...Outline future options for Melbourne’s water resource Abstract Melbourne’s water reserves in the past 10 years have been exhausted; meanwhile climate change predictions indicate the pressure of water lack will be increasingly serious (Howe et.al 2005). This problem is not just for Melbourne, Australia and many other parts of the world also face to the water shortage problem. Since there is a grave water shortage in Melbourne, the policy of sustainable water management is becoming very important. In order to prevent further deterioration of water shortage in the future, the Victorian Government made a series of countermeasures. There are several projects to solve the scarcity of water problem in the future and work out Melbourne’s future water supply needs, such as water restriction in Melbourne; spending nearly 2 billion dollars to build one of the world’s biggest water desalination plants at South Melbourne; building catchment to collect and feed rain into eight of Melbourne’s reservoirs and protecting the water catchment area; establishing two large sewage treatment plants in east and west Melbourne. The other countries also did a lot to protect water resource such as Singapore used nearly half of the national area to build water reservoir; Moscow had developed high technology for Sewage treatment system. The Victorian Government dedicated in long-term water management to protect water security and in responding to Victoria's...
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...Water Scenario: Past, Present and Future of Pakistan By: Muhammed Zafir Zia Per capita availability of surface water in Pakistan is gradually dwindling from 5300 cubic meter in 1951 to 1000 cubic meters in 2005 and is projected to hit less than 1000 cubic meters making Pakistan a water short country Of all the major problems, water crisis is the one that lies at the heart of our survival and that of our planet. Experts project that the global water crisis will reach unprecedented levels in the years ahead in many parts of the developing world. The years ahead predict the threat of looming water wars between countries. According to figures published by the United Nations & other international organizations, 1.1bn people are without a sufficient access to water, and 2.4bn people have to live without adequate sanitation. Under current trends, the prognosis is that about 3bn people of a population of 8.5bn will suffer from water shortage by 2025. 83% of them will live in developing countries, mostly in rural areas where even today sometimes only 20% of the populations have access to a sufficient water supply. Fresh drinking water is not only a need of human beings, but equally important for the animals and agriculture throughout the world. This acute water shortage will be responsible in spreading diseases as contaminated water is the sole cause of nearly 80% infectious diseases. Hence the world has to take serious and concrete measures in order to avoid the water...
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...WATER WARS Water is our past. Water is our future. Without it, we cannot survive, and there are no alternatives. Many people have likened the issue of water scarcity to our current economic struggle over petroleum. Without petroleum, we cannot drive our cars, and we may have to walk to school or work. This is not the case for water, as we are not interested in the issue of sustaining life itself. Unfortunately, water scarcity is in the household of our near future. This means that, similarly, petroleum leads to war now, water will lead to war in the near future. There are three main reasons why water scarcity will become one of our most serious problems in the near future. Policies and practices of water management under water scarcity must focus on specific objectives according to the causes of water scarcity. The first reason of poor water management is uncontrolled demand. Today’s world ultimate problem is increasing human population so that the more growing population the more demand for water day by day. However, necessary measures are not taken. Therefore, supply and demand should be make equal by government. The second reason is inequality in water allocation. For example, the world’s water allocation is formed developed countries’ water sources more than to meet their needs but poor and dry countries sources are not to meet the needs. This situation is not fair and should be changed by laws. The third reason of poor water management is lack of effluents treatment and...
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...Antonio Vesselinov Professor Phillip Larson Intro to Geography 101 (Section 1) 11/5/14 Hydrology and Water Supply Issues It’s used to drink, shower, clean, grow food, wash cars, and cook food, but it’s are running out. Northern states do not have the same water supply issues that the southwestern states have, but that does not mean they do not exist. Water is a precious resource that is vital for an organism to survive and creates an habitable environment compared to other planets. However, though earth possesses water there isn’t enough to fulfill the needs of everyone. A large percentage of water on earth is salt water and cannot be used the same way as fresh water. In the southwest region of America there are 30 million people...
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...Zarate Professor Foster English 100 November 21, 2013 “Desalination of Seawater” Water is extremely essential to every human in this world. The scarcity of water has increased in the past decades due to the overpopulation of humans. Today, we found ourselves in a critical stage where most people have not realized the consequences for the future generations. The government is investing economic resources to find innovative methods to produce fresh water. The process that removes salt from sea waters is the desalination of sea waters to breed freshwater. This process of converting seawater to clean water has caused an answer too many countries. Countries from the Middle East where there is a massive crisis of clean water, they are recurring to this cost-effective process to the solution of the water crisis. Humans cannot drink salty water, but saline water can be made into freshwater, which people need every day to live. The process is called desalination, and as the lack of fresh water grow more countries will use it to provide drinking water. Fresh water will be in short supply in some part of the United States and the world. As the population continues to grow, the lack of fresh water will appear more frequently. In many desert regions of the world including United States, the drought of fresh water resources has been critical, and it will be increasingly influential in the future. The water problem needs to be considered seriously as fossil energy resources to continue the...
