...Christina Glenn Sociology 10:15 Mary Hewitt Extra Credit Freedom Riders Extra Credit On May 4, 1961 a group of seven blacks, and six whites from the group C.O.R.E. (Congress of Racial Equality) boarded two buses in Washington DC. They planned to travel to New Orleans, Louisiana with the intentions of testing the Supreme Court’s ruling in Boynton v. Virginia which declared segregation in interstate bus and rail stations unconstitutional. The riders were a peaceful, loving group of people wanting to bring justice and freedom to the South. Initially, the riders encountered minor hostility. However, the deeper south they travelled, they were met with hostility. The police chief of Birmingham, Bull Connor saw the Freedom Ride as a challenge to his authority in the city. He ordered his officers to look the other way, while one bus of riders was severely beaten and the other bus was burned after being attacked by several dozen whites. Eventually, with the intervention of the U.S. Justice Department, most of CORE's Freedom Riders were evacuated from Birmingham, Alabama to New Orleans. The freedom riders played a pivotal role in the civil rights movement. While Rosa Parks may have initiated equal rights back in 1955, the freedom riders took it to the next level. They brought racism in the United States to the attention of the entire world. When news of The Freedom Riders stories hit the newspapers, and airway, it showed other countries the injustices that were put on African-American...
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...The general population transport and convenience dominated instruction endeavors to make joining in different zones, yet moves against isolation in broad daylight transportation did pick up more extensive notification. In 1955 to 1956, after Rosa Parks dark lady who decline to give her seat to a white man, suffuse Dr. Lord to lead demographic blacks in Montgomery, Alabama in a blacklist against the metropolitan transport framework. The blacklist was conveyed to a fruitful conclusion when, on November 13, 1956, the Supreme Court invalidated the laws of Alabama and the regulation of Montgomery that required isolation on transports mixing gatherings of whites and blacks, called Freedom Riders. In May, 1961, attempted a battle to constrain reconciliation in transport terminals and challenge isolation in neighborhood interstate travel offices. In Anniston, Alabama, the crowds assaulted the transports wrecking them with firebombs. There were mobs in Birmingham and Montgomery when blacks endeavored to utilize...
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...BBB Period N 18 March 2013 Freedom Riders Backlash The Freedom Riders strive through a journey of hardships to have their point accepted by others, which was bus desegregation. Through the journey the Freedom Rides took some obstacles that affected them physically and mentally. They fought threw times like the downfalls that their movement brought and the mobs that greeted them in every state. The mobs were verbally and physically violent towards the Freedom Riders more than a few times while their movement went on. The Freedom Riders went through a devastating downfall through their movement. In May of 1961, the Greyhound carried the Freedom Riders into South Carolina where, like Carson’s article “SNCC” describes, “…John Lewis was the first to be hit as he approached the white waiting room” (SNCC 1). This was a downfall because they were trapped and injured, not being able to move on in their movement. The “MLKJ Research and Education Institute” stated that, “[…] from the attack of Lewis and another rider, the arrest of one participant attracted media coverage.” (MLKJ 1). Their arrival in South Carolina brought an impact on their movement; it began to be shown from each state. As the Freedom Riders rode into Alabama, a furious mob crowded the Greyhound bus and sent it into flames without care for the people inside. The mob surrounded the bus and locked them inside. In Carmichael Stokleys “Freedom Riders”, she states that the Freedom Riders continued to fight for their...
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...Freedom Riders John Smith HIS/145 September 17, 2014 Freedom Riders Journal entry December 12th 1961: It has been difficult living in the era that we do. Being an African American in Alabama is not the life I had envisioned for myself. The benefit of going to college, which is handed to white people, is often unobtainable for the black person. I have always known I was destined to do something more with my life. The Jim Crowe laws constantly remind me that I am not an equal to those around me. Last year 1960, the Supreme Court ruled that those very laws are illegal. Shortly after those rulings my sister took part in a sit-in at a drug store, which led to that store changing its policy. Later she met Ella Baker an SCLC activist and was invited to a conference at Shaw University in Raleigh in April 1960. That conference led to the creation of the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee. That committee took nonviolent actions ever more forward by organizing freedom rides. This was a direct challenge of segregation on interstate busses as the Constitution protected interstate commerce. Inspired by my sister’s actions I have made up my mind to join those people. To stand up and stand out in order to see that discrimination comes to an end. There are some 400 freedom riders putting the Supreme Court ruling to the test. We often go in inter-racial teams from somewhere North in to the Segregated South. Essentially backed by Boynton v. Virginia, (1960) ruling that segregation...
