...Evolution of Ethernet Given the speeds of today’s Ethernet and the progression of the speeds, 10 to 100Gigs over 8 years and 100Gig to 1Tb since, transmission rate will double again in about 8 years. Although this seems true, I read that Ethernet fabric will rival fiber optic transmission capabilities. We must keep in might that a network is only as fast as its slowest component. This means computers will have to continue to get faster at processing requests and switches and routers will have to analyze and forward data packets at a higher speed to keep up with the evolution of Ethernet. Cat5e, Cat5 and CAT6 are the most recent Ethernet Evolution; they are the standard and most easily affordable for companies to use. The ease of installment is also a big factor when using CAT cables, twisting and lining up the end connectors is all that is required. The biggest issue with using CAT is that in starts to lose signal after 100 meters, it needs to be sent through a repeater, or a switch to regain signal strength. For the cost, performance and ease of installation the CAT5e is the best medium for a LAN. The next steps ethnet will be taking will be to increases speed and security. An organization using medical equipment or financial information has to consider what security protocols and policies it would use. Using Category 6 twisted pair cabling. These cables are hardier versions of Cat5E and are covered in a shielding that prevents them from being compromised by electrical...
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...What impact will the continued evolution of the Ethernet standard have on data storage requirements, assuming capacity continues to follow the same pattern of progress? Bandwidth will soon far exceed capacity * What network devices will be required for the configuration of a VLAN-enabled Ethernet network? Gigabit switches * What statement can be made about the rate of progression in data transfer capacity in Ethernet standards? Speeds mostly have to do with how much one is willing to pay for faster data connection. The deciding factor is how important is the data from which is needed to be collected. Slower standards are just as good as faster ones depending on of course, the capacity in which it is collected and infrastructure· * If an organization decides to implement a medical imagery repository for radiological reviews, requiring 100Mbps connectivity for eight workstations operating at the same time, what is the minimum Ethernet standard to implement? Briefly explain the reasons behind your selection. Although fast ethernet 100Mbps would be sufficient, 1000Base-T would be better recommended for future growth. Ethernet has been the standard for networking for over 40 years. Future still looks promising with standard speeds of over 1Tbit on the horizon. Evolution of ethernet: * 1973 While Robert Metcalfe worked for xerox, he was asked to come up with linking hundreds of computer to laser printers. Came up with Ethernet at 3Mbps over shared coaxial cable...
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...Data storage center centers will benefit greatly from the continued evolution of Ethernet. We saw in the past and present how Ethernet protocols enabled faster transmissions of data. How Xerox was able to network thousands of computers to a common printer. We even seen the benefit of collision management introduced in 1971. Data centers will improve the security of the cloud making it more cost effective to have virtual/roaming desktops. This will better enable companies to spend less on sky-scrapers by having most employees work from home. The hold back will be the telecom industry commonly referred to as ISP (internet service providers). Most of these companies have hesitated on the implementation of Gigabit connections due to the current high cost. VLAN-enabled Ethernet networks require switches and routers. The switches connect the users in a specific geographical area together and to a common connection to routers, one being for traffic and the other being a dedicated firewall. VLANs enable corporations to “hide in plane site” over the internet while still having the benefit of mobility like VPNs. Given the speeds of today’s Ethernet and the progression of the speeds, 10 to 100Gigs over 8 years and 100Gig to 1Tb since, transmission rate will double again in about 8 years. Although this seems true, I read that Ethernet fabric will rival fiber optic transmission capabilities. We must keep in might that a network is only as fast as its slowest component. This means computers...
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...Data storage center centers will benefit greatly from the continued evolution of Ethernet. We saw in the past and present how Ethernet protocols enabled faster transmissions of data. How Xerox was able to network thousands of computers to a common printer. We even seen the benefit of collision management introduced in 1971. Data centers will improve the security of the cloud making it more cost effective to have virtual/roaming desktops. This will better enable companies to spend less on sky-scrapers by having most employees work from home. The hold back will be the telecom industry commonly referred to as ISP (internet service providers). Most of these companies have hesitated on the implementation of Gigabit connections due to the current high cost. VLAN-enabled Ethernet networks require switches and routers. The switches connect the users in a specific geographical area together and to a common connection to routers, one being for traffic and the other being a dedicated firewall. VLANs enable corporations to “hide in plane site” over the internet while still having the benefit of mobility like VPNs. Given the speeds of today’s Ethernet and the progression of the speeds, 10 to 100Gigs over 8 years and 100Gig to 1Tb since, transmission rate will double again in about 8 years. Although this seems true, I read that Ethernet fabric will rival fiber optic transmission capabilities. We must keep in might that a network is only as fast as its slowest component. This means computers...