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...Summary and Response Have you seen the movie Wall-E? That movie is our future generation’s world. If you haven’t seen the movie it is about our world in which it is being destroyed. In Chip Ward’s “Letter of Apology” (2012), it explains how the human race is destroying the most essential things on earth. It also mentions how bad we want oil, the same oil that we are sucking the earth dry from. We are using all of the oil, the fertile soil is being ruined, and the fresh water is being poisoned. At speed we are going our future generations are not going to have anywhere to live. The world is going to be destroyed. The world has used almost all of the oil supply on unnecessary items. “Rocket fuel, fertilizer, baby bottles, lawn chairs: we made everything and anything out of oil and could never get enough of it” (Ward, 2012). First off, oil is used to fuel vehicles and big machinery but, the world is capable of...
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...CSDs by investing in product development of the other NAB and diversified into the Australian snack food market, complementary food product to NAB B The Aust bottled water manufacturing industry • 2011 fastest growing NAB • Growth stage, increase in per capita consumption • Consumers have become health conscious and change their preference from CSDs to healthier beverages such as water 1. Demand and consumption trends • Total NAB revenue in Aust was over 10b in 2011 • Aust consumed 963 litres of bottled water in 2011 • However it is lower as compared to other similar markets have higher rate of consumption, hence potential for growth • Increasing awareness of the obesity problem in Aust and established focus toward health and wellbeing is ensuring strong future growth for healthy beverages • Introduction of sugar-free or diet CSDs not appealing to older Australians • Bottled water advantages: small sized plastic bottles easier to carry, resealable and has become a fashion accessory. 2. Industry segmentation 2 types still and sparkling water • Still water • 76% consumption, consumed for hydration and thirst satisfaction • Fat free, calorie free thirst quencher • Consumers not satisfied with tap water • Convenience major factor more widespread leisure activities and expansion of travel • Sparkling water • 24% consumption in 2011. • Refreshment berverage when dining out than hrdration. manufacturing costs to carbonate, different closure types to retain carbonation...
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...possible consequences of America’s lack of water conservation? Everyone uses water daily, in homes, in businesses, on lawns, and for consumption. Water is an essential part of all of our lives, without it we would not survive. Our water sources however, cannot say the same. Water that was once plentiful is now in short supply and no one ever stops to think why. We just continue to use and use like our water is limitless. We never think as much as we should about the affects we have on our supply of water. What happens if we continue to waste away the most precious resource we have? Allen, L., & Woelfle-Erskine, C. (2011). FROM LAUNDRY TO LANDSCAPE TAP INTO GREYWATER. Mother Earth News, (247), 73-78. Laura Allen and Cleo Woelfle-Erskine in their article “From laundry to landscape tap into grey water” (2011), suggest that the use of grey water is a cost effective conservation method. They support their suggestion by showing examples of grey water methods , concluding that “grey water use lowers your water bill, and diverting grey water from over loaded or failing septic systems can extend their life” (para3). Their purpose is to show effective grey water usage methods in order to provide people with the knowledge to perform the practices at home. They can really connect by teaching their audience, who can be the normal, everyday, anybody, they reach out to not only people under water shortages but all people who can reuse their water. Dasmann, R. F. (1972). Environmental...
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...whole, are ruining our water supplies for the future. We have continuously flushed whatever we don’t want to deal with into our sewer systems. The toxins, mostly from cleaning supplies and body treatment products are being reintroduced into our water sources. The waste water treatment facilities are efficient in removing the organic waste from the water supply, but they are not active in removing chemicals, and nutrients from the water table. I would like to discuss a few things that everyone should know about our waste water treatment facilities and what we can do to protect ourselves from being poisoned by our tap water. First, I would like to go over a few of the intricacies of our wastewater facility in Chillicothe. Second, I am going to discuss the chemicals, nutrients, and hormones that are occurring in our supply water due to the lack of regulations and filtration of our wastewater facilities. Third, I am going to discuss a few ideas that may aid the problem. Let me begin by first describing the waste water treatment process in our Chillicothe area. The Easterly Chillicothe Waste Water Treatment Facility is the subject of my studies because it affects most of us here today. Waste water is drained into the sewer by everyone living in the eastern side of the city. The sewer is perhaps the most important part of our water system today. This facility is built to handle OWC’s or organic wastewater compounds; it is designed to separate the water from the OWC’s using...
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...consolidation has been occurring but is not expected to continue in the future due to the relatively high market shares held by major competitors. Core operations cover processing and bottling (not retailing). Product segments include CSD (in decline stage), Diet CSD, Fruit Drinks, Milk Drinks, Energy Drinks, Sports Drinks, and Ready to drink coffee/tea. Entry into the snack food market was recently undertaken. 2. What is the current life cycle position of the industry? The Australian Non-Alcoholic Beverage Industry is at the mature stage of its life cycle. Whereas, the bottled water manufacturing industry is currently in growth stage. Major segments of the bottled water industry are still water and sparkling water. 3. What have been the key issues affecting historical and future industry growth? What was their impact or their likely impact and the overall assessment of the industry’s future growth? Key Issues influencing growth, using PESTEL Model (Analysis of industry as a whole including bottled water industry. Trends in broad industry also impact the bottled water industry) FACTOR ISSUE Historical / Future NATURE OF IMPACT (+ / = / -) Politics Import Tariffs – only affects water with additives (less incentive for competitors to enter market) Price of water low compared to other countries H/F H/F Positive Positive Economy Increase consumption per capita (unit of population)(Bottled water) Exports & Imports represent 5% of industry (these figures aren’t...
