...Care System Evolution From the Medicare/Medicaid focus, I will attempt to break this down from the evolution of the old to the influence of the current or present systems. I would further consider the old concepts of supply and demand. Health care is no different. In early health care delivery, there was not much demand because there was not much known. In many instances, patients weren't as educated about healthcare and illnesses to know where to go to seek care. This is evident by the people using home remedies and other alternatives that prevented them from going to the doctor. Research was not available as much to the average patients or their families to educate them about the risk of not receiving treatment for certain conditions. When looking at doctors, they use to be just local folks who happened to be doctors, and they treated many conditions in their local offices without needing to file on Medicare/Medicaid. The people were their neighbors and the doctor and patients knew each other personally. Cost was not associated with this type of care. It was like doing a favor for neighbors and friends. Tools and supplies doctors used back then were less expensive. To make a long story short, there was not much patient care demand nor was there much cost. So there was not as much for Medicare/Medicaid to pay for. Finally, the people running Medicare and Medicaid trusted doctors more. If the doctor it stated it was needed, neither Medicare nor Medicaid questioned...
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...Health Care Museum Latesha Leftwich Health Care Delivery in the U.S. - HCS235 June 17, 2013 Elaina Mahlan, Facilitator Health Care Museum The United States health care system did not always exist and before 1920, most people did not have health care treatment. In order to understand our current healthcare system you need to know about the history of healthcare, how it started, and its evolution. In my research, you will learn about the history of and present usage of the American Medical Association, hospitals, nurses, Medicare/Medicaid, and the HMO Act of 1973. Exhibit A: The American Medical Association The American Medical Association (AMA) came about to make sure that traditional medicine and scientific concepts was used in colleges that deemed themselves as medical schools (Encyclopedia, 2001). A group of doctors who were a part of different local and state associations formed the AMA. They thought that medical education was not keeping up on a national level, that there were no consistent curriculums, and that medicine was not about healing arts associated with mystic beliefs (Encyclopedia, 2001). Since its start, the AMA has closed huge gaps in how medical students are taught and how healthcare is delivered (Lazarus, J. 2013). I believe that the AMA should be a part of my museum because without the AMA science would not have been applied to healthcare and without those sciences how would we have developed in the knowledge of healthcare today? The AMA is committed...
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...Healthcare History Health Care History The United States health care system is currently getting ready to evolve tremendously through the organization, management structure, and payment structures. The economic component in health care is very important to understand in order to structure it successfully. This papers discusses the evolution of economics in the health care system and the structure of health care funding timeline. History and Evolution Health care economics presents an information framework were efficiency and equity goals are pursued. Furthermore, economics establishes a framework by maximizing benefits using resources at hand. Kenneth Arrow, the person responsible for mentioning the idea of health economics as a discipline, wrote an article titled “Uncertainty and the Welfare Economies of Medical Care” in 1963. The article discusses how the medical care industry benefits society compared to the “norm”. Furthermore, Mr. Arrow wrote about the significance of supply and demand. Arrow discussed that the average person has the characteristic of only seeking medical care when they are suffering from a critical injury or illness. Its not common for the average person to receive routine medical services on a regular basis. As Mr. Arrows discussed supply condition, he quoted “Entry to the health care profession is controlled by licensing. Licensing manages the supply which consequently increases the cost of medical care”. Medical care...
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...In this paper I will discuss the history and evolution of healthcare economics and the timing of healthcare funding. In the 21st Century healthcare is proven to be one the largest industries that generates a great deal of money in the world. Therehas been a dramtic change in healthcre the last last hundred years. As changes and progression are examined, it becomes clear that healthcare along with the economy has created an important part of the American life. Healthcare History Health care economics presents information where efficiency and equity goals are pursued. Furthermore, economics establishes a framework by maximizing benefits using resources at hand. Kenneth Arrow, the person responsible for mentioning the idea of health economics as a discipline, wrote an article titled “Uncertainty and the Welfare Economies of Medical Care” in 1963. The article discusses how the medical care industry benefits society compared to the “norm”. Furthermore, Mr. Arrow wrote about the significance of supply and demand. Arrow discussed that the average person has the characteristic of only seeking medical care when they are suffering from a critical injury or illness. Its not common for the average person to receive routine medical services on a regular basis. As Mr. Arrows discussed supply condition, he quoted “Entry to the health care profession is controlled by licensing. Licensing manages the supply which consequently increases the cost of medical care”. Medical care was expensive...
