...Domesticity by many men resulted in many women staying in the private sphere unwillingly, unequal pay compared to similar jobs done by men, and few socially acceptable career options for women, causing them to fight these injustices legally in courts and participating in strikes and protests. On average, women received inferior education when compared to men, which prevented many women from becoming skilled workers; therefore, women claimed that the education system needed reforms due to the lack of equality. As a significant Antebellum reform movement, abolitionism attracted many women, which in turn caused them to reflect upon their own similarities with slaves and encouraged themselves to combat the social transgression...
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...Of the Hall’s 19th century inductees, whom most people associate with the rise of women’s rights, everyone has an anti-slavery activism story as well. Many were radical abolitionists: Angelina Grimké Weld and Sarah Grimké, South Carolina born women who left the south and became immediatist abolitionist speakers and writers, Quaker Minister Lucretia Mott, Harriet Tubman, Mrs. Stanton, Mrs. Bloomer, Sojourner Truth, the ‘notorious’ Fanny Wright, Lydia Maria Child, Susan B. Anthony, who did a stint on the paid agency circuit, a public speaking abolitionist firebrand in her own right, Ernestine Rose, Paulina Wright Davis, Josephine St. Pierre Ruffin. An extraordinary number of these women were either from upstate New York, were active here, spoke here, or chose, like Harriet Tubman, to settle in this region. They wove a 19th century web, an internet of allies and families. Imagine a great web from Maine to Philadelphia, encompassing Boston, New York City, and spanning west to the Ohio Valley and Michigan. They had no telephones, no radios, and no electronic communication. They did write voluminously, letters to one another, to newspapers, to conventions and gatherings. When anti-slavery activists began to speak at meetings, their words were written down, published and passed along. Those who were not literate such as Sojourner Truth and Harriet Tubman were read to by friends, relatives, and in later years as African-American literacy expanded, often by children. Martha Coffin Wright...
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...Script a conversation between two notable women from the 18th and/or 19th century on the roles women should play in society. 1. Biographical information for each woman Betsy Ross was born Elizabeth Griscom to Samuel Griscom and the former Rebecca James in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, on January 1, 1752, the eighth of seventeen children. She grew up in a household where the plain dress and strict discipline of the Society of Friends dominated her life. She learned to sew from her great-aunt Sarah Elizabeth Ann Griscom. Her great-grandfather Andrew Griscom, a Quaker carpenter, emigrated in 1680 from England (www.biography.com). Like her sisters, she attended Quaker schools and learned sewing and other crafts common in her day. After Betsy completed her schooling, her father apprenticed her to a local upholsterer, where at age 17 she met John Ross, an Anglican. The two young apprentices quickly fell for one another, but Betsy was a Quaker, and the act of marrying outside of one's religion was strictly off-limits. To the shock of their families, Betsy and John married in 1772, and she was promptly expelled from both her family and the Friends meeting house in Philadelphia that served as a place of worship for Quakers. Eventually, the couple opened their own upholstery business, drawing on Betsy's deft needlework skills. Betsy Ross is best known for making the first American flag. Betsy died on January 30, 1836, at the age of 84. Susan B. Anthony was born February 15, 1820 in Adams...
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...Debate 1: The Industrial Revolution in England from the 18th to the 19th century was a benefit to the English working class. By: 1. Dhakshani Dharmadeva (2614) 2. Dinu Siriwardana (2971) 3. Melani Mallawarachchi (2950) The Industrial Revolution in England from the 18th to the 19th century was NOT a benefit to the English working class. Industrial revolution was a period of major industrialization that took place during the late 1700s and early 1800s. The Industrial Revolution, beginning in Great Britain, quickly spread throughout the world. This time period saw the mechanization of agriculture, textile manufacturing, a revolution in power such as steam ships and railroads, and had a massive effect on social, cultural and economic conditions. We learned that industrial production increased tremendously, bringing wealth and power to Great Britain throughout the 19th century. But it’s time to consider its effects on people, we have yet to explore the effects of industrialization on society, on the daily living and the working conditions of common people. What was life like for the average industrial worker? Was living in a new industrial city and working in a factory an improvement over life in the countryside? Did the new factory life change for the better the roles of family members, including women and children? Were people healthier? In general, did the Industrial...