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...A Freedom Rider May fourth nineteen hundred and sixty-one, I signed my life away last night; not for the army, not for the new peace corp, not even for my country. I signed it away for it's people. Yes, not it's whites, not it's blacks but it's PEOPLE! As I sit on this bus I think about the Jim Crows Laws. I cringe at the illustration in my head of some clown-faced man dancing, hooting and hollering, around and poking fun at my fellow travelers ("United States History", n.d.). We all signed our lives away. We are prepared to push the boundaries and limits of the law. They think they can do what they want. They aren't above the law! I'm prepared to give my life, a white life for OUR cause. OUR CAUSE! This affects us all. I am a daughter of the movement to unite us all! Washington D.C. is a long way from New Orleans and I don't expect this to be an easy road. I believe I am more hated than the man next to me. I am a white empathizer, a “nigger lover” they scream as they spit in my face and blacken my eyes. I'm okay with this because in my eyes, being of color is better than being ignorant any day! What the racist white man doesn't see is the dominos will fall and he will lose! Soon he will be forced to serve a black man at a diner and call him Sir, and then a woman and call her ma'am. Oh how their egos will fall. I can't say I'm not scared, many state lines to cross, but I have to stand for what I know is right. RIGHTS! I have the right as a white woman...
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...own discriminatory laws instead of those of the federal government, withholding the rights long fought for by African Americans. The Freedom Riders, through simply riding the buses as was their constitutional right, forced the cities of the South to give them, and all other people, those rights. Starting with just one Greyhound bus leaving Washington, D.C. on May 4th, 1961, the Congress of Racial Equality (CORE) began their “Freedom Rides”: Buses consisting of both blacks and whites riding across several major southern cities, ending, originally, in New Orleans, Louisiana on the 7th anniversary of the Brown v. Board of Education decision, May 17th, 1961. The rides, however, did not go as planned. A few of the Freedom Riders were attacked in Rock Hill, South Carolina, leading the Riders to split their group in two the next day: one half riding a Trailways bus and the other...
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...Diary of a Freedom Rider Headed to New Orleans In 1960 Diary of a Freedom Rider leaving Washington headed to New Orleans and what they had to endure during this very difficult and violent time, even though a law had been passed prohibiting segregation. In the spring of 1961, the Congress of Racial Equality (CORE) sponsored “freedom rides.” Groups of black and white travelers rode through the South deliberately entering segregated bus terminals and restaurants. Local mobs often attacked the “freedom riders. (Moss & Thomas, 2013) The CORE organized a dozen activists who were paired into two interracial sets of Freedom Riders which traveled by Greyhound and Trailways buses traveling from Washington D.C. to New Orleans, Louisiana. The Freedom Riders left Washington on May 4, 1961 and traveled without any problems across Virginia and North Carolina. They began encountering violence for the first time at a bus terminal in Rock Hill, South Carolina, several white males beat black riders whom attempted to use a “whites only” restroom. The Freedom Riders continued their travels and crossed into Georgia without incident. The activists reached Alabama on May 14th and the attacks worsen, a mob met the Greyhound riders in Anniston, rocks were thrown and bus tires were slashed. The bus driver managed to drive the bus a few miles out of town. While the bus was stopped for repair of the tires, white supremacists firebombed the bus which ended that groups Freedom Ride. Freedom...