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...Evolution of Programs and Services Vicki Sellers HCS/310 June 16, 2014 Geraldine O'Neal Evolution of Programs and Services For many generations, care of the elderly has continually been the responsibility of various family members. The elderly individual needing care would generally stay in the home of their children or other relatives until their death like some still do today. In various cultures such as that of the Chinese and Japanese, their traditions dictate that caring for the elderly whether it be a parent or an uncle or aunt is a matter of honor and a way to show respect to their elderly. In some countries, especially impoverished ones, the care of the elderly continues to fall on the family because they have no financial means to seek other methods of care or no services are available where they live. Fortunately for those who live in countries such as the U.S., Europe and Australia, there are many services available to aid in the care of the elderly which gives family members other options and assistance as needed. Caring for the elderly consists of many different factors and can at times be impossible for those wanting to provide care for their loved ones at home. Financial factors and health factors are two of the most significant issues that determine how the elderly are cared for. Other factors hinge on whether or not the family member providing care has space in their own home, is able to arrange their schedule to provide that care, or already their...
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...1. Describe the major trends in the evolution of health care services in the United States over the past 100 years. There are four major trends in the evolution of health care services in the United States over the past 100 years. The trends are broken down into specific epochs and are identified by the important development in health care during significant eras. The trends are identified as 1850-1900; 1900 to World War II; World War II to 1980; and 1980 to present. 1850 is the starting point of formal organization in health care services in the United States and the development of the first hospitals. Prior to that point in time, many health services were conducted by general physician house calls. The primary disease targets for this epoch was epidemics of acute infections related to food, water, housing and conditions of life (Williams, S., Torrens, P. 2008). There was no technology available to deal with the largest health issues. Because there was no social organization for health care, individuals had to rely upon themselves and charity to deal with sickness and disease. This lack of a social organization forced people to care for their own families despite the fact that they had very little factual knowledge. By 1900, many of the acute individual ailments were slowly being controlled, so the new system turned its attention to acute illnesses affecting individuals versus entire groups. During this time period, technology was slowly advancing and started the rapid...
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...EVOLUTION OF HEALTH CARE INFORMATION SYSTEMS PAPER EVOLUTION OF HEALTH CARE INFORMATION SYSTEMS PAPER 2 THE PATIENT RELATIONSHIPS WITH HEALTH CARE TECHNOLOGY My grandfather would often share stories of the neighborhood Doctor coming to visit the family home and providing medical care or just stopping in to say hello. They were extremely thorough, knew the entire family's history and actually became a part of the family. Over the years, the Doctor's relationship has evolved from the family member/neighborhood doctor to the world of physicians make diagnosis based on the available CPT code and patient visits are conducted via tele-medical devices. Medical relationships first transitioned from the family physician to neighborhood Doctor offices, then to company doctors and now Insurance Companies who act as puppet masters for physicians. I spoke with a friend whom is a physician over the weekend and she said, Medical care is very different than what she pictured it to be. As a doctor, she is as concerned about the times outlined by insurance companies and CPT codes as she about the patient’s health. I am sure my grandfather could have never imagined this type of relationship with his family doctor. To bridge the gap between the physician patient relationship of yesterday and today, technology savvy healthcare providers are using personal digital assistants (PDA) to act as the provider memory bank. The advancement of PDAs is just one of the many revolutionary advances that...
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...mental health care system in New Mexico, mortality rates, mandating medications, civil rights of the mentally ill, treatment, and prevention. Mental health care in New Mexico is undergoing a continual evolution. With recent changes to our state’s Medicaid moving from Salud to Centennial Care (beginning January 1, 2014) the thoughts of officials in the state have too. According to Willging and Semansky (2014) they report “At public hearings regarding implementation, high-ranking state officials heavily promoted Centennial Care’s ability to “reduce utilization” and “drive down” the long-term cost of Medicaid service” (Willging & Semansky, 2014). This is a good goal for a state such as New Mexico, but is it really working and benefiting New Mexican’s with mental health needs? Willging and Semansky (2014) report that gubernatorial administration neglected reports including the New Mexico legislature Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS), which were described in earlier programs and detrimental effects on behavioral health services (Willging & Semansky, 2014). Willging and Semansky (2014) go on to report about the closing of mental health providers in the state six months prior to Centennial Care going live were accused of fraud and corruption of Medicaid dollars and that people with mental health care needs (Willging & Semansky, 2014). Over the next few years expect changes to the mental health care system in New Mexico due to some of the surfacing evidence...