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...Women’s Roles During the Industrial Revolution During the course of the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, the Industrial revolution transformed Western Europe and the United States introducing origins of machinery in the cotton textile industries. However during this time, non-industrial wage labor increased, more children were being forced to work, urban cities grew, and the commercial agriculture from farms transformed into a labor market. Although, it was not only these economic developments being impacted that made the time of the Industrial Revolution significant; changes in family life also occurred, particularly speaking the decline of family size and increase of life expectancy. Therefore, there was a greater role for women in the labor force, allowing them to compete in contemporary politics and reform activities. Dependent on beginning of the transatlantic movement of British immigrants and their technology, the Industrial Revolution in the United States moved forward allowing the textile industry to expand. Long after the American Revolution showed signs of advantage in the marketplace, a flood of British exports took over, replicating inventions from English manufacturers. One of the first inventions reconstructed would be the first permanent cotton spinning mill and an Arkwright water frame restored by Samuel Slater under sponsorship of former merchants William Almy and Moses Brown. With the leadership of Slater, Almy and Brown they expanded a firm in machine...
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...Territorial expansion of the United States in the 19th century affected the lives of all Americans in different ways. There was hope, prosperity, and opportunity in the eyes of many, while the livelihood, history, and culture of others was systematically oppressed. Westward expansion began with the Market Revoultion in 1815 (The West, slide 6). Americans began industrializing the country and expressed a desire to acquire new land to settle. Through hard work in settling new lands, Americans would experience social mobility and economic growth. Consequently, Free Labor ideology was born and the Homestead Act of 1862 was passed into law. The idea behind the Homestead Act was to give 150 acres of land to any citizen who would live, farm, and...
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...in 20th Century Cuba Katie Wang UCLA Professor Wright-Dixon I. Introduction Coalitions through marriage is a long understood concept. Kingdom alliances through marriages are ones that first come to mind. Often fictional portrayals of real pressures for pressures to gain resources or military alliance for a capital or imperial need involve young princes and princesses who are forced to marry. However, in a nonfictional example for this paper, Chinese indentured laborers or former indentured laborers and African slaves or former slaves married in 19th century Cuba both romantically and strategically. I argue that there needs to be further research around Afro-Chinese marriages in Cuba and a recentering on women. I had originally planned to center this paper around African slave women who married Chinese men in Cuba in the 19th century but was not able to because of the lack of literature available. However, I aim to focus on a reading against the grain for indications of women’s agency and voice in this set of literature. My personal stakes in this topic are two-fold. First, my mother’s side of my family lived in Cuba for a few decades from the late 1920s to 1960 as a part of an entrepreneurial endeavor and as refuge from persecution from the Communist Party of China. Because of my personal tie to Chinese in Cuba, I seek to uncover untold stories and hidden transcripts. Second, this paper is a part of a larger project on Chinese in Cuba in the 20th century, specifically...
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...going on since before the civil war. The civil war was a war fought between the Union ( North ) and the Confederate side (South) from 1861-1865 about mostly slavery. During the civil war, only men were allowed to fight, which frustrated many women. Women wanted to be alongside men fighting, but could not because of their domestic responsibilities such as cooking and cleaning. And the fact that a lady wanted to do a man's job that was demanding of her was extremely controversial. However, many women took this risk and took a very involved role in the war. Women’s involvement in the civil war created a push for women's rights by taking women out of the home, breaking down gender roles, and creating more opportunities. Before the war women were obligated to do household jobs like taking care of the kids, doing laundry, etc…...
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...Cady Stanton, and Ida B. Wells-Barnett. Their perspectives on women, class, and race were in opposition to one another, yet they both share some common views on white male dominance of 19th century America. Status of Women in the 19th Century The industrialization of the 19th century brought change to the world of women. One significant impact during this time was the formation of socioeconomic classes. The distinction was made between the middle class, the working class and much poorer classes. Regardless of social class, women's focus on spousal relationships, childrearing, personal fulfillment, and relationships with other women was affected by 19th century change. Industrialization left women in control of the domestic domain, thus affecting her role as a woman (Woloch, (2002) p72). The power and responsibility that came along with this new status would be dictated by the middle-class lifestyle. Unfortunately this new focus was not easily attained by working class women. "Most women, moreover, were only remote beneficiaries of or untouched by the social changes being affected by the Industrial Revolution. “ In rural areas, on farms North and South, and on the frontier, traditional ways of life persisted (Woloch, (2002) p72)." Generally, women and children continued to be part of the "family labor force" under the authority of the male head of household. The new sphere of influence experienced by some women was limited to those who had their own money, or were attached...
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...and with the debates on slavery and popular sovereignty, he lived through the Civil War, and he lived through manifest destiny. The debate on slavery during the 1800’s deeply influenced Twain personally and in his literary works. Consequently Mark Twain greatly influenced later writers by his creation of a unique American style. The 19th and 20th centuries were full of controversy surrounding slavery. In the American south most of the residents were in favor of the continuation of using African Americans...