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...blocked a Greyhound bus carrying black and white passengers through rural Alabama. The attackers pelted the vehicle with rocks and bricks, slashed tires, smashed windows with pipes and axes, and lobbed a firebomb through a broken window. The Freedom Riders were a group of civil rights activists who challenged segregation and discrimination in the American South during the 1960s. This diverse group of individuals, including black and white Americans, traveled by bus throughout the South to protest racial segregation on public transportation and in other areas of society. Their acts of nonviolent protest brought national attention to the issue of civil rights and played a key role in the desegregation of public facilities. The Freedom Riders' bravery, determination, and...
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...Page 1- The Freedom Riders were a group of 7 African American people and 6 whites that protested against racial segregation. Most of the riders were college students and members of the CORE which stands for Congress of racial Equality. The CORE was founded in the early 1960s which focused on political idea of black national and separatism. Another great organization is the SNCC which stands for Student of Nonviolence Coordinating Committee. The SNCC was founded in April 1960 by young kids that were involved in the sit-ins that were beaten. Page-2 On May 4 1961 the freedom rides started in Washington DC and they also went through Mississippi, Georgia, Alabama, New Orleans and Louisiana and through time they improved their numbers by having...
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...Gadson ETH/316 October 17, 2012 Brittany Diggs The Responsibility Project The film viewed is based on the freedom riders. The freedom riders were people who used interstate transportation to oppose the segregation laws in the south. This film showed two different organizational issues. The issues in the film are important, and as a result some of these issues affected the outcome of history. The social pressures of this film impacted the strength of the organized freedom riders and what they desired to accomplish. The outcome of what could happen to people if they participated in this movement affected the organization and their personal decision who got involved. The legal and ethical responsibility of police are both enforced and disregarded in this film. The two organizational issue facing this period were the freedom riders who opposed racism, and the police enforcing the Jim Crow laws and upholding racism. The two organizations had very different views during this movement. The freedom riders cause was clearly stated, and people defending desegregation and equality took action. Segregation during this period, in the south, was highly enforced. The freedom riders used song to communicate and strengthen their spirits. They received mistreatment from authorities because they would not allow their spirits to be broken. The police at this time felt the riders came down to cause trouble. Their organization issue was to stop the desegregation of blacks. They felt anyone who...
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...railways was declared unconstitutional by the Supreme Court”) (Freedom Riders http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/USAfreedomR.htm). In 1954 there was a similar judgment with inter-state buses. The Deep South kept their segregation policies involving whites sitting in the front of the bus, and blacks sitting closest to the front having to give up their seats to whites. African Americans were punished if they did not abide by the transport segregation policies. They were fined and arrested. Martin Luther King JR helped organize a protest against bus segregation after Rosa Parks was arrested in 1955 for not giving up her seat to a white man. This protest involved a bus boycott which involved African Americans not ride any bus unless it was integrated Martin Luther King JRs house was fire bombed he was arrested due to this protest and boycott. Anyone that was involved in this boycott was intimidated and harassed, but none of this stopped the boycott. The Montgomery bus company was forced by the Supreme Court to accept integration on their busses after the 13 month boycott. In 1961 The Congress of Racial Equality formed the Free Rides. The Freedom Riders which consist of black and white volunteers began their journey through the Deep South on May 4th, 1961 stopping at “white” only restaurants. On May 14th one of their buses was fired-bombed and the Freedom Riders were attacked by an angry mob. During the Freedom Riders travel through the South Attorney General Robert Kennedy and...
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...The Freedom Rides in the U.S were one of the many events that further inspired Indigenous Australian activists and protesters to replicate events of their fellow activists in the U.S in Australia to bring equality to Indigenous Australian. . A major example of this are the Freedom Rides that took place in the segregated Southern States of the U.S that later took place in the rural state of NSW led by Charles Perkin and fellow student Jim Spiglem. He had led many peaceful protests around Australia for a push for recognition and equality for Indigenous Australians. Role of the media was a major one throughout the push for indigenous equality as well as for African Americans especially as the media gave large exposure of the injustices against the African-Americans and the Aborigines. This brought a big opportunity for the Indigenous Australians to surge in their cause for land rights and recognition of their ownership of the land. The freedom rides of the U.S were a enormous factor in bringing a push for activism, equality, recognition and peaceful protest for Indigenous Australians. This thesis will be further backed through the body paragraphs about the 1961 US Freedom Rides, the influence on Australian freedom rides and other peaceful protests and the influence on Aboriginal activism and Recognition. On May 4, 1961, a group of 13 African-American and white civil rights activists launched the Freedom Rides, a series of bus trips through the American South to protest segregation...