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...The Joint Commission and CMS HCS/578 Professor: Mark Julian Cole, Ph.D. (abd), LPC/LMFT April 4, 2011 Health care is a field that is constantly changing in order to provide individuals with the best quality of care available. The evolution of medication and various advancements in technology have dramatically increased the treatment options that are available to individuals. These changes have also brought higher expectations and an increased focus on the quality of care that is received. The definition of the quality of care varies from patient to patient, as well as from physician to physician; however the Institute of Medicine defines quality of care as "The degree to which health services for individuals and populations increase the likelihood of desired health outcomes and are consistent with current professional knowledge." The main focus of this definition is to treat and care for patients the best way possible the first time. When dealing with the health care of individuals there is no room for error. Health care has now been regulated for many years in order to ensure that all individuals are receiving the best quality of care regardless of their financial situation or their social status. The Joint Commission is a non-profit organization within the United States that focuses on the patient care within medical facilities. Medical facilities include hospitals, hospice agencies, durable medical equipment companies, nursing homes, and many others...
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...Assignment 1: What is Federalism? Student: Danny Franco Professor: Tracy Herman POL 110 August 8, 2014 Bose, Dilulio, and Wilson (2013), state that in America, political authority falls under both national and state governments. This division of political authority between the two entities is called federalism. The delegates at the Constitutional Convention were in agreement that some degree of federalism was necessary; however, the amount of federalism that was to be written into the Constitution was rather controversial. After the constitutional Convention, two views of federalism arose. One view of a strong federal government was advocated for by Alexander Hamilton. He believed the national government powers should be largely defined and applied liberally. Thomas Jefferson led the charge on the opposing view. He argued that the federal government existed as an agreement between the states and that the national government should be narrowly defined and limited. These opposing views have been a constant source of political debate in this country (Bose, Dilulio, and Wilson, 2013). One example of how federalism has evolved from its origins to the American political system in place today can be traced to the state’s rights debates of the early to mid-19th century. The southern states were in favor of a decentralized federal government with the bulk of power belonging to the states. The northern states favored a more centralized government with the power residing at the...
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...HLT 205 ALL WEEKS DISCUSSIONS LATEST To purchase this tutorial visit here: http://wiseamerican.us/product/hlt-205-weeks-discussions-latest/ contact us at: SUPPORT@WISEAMERICAN.US HLT 205 ALL WEEKS DISCUSSIONS LATEST HLT 205 Week 1 Topic 1 Discussion 1 Compare and contrast the U.S. health care system to the health care system of another country. What similarities or difference s exist? Cite references to support your answer. HLT 205 Week 1 Topic 1 Discussion 2 The U.S. health care system evolved between the times of preindustrial to postindustrial America. How have the determinants of health care and associated strategies for improvement changed during this evolution? Include the growth of health care and expansion of legislation and associations in your response. Cite references to support your response. HLT 205 Week 2 Topic 2 Discussion 1 What is defensive medicine and how does it impact health care cost, quality, and access? How will we see the use of defensive medicine shift as we move forward with the Affordable Care Act? Cite references to support your DQ post. HLT 205 Week 2 Topic 2 Discussion 2 Watch “TEDTalks: Daniel Kraft – Medicine’s Future? There’s an App for That”: http://library.gcu.edu:2048/login?url=http://digital.films.com.library.gcu.edu:2048/PortalPlaylists.aspx?aid=12129&xtid=48192 After viewing the video, select four topics that were discussed and explain their significance to the future of health care technology. HLT 205 Week 3 Topic 3 Discussion...
