...(PCAOB). Many factors play a part in the audit process. Every company has their own specific way, but public companies have to follow generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP) as outlined in the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. Elements of the GAAS General Standards There are three “elements” associated in the standards of GAAS; these are general standards, standards of fieldwork, and standards of reporting (Boynton W. & Johnson R., 2006). General Standards require that every auditor must have a formal university education, practical training, and experience in auditing, and continuing education in the auditor’s professional career (Boynton W. & Johnson R., 2006). Therefore, training and ability are very important. An auditor must also be able to think objectively. An auditor cannot have any encouragement from outside sources in decision-making. The last general standard is that the auditor must be proficient and avoid any careless mistakes while contributing to the audit in review (Boynton W. & Johnson R., 2006). Standards of Fieldwork The second element is standards of fieldwork. The standards of fieldwork are the conduct of the auditor while at the entity’s place of business (Boynton W. & Johnson R., 2006). Organization is a very important task while out in the field during an audit. The auditor will have tactics and schedules in place for all personnel assisting with the audit to ensure proper motivation and supervision is given. The auditor will need to know about the...
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...“Ethics is knowing the difference between what you have a right to do and what is right to do” - Potter Stewart. Anthropologist are people who walk a fine line of ethics on how they gather their data. They try to collect their data by not causing any harm to their subjects while being open and honest and gain consent from the group of people who are they are studying. Also, they try to make their results accessible, while preserving their records in times where it is not possible. There are times that ethics don’t need to be watched to a point where people have to give it up when they have to treat the people they are talking to as a certain group and not as people. The ethics that need to be watched are when people being tested on for medications that could help cure disease X....
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...Learning Styles Journal 3 Why Students Matter The effective teachers are perceived to be fully equipped naturally and professionally to lead their students to success in competitive standardized tests, as well as inculcate in them, values that would make them exhibit behaviors that are generally desirable and acceptable. On the other hand, the ineffective teachers do not care about the success of their students in examinations and in some cases students who pass through such teachers, especially in terms of emulating their life styles, tend to exhibit behaviors that are detestable by the society Teacher effectiveness influences students’ academic performance. It is not however, very easy to investigate the area of effectiveness in teaching because many hold the view that the concept has. Even, from among those who hold the views that teacher quality should be assessed by student outcomes however, arguments could be made for an emphasis on different types of student outcomes. Teacher quality can be gauged by short- term outcomes such as students’ performance on state standardized tests at the end of the period prescribed for a given academic programs. Long-term outcomes may be much more difficult to measure but some might argue that the best teachers are those who somehow improve students’ educational trajectories in some important ways. In other words, teacher quality is multi-dimensional and complex in nature and can be measured. Perkins (1974) said that, there...
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...ACCT 4400 Case Set 1 Case Set 1 covers Ethics and Professionalism in Auditing, and consists of the following cases: Case 1-1: Accounting Scandal Case 1-2: Audit Dilemma Case 1-3: Independence Case 1-1: Accounting Scandal This case focuses on the Diamond Foods accounting scandal. To complete this assignment, you should first conduct research using the Internet to better understand Diamond Foods and its fraud. Second, answer the following questions. Questions: 1. What was the motivation for the Diamond Foods scandal? Be specific, simply stating “greed” is insufficient. 2. (a) In general, what is a conflict of interest? (b) What role did the board of directors at Diamond Foods play in creating conflicts of interest at the company? (c) How should an auditor have responded to the conflicts of interest at Diamond Foods? 3. (a) What are momentum payments? (b) What was the role of momentum payments in the Diamond Foods scandal? 4. How did Diamond Foods fund its aggressive growth strategy of multiple acquisitions during a short period of time? Case 1-2: Audit Dilemma Assume that you have just started as a staff auditor at a large accounting firm. For your first audit, you are assigned to E&K books, a public company. Your firm has been auditing this client for several years, and has always given E&K clean opinions. A senior, Ella, will lead fieldwork on the E&K audit. You are glad to be working with Ella because...