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...What role do external social pressures have in influencing organizational ethics? • How might these issues be relevant to organizational and personal decisions? • What is the relationship between legal and ethical issues as shown in the film? Format your paper consistent with APA guidelines. The Freedom Riders Film - The Young Witness http://responsibility-project.libertymutual.com/films/freedom-riders-vol-1#fbid=9wgq-FoiKSY I choose my paper on The Freedom Riders, which is about the powerful harrowing and ultimately inspirational story of six months in 1961 that changed America forever. From May until November 1961, more than 400 black and white Americans risked their lives; many endured savage beatings and imprisonment for simply traveling together on buses and trains as they journeyed through the Deep South. Deliberately violating Jim Crow laws, the Freedom Riders met with bitter racism and mob violence along the way, sorely testing their belief in nonviolent activism. I choose The Freedom Riders Film, The Young Witness which is about the response of one young Southerner to her community's violent confrontation with the Freedom Riders in May 1961. Janie Forsyth, a 12-year-old girl living on the outskirts of Anniston, Alabama, was moved to assist...
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...Motorcycles do not provide the riders with the outer protection that cars provide; therefore, when one crashes, the results are usually much more serious. Injuries to the head are responsible for the majority of fatalities when dealing with motorcycle crashes many of which could have been prevented had the rider been wearing a helmet. For this reason, some states have adopted the motorcycle helmet law. This law has created a great deal of controversy. One side supports the law and another side argues that the law is unconstitutional and it violates our right to freedom. The motorcycle law to wear helmets should be banned because the helmet impairs the rider’s peripheral vision, impairs the rider’s hearing, and the helmet violates a rider’s freedom of choice. The motorcycle law to wear helmets should be banned because some helmets will affect the rider’s vision. When a motorcyclist wears a helmet, the rider’s peripheral vision can be decreased by the helmet. With losing any part of the riders peripheral vision can be very dangerous for the rider and their passengers. A study done by McKnight, (2007) found that a rider wearing a full faced helmet has to rotate his or her head an additional 18 degrees more, so the rider can be aware of their surroundings. If the rider fails to compensate for wearing the helmet, the rider is putting themself in a higher risk of being involved in an accident. Not only do helmets limit a rider’s vision but they also limit the riders hearing. While riding...
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...A Freedom Rider De’Shunda L. Davis-Brown HIS/145 The American Experience Since 1945 December 15, 2014 Instructor: James Green Looking back to 1960 and 1961, I am reminded of a time of fear, despair, inequality as well as accomplishment. Being an African American was hard during those times, but, as an activist and active part of the change seen today in 2014, I am proud to say I was a tremendous part of the Civil Rights Movement. Patterned after a 1947 Congress of Racial Equality (CORE) project known as the Journey of Reconciliation, the Freedom Rides began in early May with a single group of thirteen Riders recruited and trained by CORE’s national staff. We were a diverse group of volunteers, black and white, young and old, male and female, secular and religious, Northerners and Southerners (Arsenault, 2006). In 1960, the US Supreme Court expanded upon previous rulings and declared segregation in bus terminals, waiting rooms, restaurants, restrooms, and other interstate travel facilities unconstitutional. A year later, SNCC joined forces with the Congress of Racial Equality (CORE) in an effort to test the will of local and federal officials to enforce the new legal decisions. Black and white “Freedom Riders” (as we called ourselves) traveled together on bus rides into the Deep South. During these rides, we challenged the government to protect participants from mobs of Klansmen (members of the Ku Klux Klan) and violent segregationists. In 1961 CORE undertook a new...
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