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...Unit 2 assignment 2 Speeds of today’s Ethernet and the progression of the speeds, 10 to 100Gigs over 8 years and 100Gig to 1Tb since, transmission rate will double again in about 8 years. Although this seems true, I read that Ethernet fabric will rival fiber optic transmission capabilities. We must keep in might that a network is only as fast as its slowest component. This means computers will have to continue to get faster at processing requests and switches and routers will have to analyze and forward data packets at a higher speed to keep up with the evolution of Ethernet. Cat5e, Cat5 and CAT6 are the most recent Ethernet Evolution; they are the standard and most easily affordable for companies to use. The ease of installment is also a big factor when using CAT cables, twisting and lining up the end connectors is all that is required. The biggest issue with using CAT is that in starts to lose signal after 100 meters, it needs to be sent through a repeater, or a switch to regain signal strength. For the cost, performance and ease of installation the CAT5e is the best medium for a LAN. An organization using medical equipment or financial information has to consider what security protocols and policies it would use. Using Category 6 twisted pair cabling. These cables are hardier versions of Cat5E and are covered in a shielding that prevents them from being compromised by electrical wiring or magnetic fields. Once the speeds of Ethernet have been completely maxed out, the next...
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...10 Gigabit Ethernet Standard Christopher Burch PROF. K. Jones CIS 175 – Intro to Networking March 4, 2011 ABSTRACT NOT REQUIRED 10 Gigabit Ethernet Standard From its inception more than 25 years ago, Ethernet has adapted to meet the increasing loads of packet-based networks. Because of its proven low implementation cost, reliability, and relative simplicity of installation and maintenance, Ethernet’s usage has grown to the point that nearly all voice, video, and data traffic on the Internet begins or ends with an Ethernet connection. Further, as the need for ever-faster network speeds has increased, Ethernet has been adapted to handle these higher speeds, as well as the surges in volume demand that are apart of them. The IEEE 802.3ae 2002 (10 Gigabit Ethernet standard) is unique in some respects from earlier Ethernet standards in that it will only function over optical fiber, and only operates in full duplex mode (collision-detection protocols are unnecessary).Ethernet can now evolve to 10 gigabits per second while keeping its most important Ethernet properties, such as the packet format, and the current capabilities are easily transferable to the new standard. The 10 Gigabit Ethernet standard extends the IEEE 802.3aestandard protocols to a wire speed of 10 Gbps and expands the Ethernet application space to include WAN-compatible links. The10 Gigabit Ethernet standard provides a powerful increase in bandwidth while maintaining maximum compatibility with the installed...
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...over the other? What OSI layer does each of those devices work in? Explain in detail. A bridge came about due to the limitations of Ethernet networks and was used to solve the issues of the limitations on the size of the runs in the cabling and the number of computers that could be connected to an Ethernet network. A bridge is used to connect two Ethernet segments together essentially like a bridge connects two bodies of land. In addition to the increase in the size of the cable runs and the increase in computers that could be on a network, the bridge also allows traffic filtering (stopping traffic from crossing from one network to another) and forwarding (allowing traffic to cross the bridge) which would allow conservation of bandwidth and as a result an increase in the amount of computers on the network. Bridges have been largely replaced by the switch except in wireless networks. The wireless bridge acts just as the wired bridge does and connects two wireless network segments together. In addition to that they can also join wireless and wired networks together. Lastly, they can also be used to join wireless networks together with other networked devices. A bridge operates at layer 2 the Data Link Layer and is a half-duplex device. The switch is very similar to a bridge in many ways but there are some key differences due to the evolution of technology in the computing world. The switch also operates at layer 2 the Data Link Layer and can operate in both half duplex and...