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...Abstract Background We presented the pattern of health care consumption, and the utilization of available resources by describing the ecology of medical care in Beijing on a monthly basis and by describing the socio-demographic characteristics associated with receipt care in different settings. Methods A cohort of 6,592 adults, 15 years of age and older were sampled to estimate the number of urban-resident adults per 1,000 who visited a medical facility at least once in a month, by the method of three-stage stratified and cluster random sampling. Separate logistic regression analyses assessed the association between those receiving care in different types of setting and their socio-demographic characteristics. Results On average per 1,000 adults, 295 had at least one symptom, 217 considered seeking medical care, 173 consulted a physician, 129 visited western medical practitioners, 127 visited a hospital-based outpatient clinic, 78 visited traditional Chinese medical practitioners, 43 visited a primary care physician, 35 received care in an emergency department, 15 were hospitalized. Health care seeking behaviors varied with socio-demographic characteristics, such as gender, age, ethnicity, resident census register, marital status, education, income, and health insurance status. In term of primary care, the gate-keeping and referral roles of Community Health Centers have not yet been fully established in Beijing. Conclusions This study represents a first attempt...
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...Running head: ETHICS Mike Jones Educational Ethics University of Phoenix Dr. Paula Clark July 11, 2010 The word ethics has a variety of meanings to many people. Ethics to one person may be related to morality, while someone else may say the right and wrong of certain behaviors. Some people declare that ethics for humans would be the proper ways of behaving in a particular profession or group. I believe that each person has their own set of norms for ethical behavior that they believe to be an appropriate way of meeting their goals. As stated in the American Heritage Dictionary, ethics is defined as “being in accordance with the accepted principles of right and wrong that governs the conduct of a profession.” I believe that ethics are my moral standards and the rules in which I abide by. My moral standards are the thread that determines what I feel to be right or wrong about my actions. When conducting educational research, one must have morals. Having standards helps me to conduct my educational research in order to safeguard the interests and rights of participants that are involved as well as the ones affected by the research. Within my research I believe that appropriate external approval is granted. This would include informing parents of research, supervisors, and the district. I further believe that ethical norms should be adhered to in research to promote the aims of the research, promote the values that are essential to collaborative work, and promote social...
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...also played a role as the superintendent of the prison. The Stanford Prison Experiment was significant due to its controversial nature and continued discussion in the classroom. The experiment itself was a form of field research. According to Kendall (2014), field research develops “a fuller understanding… through observations, face-to-face discussions, and participation in events.” Ultimately, a field study is an experiment that takes place outside the laboratory. It incorporates observation and interviews of individuals in a more “natural” setting in order to gather qualitative data. The Stanford Prison experiment consisted of all of these characteristics. Additionally, Zimbardo also incorporated participant observation within his fieldwork. Kendall (2014) defined participant observation as “the process of collecting systematic observations while being part of the activities of the group that the researcher is studying.” During the experiment, Zimbardo embodied the role as the prison’s superintendent. When interacting with the prisoners, he responded to...
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...Darwinism” Margaret Mead natural selection Yehudi Cohen zoological taxonomy Anthropology vs. Sociology taxon ethnographic methodologies Paleolithic genealogical method Mesolithic interviewing techniques Neolithic key cultural consultants agricultural revolution in Neolithic longitudinal research human zoological taxonomy annual cycle what primates have in common why anthropologists should spend more than one annual cycle primates “ivory tower” approach differences between humans and other primates “advocacy” approach Homininoids Homo sapiens American Anthropological Association Hominins Homo sapiens sapiens ethics for ethnographers Hominids “archaic” homo sapiens ethics for archeologists human zoological taxonomy ethics for Anthropology instructors stereoscopic vision Four Major Subfields of Anthropology bipedalism cultural anthropology Australopithicus archeological anthropology Homo habilis Mary Leaky biological (physical)...
