INDUSTRIAL TRAINING FROM TATA CMC, JAMMU
ON
EMBEDDED SYSTEMS.

Submitted in the partial fulfilment of requirement for the award of degree of

Bachelor of Engineering
In
Electronics and Communication Engineering

Submitted By
Ashish Gupta
258/12
Under the guidance of Ms. Sonika Mahajan IT Guide

Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering
Mahant Bachittar Singh College of Engineering and Technology, Jammu
2015

CERTIFICATE

i

DECLARATION

I hereby declare that the Seminar Report entitled “EMBEDDED SYSTEMS” is an authentic record of my own work carried out as requirement for the award of degree of B.E. (E&C) of Mahant Bachittar Singh College of Engineering & Technology, Jammu.

Date: ................ Ashish Gupta 258/12

Certified that the above statement made by the student is correct to the best of my knowledge and belief.

Ms. Sonika Mahajan Ms. Neha Gupta Ms. Shalini Sharma IT Guide IT Coordinator HoD, ECE Deptt.

ii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

It is my privilege to express my sincerest regards to my project coordinator, Ms.NEHA GUPTA for her valuable inputs, able guidance,encouragement, whole-hearted cooperation and constructive criticism throughout the duration of my project.
I deeply express my sincere thanks to my Head of Department Ms.SHALINI SHARMA for encouraging and allowing me to present the project on the topic “EMBEDDED SYSTEM “at my department premises for the partial fulfillment of the requirements leading to the award of B-Tech degree.I take this opportunity to thank all my lecturers who have directly or indirectly helped my project. I pay my respects and love to my parents and all other family members and friends for their love and encouragement through out my career. Last but not the least I express my thanks to my friends for their cooperation and support.

ASHISH GUPTA 258/12

iii
ABSTRACT

My experiences:

With the completion of this training, I am now aware of the Microcontroller 8051. I have worked for six complete weeks in the Embedded systems. I have worked almost as an engineer to the extent of my technical capabilities. Doing all these, I have acquired a lot of knowledge about the working of Microcontroller with Embedded C Programming and its Softwares (Keil u vision).
I was the part of one of the most happening and demanding field of electronics i.e. 8051 Microcontroller started byand spending six weeks into it really proved very useful to me and I have gained a lot out of it : 1 I got the knowledge of uC 8051 (Harward Architecture & Cisc type). 1 I worked practically on the softwares Keil u vision. 1 I worked practically which helped me in being more familiar to the interfacing of different display devices which I am supposed to do in the long run. 1 I learned basic concepts of electronics which helped me to understand more. 1 Training helped me increasing my working skills and the knowledge in this field and also showed me the atmosphere that we have to join after completion of the degree program.

Finally, the main advantage of this training was that it has now enabled me to explore myself in the giant software industry.

iv
CONTENTS
Page No. Certificate i Declaration ii Acknowledgement iii Abstract iv
List of Figures vii
List of Tables viii 1. EMBEDDED SYSTEMS 10 1.1 What are Embedded Systems? 10 1.2 Classification of Embedded Systems 11 1.3 Embedded System Composition 12 1.4 Embedded System Components 13 1.5 Von-Neumann Architecture 13 1.6 Harward Architecture 14 1.7 Examples of Embedded Systems 14

1 COMPONENTS OF A COMPUTER SYSTEM 15 2.8 Types of Computer 15 2.9 CPU 16 2.2.1 Clock Speed 16 2.1.2 Word Size 16 2.1.3 Bus Size 17 2.2.4 Instruction Set 17 2.1 Memory 17 2.3.1 Main Memory 17 2.2.4 Random Access Memory 18 2.2.5 Read Only Memory 18 2.2.6 Programmable Read Only Memory 18 2.2.7 Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory 18 2.2.8 Flash EPROM 19 2.2.9 Cache Memory 19 2.2.10 Virtual Memory 20 2.2.11 Auxiliary Storage 20

v 2 ‘C’ LANGUAGE 21 3.2 Machine Language through High level Languages and C 21 3.1.1 Language Processing System 23 3.1 C Data Types 24 3.2 Data Modifiers 25 3.3 Control Flow Statements 25 3.4 Call by Value and Call by Reference 26 3.5 Arrays 26 3.6 Pointers 26 3.7 Sorting Algorithm 27 3.8.2 Bubble Sort 27 3.8.3 Insertion Sort 28 3.8.4 Selection Sort 28 3.8.5 Quick Sort 28 3 8051 MICROCONTROLLER 29
4.1 Features 30
4.2 8051 Architecture 31
4.2.1 Pin Configuration 32
4.2.2 Memory Organisation 35
4.3 Instruction Set 38
4.4 Addressing Modes 38

4 8051 DEVELOPEMENT BOARD 39
5.1 Instructions 39
5.2 Parts Description and Connections with Atmel 39
5.3 Features 42

5 REAL TIME CLOCK DS1307(RTC) 42 6.8 Features 42

6 LIQUID CRYSTAL DISPLAY(LCD) 44 7.1 Hardware configuration 45 7.2 Pin Detail 46 7 STEPPER MOTOR 48

Biblography ix vi LIST OF FIGURES Fig. No. Description Page No. 1.1 Embedded Systems 10 1.2 Embedded System Composition 12 1.3 Von-Neumann Architecture 13 1.4 Hardware Architecture 13 2.1 Components Of Computer System 15 2.2 CPU 16 2.3 Cache Memory 19 2.4 Virtual Memory 20 3.1 Conversion Of Program Into Machine Language 22 3.2 Language Processing System 23 4.1 Microcontroller Based System 29 4.2 8051 Architecture 31 4.3 Pin Configuration Of AT89C51 32 4.4 Special Feature Register 36 5.1 8085 Development Board 39

vii
LIST OF TABLES

Table No. Description Page No. 3.1 C Data Types 24 7.1 Hardware Configuration 45 Of LCD 7.2 Pin Details Of LCD 46

viii