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...going to be recommended. Recommendation: As per my search for the best cabling options for the upgraded data center and meeting future requirements is augmented category 6(cat 6A). Cat 6A cable belong to copper cabling category and is designed and improved for the data transmission of 10gb/sec at 500mhz. Considering current horizontal cabling which is a 10mbps star wired using hubs and backbone is 100mbps capable and uses switches at the core. Cat 6A will coming out to be the appropriate solution as category 6 with the extendedstar topology, components are specified to be interoperable between different vendor products and most importantly is compatible with backward technologies. Cat 6a establishes a set of specifications to help the evolution of the upcoming generation of applications and considered to be future proof. For the backbone cabling fiber optics is a best solution keeping the data security, efficiency and performance in mind. This combination of cabling will definitely coming out to be successful and meeting the needs of the technology demands for next 10-15 years with the plenty of headroom. Option: WLAN as an option: Another technology which can turn out to be a good option over here would be Wireless Local area network (WLAN). WLANs use electromagnetic airwaves (radio or infrared) to communicate information from one point to...
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...talking about wireless computers networks. Wireless communications also covers wireless phone networks as well as our wireless computer networks. While writing this paper I will try to keep it on just the wireless computer networks, but you will have to keep in mind that this all was started with the telephone and branched out toward computers and other handheld devices. Me like everyone else probably had never really look at wireless as a very vast network which started in 1876 when the phone was invented by Alexander Graham. In 1877, Charles Williams of Somerville Ma had the first private telephone was installed in the home. Four years later over 47,850 telephones were in use in the U.S. (Fowler, 2009). This was the start of the evolution of Wi-Fi, Guglielmo Marconi, an Italian inventor took it a step closer nine years later, and he proved the feasibility of radio communications by sending and receiving the first radio signal. Then in 1869, the first wireless signal across the English Channel was flasher by Marconi. (Fowler, 2009) This should not be confused with the Birth of Telecommunication as some people have linked Telecommunication with wireless communications as John M Shea, an associate Professor of electrical and Computer Engineering from the University of Florida did in an article were he stated in “The History of Wireless Communications” that The first telegraph? Perhaps drum communication [wikipedia] or signal torches, such as those used for communication in...
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...the following key terms. You can find the definitions in the glossary. Internet page 2 page 2 Network Access Point (NAP) Tier 1 ISP Tier 2 ISP Tier 3 ISP page 9 page 9 page 9 page 9 page 7 electronic commerce (e-commerce) Request for Comments (RFC) Internet service provider (ISP) bandwidth page 4 page 3 page 4 Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP) page 5 transport network page 12 DSL access multiplexer (DSLAM) page 7 page 7 cable modem termination system (CMTS) page 13 scalable network page 14 page 13 digital subscriber line (DSL) Metro Ethernet page 7 point of presence (POP) Internet Exchange Point (IXP) 2 Working at a Small-to-Medium Business or ISP, CCNA Discovery Learning Guide The globalization of the Internet has occurred faster than anyone could have imagined. The manner in which social, commercial, political, and personal interactions occur is rapidly changing to keep pace with the evolution of the Internet. This expansion has created a wider audience and a larger consumer base for whatever message, product, or service can be delivered. Today millions of...
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...Graded Assignments The following sections contain student copies of the assignments. These must be distributed to students prior to the due dates for the assignments. Online students will have access to these documents in PDF format, which will be available for downloading at any time during the course. Course Revision Table Change Date | Updated Section | Change Description | Change Rationale | Implementation Quarter | 11/04/2011 | All | New Curriculum | | December 2011 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | ------------------------------------------------- Graded Discussion/Assignment Requirements Discussion or Assignment Requirements documents provided below must be printed and distributed to students for guidance on completing the discussions and assignments and submitting them for grading. Instructors must remind students to retain all handouts and assignment documents issued in every unit, as well as student-prepared documentation and graded deliverables. Some or all these documents will be used repeatedly across different units. Unit 1 Assignment 1: Effects of Routing on Current Communication Methods Used by Organizations Learning Objectives and Outcomes * Explore the effects of routing on current communication methods used by organizations. Assignment Requirements The Johnson Company provides networking components and services. It sounds simple, but management knows it takes a lot of planning...