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...Internal Audit Guidebook Providing a framework for understanding and delivering Grant Thornton’s Internal Audit Services in a consistent, high-quality way 2012 Internal audit guidebook 1 Contents Page Introduction 2 Common service delivery methodology 6 Determine client needs 8 Scope and arrange work 10 Plan 13 Analyze and assess 20 Report and recommend 28 Implement 32 Evaluate 33 Determine business and technology context 36 Manage engagement performance, quality and risk 38 Communicate and enable change 40 Appendix 42 Internal audit engagement checklist 43 © Grant Thornton LLP. All rights reserved. Updated August 1, 2012 Internal audit guidebook 2 Introduction What is internal audit? The Institute of Internal Auditors (IIA) defines internal auditing as: Internal auditing is an independent, objective assurance and consulting activity designed to add value and improve an organization's operations. It helps an organization accomplish its objectives by bringing a systematic, disciplined approach to evaluate and improve the effectiveness of risk management, control, and governance processes. (1010) An internal audit objectively assesses the management of risks that a company faces. (2100 series) The aim is to • understand the current state, • assess the current state using appropriate standards and criteria, and • develop findings and recommendations...
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...Abstract To present a novice researcher's use of a reflective research diary in the quantitive measure of a mixed methods study and to recommend resulting changes to practice. Reflexivity is often regarded as a useful tool for ensuring the standard of qualitative research. Reflexivity provides transparent information about the positionality and personal values of the researcher that could affect data collection and analysis; this research process is deemed to be best practice. A reflective research diary also allows researchers to record observations about the research process. However, such diaries are rarely used in quantitative research and are even contraindicated. A reflective research diary maintained while conducting a retrospective audit of 150 hospice casenotes. A reflective research diary was written at the end of every research session to keep a detailed history of the research process and to critically reflect on the researcher's thoughts, feelings and observations on the day's work. This paper raises questions about whether reflexivity is appropriate in quantitative research, whether it has the capacity to add something of value or whether it endangers the robustness of the method. The authors consider the place of grounded theory's commitment to reflexivity in this mixed-methods study and discuss whether reflexivity offers any benefits to researcher development. Use of reflexivity had a positive impact on the progress of the quantitative measure...
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...CORPORATE GOVERNANCE 1 CORPORATE GOVERNANCE We can attribute societies demand for improved corporate governance on the number of recent financial scandals that have occurred in both the United States and abroad in the past decade. For many organizations, the way to rebuild shareholder confidence was to implement a fundamental framework of procedures that would ensure scandals like Enron, WorldCom and Tyco would not occur in the future. It is precisely these scandals that made corporate governance the focus of organizations worldwide. Corporate governance is defined as the principles and processes that provide the strategies on how an organization directs and obtains its goals, the oversight process for implementing effective accountability from its directors and managers (Rittenberg, Johnstone, & Gramling, 2012). What are two of the principles that surround corporate governance? How do they tie into the recent legislation that was put into place to resolve ethical challenges and changes within the last decade? Two principles that surround corporate governance include “successful management and ethical corporate culture and independence and objectivity” (Creel, 2013). It is management’s responsibility to create a culture of “integrity and ethical behavior” (Rittenberg, Johnstone, & Gramling, 2012). In addition, it is imperative for board members to maintain their objectivity and their judgment must remain independent and in the best interest of its stakeholders. Corporate...
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...The PTL Club Case Study Prepared by Felix Rivero For Professor Suiero in partial fulfillment of the requirements for ACC 502- Advanced Auditing School of Business/ Graduate Studies FIU Miami Gardens, FL Spring 2014 May 15, 2014 Table of Contents Issues……………………………………………………………….Page 3 Facts………………………………………………………………..Page 4-5 Analysis/ Authority………………………………………………...Page 5-9 Conclusions/ Recommendation…………………………………….Page 9 References………………………………………………………….Page 10 Issues PTL case Issue #1 Some of the ethical questions raised by the maintenance of PTL’s secret payroll account by the Laventhol partner are? Since the PTL was a private organization not registered with the Securities and Exchange Commission should this affect the propriety of the partner’s actions? PTL case Issue #2 PTL was a high risk client to Laventhol, what procedures should Laventhol done before accepting PTL as an audit client? PTL case Issue #3 What is the definition of the deep pocket theory? What step can large public accounting firms use to protect themselves against large class action lawsuits with predicated upon false or largely unfounded allegation? PTL case Issue #4 A. How does GAAS for PTL now differ from GAAS for a U.S.-based public company listed on a U.S. securities exchange? Explanation should include citations and examples. B. How does GAAP for PTL differ from GAAP applicable to U.S.-based public companies? Explanation should include citations and examples. PTL...