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...politics, technology, health trends, the environment and population (Shi & Singh, 2009). This paper will discuss a significant event that has changed or affected health care today, explain how the historical evolution of health care was impacted, and assess the significant event based on personal beliefs and values. The significant event relate to the changes on health care are: 1. In 1939, a group health insurance as an employee benefit launched. They were exempted for paying the premium from federal taxes. The group health insurance progressed and set the mark. People were exempted from paying the taxes. 2. In 1965, the foundation of Medicare and Medicaid. For the very first time in United States, government took the responsibility to pay the health care bills for senior citizens and poor people. Government has now entered in the health insurance business. 3. The HMO (Health Maintenance Organization) Act of 1973 initiates as a managed care rescue to increasing the health care cost. It works only for short period. 4. The PPACA (Patient Protection & Affordable Care Act) of 2010, the goals of this act are increasing the quality and affordability of health care. We do not know the consequences for this new bill. These events have a big impact on the historical evolution of health care. In 1920, during World War I, physician’s incomes grew rapidly. Shi & Singh (2012) through the years several factors interacted in the gradual transformation of medicine from a weak, insecure...
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...EFFECTS ON ENROLLMENT IN THE MEDICARE ADVANTAGE INSURANCE PLANS IN THE STATE OF TEXAS. Medicare is an insurance program provided by the federal government for people who are 65 years old or older, people of all ages with End-Stage Renal Disease, and certain disable people. Medicare is administered by the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS), an agency of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. Medicare has become America's leading health care insurance program, providing coverage for approximately 47 million individuals and costing more than $516 billion a year. Medicare nowadays is facing high popularity and an uncertain future. Some experts say that Medicare is expected to go bankrupt in 2017 (Clark, 2009). A Medicare Advantage Plan is another health coverage choice that eligible beneficiaries may have as part of Medicare. The plan is offered by private companies approved by Medicare. MA plans must cover all of the services that Traditional Medicare covers except hospice care. These plans are not considered supplemental coverage but may offer extra coverage such as vision, hearing, dental and/or health and wellness programs. Most include Medicare prescription drug coverage. Medicare pays a fixed amount for the beneficiaries every month to the companies offering the plans. These companies must follow the rules set by Medicare. The motivation to choose this topic comes from an internship or curricular practice training performed during the years 2010...
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...Chapter 3 The Evolution of Health Services in the United States Learning Objectives To discover historical developments that have shaped the nature of the US health care delivery system To evaluate why the system has been resistant to national health insurance reforms To explore developments associated with the corporatization of health care To speculate on whether the era of socialized medicine has dawned in the United States “Where’s the market?” 81 26501_CH03_FINAL.indd 81 7/27/11 10:31:29 AM 82 CHAPTER 3 The Evolution of Health Services in the United States Introduction The health care delivery system of the United States evolved quite differently from the systems in Europe. American values and the social, political, and economic antecedents on which the US system is based have led to the formation of a unique system of health care delivery, as described in Chapter 1. This chapter discusses how these forces have been instrumental in shaping the current structure of medical services and how they are likely to shape its future. The evolutionary changes discussed here illustrate the American beliefs and values (discussed in Chapter 2) in action, within the context of broad social, political, and economic changes. Because social, political, and economic contexts are not static, their shifting influences lend a certain dynamism to the health care delivery system. Conversely, beliefs and values remain relatively stable over time. Consequently, in the American health care...
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...Running head: HEALTH CARE SYSTEM EVOLUTION PAPER Health Care System Evolution Paper University of Phoenix Sandra Walther/ HCS 310 October 20, 2009 Understanding the roller-coaster experience with the use of market forces in health care over the past ten years provides important context for discussions of likely future developments in the nature of competition (Lesser, 2007). The period began with acceptance of managed care transforming the organization of medical care delivery and proceeded to a period in which many of the changes were reversed. This paper begins with observations on competition in 1995, which is slightly past what one might call the peak of managed care’s influence. It goes on to describe the market and policy responses to the backlash against managed care and then to competition in the post-managed care era; it concludes with some perspectives on the likely evolution of competition over the next few years. Competition in 1995 was highly influenced by the critical mass that managed care had achieved by that point. According to KPMG Peat Marwick’s 1996 survey of employers, 73 percent of those obtaining coverage through employment were in managed care plans, compared with 27 percent eight years earlier. Health maintenance organizations (HMOs) were the most popular plan type, accounting for 31 percent of the market (Lesser, 2007). The benefit structure in managed care plans included far less in the way of financial incentives for patients than had...
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