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...why and how women are oppressed. It is a vision of a society where women are liberated and sex role stereotypes are no more. It is also a conviction that oppression of women is a contradiction in society. Women feminists fought for their right to not be property, rights to their inheritance, rights to an education and to a religion that was not patriarchal. Even though feminism had been seen for quite some time, the actual term "feminist" was not first used until 1912. "The modern feminist movement began a as result of sweeping social, political and industrial changes in Europe and the United States" (Conger). Many suffragists did not refer to themselves as feminists. They advocated only for voting rights, not complete equality. Oppression as an Obstacle for Women Women advocated against a mindset, an entire system of socialization. "Women were socialized, both in their minds and in the minds of men, that their sole role in society was reproduction" (Fisher). "The average married female gave birth to seven children" (Conger). If a woman was engaging in public activities then "she was ignoring her biological weaknesses - a smaller brain and a more fragile physique - which she was supposed to protect in order to ensure her reproductive abilities" (Krolokke, 5). Women had little control over their life. Women were considered to be property of either their fathers or husbands. Women's value and role in society was framed as the "question of women". The question...
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...Final Capstone Project Sam Hunt CRJ 422 Instructor Bob Carthio February 20, 2016 Final Capstone Project In the 19th Century the United States government abolished slavery, but for many years now and even currently within our country we are facing a major crisis. This crisis is in the form of modern day slavery, which is also referred to as human trafficking. Human trafficking comes in several forms and it can in many ways be a hidden problem within our country that many people do not see on a day to day basis. Many people may not ever actually see the problem of human trafficking at all in their lifetime. Human trafficking has many different effects on its victims, but the most damaging effect caused by human trafficking is the psychological effects that can last a lifetime and can cause many future problems, such as being able to function properly and being able to trust others again after their terrible experience. Basically to be able to summarize the issue of human trafficking, we must first take a look at what exactly human trafficking is. Human trafficking is in its most basic form an aspect of modern day slavery as we would compare it to. According to the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (2000), human trafficking is, “Trafficking in persons as the recruitment, transportation, transfer, harboring or receipt of persons, by means of the threat or use of force or other forms of coercion, of abduction, of fraud, of deception, of the abuse...
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...The Second Great Awakening was an explosion of religious fervor in the 19th century. It was one of the most important social religious and cultural aspects in the United States. During that time, many people had conversion experiences and they want to change their ways to become a more religious individual and give up their ways as sinners. Many people joined churches and particularly women. The Second Awakening lasted around 1970 to 1850. There are many factors that lead to the Second Great Awakening, such as, Market Revolution and Preachers trying to convert people. In addition, there are also consequences of the Second Great Awakening, such as, religious experimentation and Reform movements. One of the causes that lead to the Second Great Awakening was that preachers “circuit riders” would create camp meetings in the frontiers and they would gather thousands of people to listen to them preach. These preachers would attempt to convert the audiences to a more active and particularly evangelical form of Christianity. Two of the famous preachers were Lyman Beecher and Charles Grandison Finney and they both didn’t get along with each other because Finney approved of women preaching in public which was forbidden...
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...Caryl Phillips is concerned with the issue of racial discrimination specifically against the enslaved blacks during the period of slavery. Racial discriminatory practices manifested itself in the form of physical and psychological abuse, and the suppression of their voice. The novel “Cambridge” was written by British- Caribbean novelist, Caryl Phillips in 1991. Phillips was born in St. Kitts in 1958, and settled in Leeds, England with his parents as a toddler. The story is set on a nineteenth century Caribbean plantation. Phillips focuses the novel on the issue of slavery. Slavery lasted from the mid 15th century to the late 19th century. The middle passage is the transportation of Africans to the Caribbean where they were to be enslaved. Africans were chained below decks and brought up once a day to exercise. Conditions below decks were disreputable as slaves were packed very closely below deck. It is estimated that 48,000 Africans were imported to the British Caribbean for sale by the 1790’s. The historical context of slavery as highlighted in the novel reveals the harsh and inhumane nature of the system of slavery. In addition, the author also reveals the complexity of master/ slave relationships during the period. White men typically engaged in forced sexual intercourse with the wives of the enslaved African men. The Europeans enforced slave codes to disrupt and discourage the development of slave families and communication among slaves until the 1823 Amelioration Act was...
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...As American politics and the American Economy went through radical transformation periods during the Mid-19th century, so did the American social landscape. Campaigns for social reform began popping up all over America, with Ralph Waldo Emerson stating that there was not “a reading man who was without some scheme for a new utopia in his waistcoat pocket”. As the nation progressed through the 19th century reform movements attempted to, and sometimes succeeded at, reviving religion with religious reformation and the Second Great Awakening, moving away from materialism and greed, and addressing the multiple human rights issues going on in America at the time. Reformation in America started with religion and the religious revival movement of the Second Great Awakening. In the early 1800’s, America was beginning to show signs of going through an intense period of religious rejection and anticlericalism especially with the widely circulated book by...
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