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...Chapter 03 Professional Ethics True / False Questions 1. The Rules portion of the AICPA Code of Professional Conduct must be followed by only those members in private practice. True False 2. The AICPA Code of Professional Conduct derives its authority from the Bylaws of the AICPA. True False 3. An immaterial loan from the CPA to an officer of a client impairs the independence of the CPA. True False 4. Financial interests of a CPA's nondependent children are attributed directly to the CPA. True False 5. Statements on Accounting and Review Services are enforceable under the AICPA Code of Professional Conduct. True False 6. CPAs may not advertise as to any special expertise other than in accounting, auditing, and tax. True False 7. A CPA may receive a commission for recommending a particular computer system to an audit client. True False 8. The communications between CPAs and their clients are privileged under federal law. True False 9. CPAs can advertise the fees only for their nonattest services. True False 10. The American Institute of Certified Public Accountants has been the primary source for ethical rules for internal auditors. True False Multiple Choice Questions 11. ABC Company is audited by the Phoenix office of Willingham CPAs. Which of the following individuals would be least likely to be considered a "covered member"...
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...Chapter 03 Professional Ethics True / False Questions 1. The Rules portion of the AICPA Code of Professional Conduct must be followed by only those members in private practice. True False 2. The AICPA Code of Professional Conduct derives its authority from the Bylaws of the AICPA. True False 3. An immaterial loan from the CPA to an officer of a client impairs the independence of the CPA. True False 4. Financial interests of a CPA's nondependent children are attributed directly to the CPA. True False 5. Statements on Accounting and Review Services are enforceable under the AICPA Code of Professional Conduct. True False 6. CPAs may not advertise as to any special expertise other than in accounting, auditing, and tax. True False 7. A CPA may receive a commission for recommending a particular computer system to an audit client. True False 8. The communications between CPAs and their clients are privileged under federal law. True False 9. CPAs can advertise the fees only for their nonattest services. True False 10. The American Institute of Certified Public Accountants has been the primary source for ethical rules for internal auditors. True False Multiple Choice Questions 11. ABC Company is audited by the Phoenix office of Willingham CPAs. Which of the following individuals would be least likely to be considered a "covered member"...
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...shock. 6. Analyze the values of cultural relativism. 7. Identify the uses of cross-cultural comparison. After reading this chapter, you should be able to: iStockphoto/Thinkstock iStockphoto 8. Explain the basic ethical questions of anthropological research. 9. Explain the different concepts used in an anthropological analysis of culture. 10. Explain the difference between humanistic and scientific approaches to culture. Chapter Outline 1.1 The Breadth of Anthropology • • • • • The Four Traditional Subfields Anthropology as Science and Humanity Etic Versus Emic Perspectives The Holistic Perspective Breadth in Time and Space 1.3 Methods of Anthropological Research • • • • Participant Observation The Fieldwork: A Case Study Cross-Cultural Comparison Ethics in Anthropological Research 1.2 The History of Cultural Anthropology • • • • • The Evolutionary Period The Empiricist Period The Functionalist Period The Contemporary Period The Period of Specialization 1.4 Cultural Differences • Culture Shock • Ethnocentrism • Cultural Relativism 1.5 Employment in Anthropology 1 cra80793_01_c01_001-032.indd 1 5/23/13 2:23 PM Section 1.1 The Breadth of Anthropology CHAPTER 1 This chapter explains what anthropology is, the history of the discipline, how anthropologists gather information about human customs, how different anthropologists analyze culture, and how anthropology has evolved as a discipline. 1.1 The Breadth of Anthropology A nthropology...
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