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...ORs and ERs, Labs, Pharmacy, Radiology, Outpatient Examining Rooms, Wards, and ICUa. The Black outlined boxes represent functions related to administration, including Discharging and Admissions, Technology, HR, Facilities, Finance, and Hospital Senior Management. [pic] For all kinds of data transmission, the entire hospital has an overall network using 1000 BaseT using CAT 6 cable. Some of the individual departments have separate network structure, such as Radiology use different standards, such as 1000 BaseF using single mode fiber, as shown in the logical network diagram below. The Ethernet cable runs throughout the hospital, connecting all areas through a Network Bridge located between the network containing the clinical areas and administrative function areas of the hospital. The bus architecture of the networks is shown in the diagram below, with nodes connected to the Ethernet backbone. [pic] In all Radiology modalities the DICOM (Digital Imaging and Communication in Medicine) standard and...
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...independence, all foreign telecommunication companies were nationalized to form the Posts, Telephone and Telegraph (PTT), a body that was governed by the Ministry of Communication. The Indian telecom sector was entirely under government ownership until 1984, when the private sector was allowed in telecommunication equipment manufacturing only. The government concretized its earlier efforts towards developing R&D in the sector by setting up an autonomous body – Centre for Development of Telemetric (C-DOT) in 1984 to develop state-of-the-art telecommunication technology to meet the growing needs of the Indian telecommunication network. The actual evolution of the industry started after the Government separated the Department of Post and Telegraph in 1985 by setting up the Department of Posts and the Department of Telecommunications. The entire evolution of the telecom industry can be classified into three distinct phases. • Phase I- Pre-Liberalization Era (1980-89) • Phase II- Post Liberalization Era (1990-99) • Phase III- Post 2000 Until the late 90s the Government of India held a monopoly on all types of communications – as a result of the Telegraph Act of 1885. As mentioned earlier in the chapter, until the industry was liberalized in the early nineties, it was a heavily government-controlled and small-sized market, Government policies have played a key role in shaping the structure and size of the Telecom industry in India. As a result, the Indian telecom market is one of the most...
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...with headers? ANS: Message length = M bytes Header length = H bytes Protocol layers = n Header bytes per packet = aH Total bytes per packet = M+aH Fraction of bandwidth filled with header= aH / ( M+aH) If the packets were fragmented it would result in a larger fraction of the bandwidth filled with header information since fragments would have to replicate header information. So this extra header information would increase message overhead. Q2. Research the terms IEEE, IAB, IETF, IRTF, ANSI, EIA, RFC and describe their importance ANS: IAB (The Internet Architecture Board): It is the Internet Society overseer of the technical evolution of the Internet. The IAB supervises the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF), which oversees the evolution of TCP/IP, and the Internet Research Task Force ( IRTF ),which works on network technology. IEEE (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers): It was formed in 1963 when AIEE merged with IRE. IEEE is an organization composed of engineers, scientists, and students. The IEEE is best known for developing standards for the computer and electronics industry. In particular, the IEEE 802 standards for local-area networks are widely followed. IEEE 802 project which defines popular network technology. A set of network standards developed by the IEEE. They include: IEEE 802.1:-Standards related to network management. IEEE...
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...NETW202 Week 2 Quiz #1 Grade Details - All Questions | Question 1. | Question : | (TCO 1) _____ service delivers the fastest connections available at an economical megabit-per-second price. | | | Student Answer: | | Dedicated leased line | | | | DSL | | | | Fiber-optic Ethernet | | | | Satellite | | Instructor Explanation: | Chapter 1.2.4.3, Week 1 Lecture | | | | Points Received: | 5 of 5 | | Comments: | | | | Question 2. | Question : | (TCO 1) With _____, message priorities are matched with the type of communication and its importance to the organization. | | | Student Answer: | | fault tolerance | | | | server pathways | | | | quality of service | | | | scalability | | Instructor Explanation: | Chapter 1.3.2.1, Week 1 Lecture | | | | Points Received: | 5 of 5 | | Comments: | | | | Question 3. | Question : | (TCO 1) Redundant connections allowing for alternate paths if a link or device fails is known as _____. | | | Student Answer: | | fault tolerance | | | | server pathways | | | | quality of service | | | | scalability | | Instructor Explanation: | Chapter 1.3.2.1, Week 1 Lecture | | | | Points Received: | 5 of 5 | | Comments: | | | | Question 4. | Question : | (TCO 1) Which of the Internet connection options provides the lowest bandwidth? | | | Student Answer: | | Cable | | | | DSL | | | | Leased lines | | | |...
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