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...Rainwater Harvesting as an Alternative Water Supply in the Future Che-Ani A.I Correspondence Author Department of Architecture Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM) 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia E-mail: adiirfan@gmail.com Tel: +60389216299; Fax: +60389216841 Shaari N Department of Architecture Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM) 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia A. Sairi Division of Building Control,Department of Engineering Kajang Municipal Council,43300 Kajang Selangor, Malaysia M.F.M. Zain Department of Architecture Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM) 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia M.M. Tahir Department of Architecture Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM) 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia Abstract This paper discuss about the rainwater harvesting system and its implementation in Malaysia as part of the solution proposed by government to avoid water crisis in the future. It first reviewed the scenario of water shortage in Malaysia. In Malaysia, we are blessed with an ample supply of water because of abundant rains. Normally, we received the rainfall averaging around 2400mm for Peninsular Malaysia, 2360mm for Sabah and 3830mm for Sarawak. However, increasing water consumption by our industry, agricultural and household users had made our existing water supply infrastructure strained. Sandakan...
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...(ABL), formerly Australian Soft Drinks Limited is an Australian Public Company which | | | commenced operations in 1937 and listed on the Australian Stock Exchange in 1996. | | | | | | Tom Dwyer the current managing director has been with the company for the past five years. | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Commenced soft drink manufacturing in 1937. | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Bottled Water | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | b. What industry, product segments/markets does ABL operate in? | | | | | | | The food and beverage industry in Australia | | | | | | | | | Industry | | | | | | | | | | | ABL current operates in the food and beverage supply industry in Australia, and hopes to enter into and operate in the Australian bottled water manufacturing industry. | | Markets | | | | | | | | | | | ABL is currently the second largest competitor in the non-alcoholic beverage market in Australia, and has about 40% of the Packaged soft drink market in Australia. | | ABL also recently entered the Snack food market | | | | | | | | Core activities include manufacture and distribution | | | | | | | | Product Segments | | | | | | | | | | | ABL operates in product segments including...
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...WEIR POOL MANIPULATION Management to mimic more natural water levels What are locks and weirs and why were they built? The feasibility of using weirs to introduce water level fluctuations that wetlands and floodplains are dependent upon, is being investigated under the Riverine Recovery Project (RRP). Weirs are structures built along rivers to maintain water levels. Locks enable boats to pass through weirs. During the first half of the 20th century the River Murray was utilised extensively for commercial navigation, carrying agricultural products to markets. At this time the waters of the River Murray also began to be developed for consumptive uses such as irrigation, industry and urban supply. The variable nature of flows in the River Murray made navigation difficult and water supply unreliable. To overcome these problems, schemes to regulate the river were developed. The Commonwealth Government and the states of New South Wales, Victoria and South Australia signed the River Murray Waters Agreement in 1915. This agreement led to the construction of a series of locks, weirs and barrages along the River Murray. The $100 million RRP, part of South Australia’s $610 million Murray Futures program, will take steps to improve the long-term ecological health and resilience of the river, floodplains and wetlands along the River Murray from the South Australian-Victorian border to Wellington. Part of the RRP funding secured is for investigations...
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...WATER CONSERVATION Water is very important content. Without water there is no life in earth. We use water in so many ways in our daily life. Water is a substance which covers ¾ part of the world. It means water is occupying more portion compared to land. But this water is becoming more polluted because of the environmental changes. So it is necessary to conserve the water. It is every one duty to protect the water because everyone uses this water and we the people are making water polluted. Now we may get the doubt how to conserve the water. A few simple changes in home about the water consumption make a vast contribution to water conservation. The basic changes we have to do is stop leaking of water. We have to see whether there is a leakage in our taps. Because of the water leakage taps we can’t protect the water. We can also protect the water by Installing Low-Flow Showerheads. With these we can protect the water because it flows lower. And we won’t use much water with these Low-Flow Showerheads. When we are brushing our teeth or when we are shaving we have to turn off faucets. After completing the work we have to use the water. By this change also we can preserve the water. Using sprinklers for yard is also a good remedy for water conservation. Turn off the water in the shower when shampooing the hair Water will be saved. It is better to replace the new toilets in place of old toilets. These are high efficiency and will use less water. To collect a rain water use a rain...
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...such as air pollution, water pollution, noise pollution, land pollution. It’s an important issue because its more safer and healthier to live in clean environment. Causes and effects Causes and effects of Air Pollution: * Industries * Vehicles and Domestic fuels * High proportion of gases such as: A. Carbon monoxide: produced when carbon do not burn to fossil fuels. Takes away oxygen from the body which leads to headaches, fatigue, and impaired vision. B. Sulfur dioxide: produced when coal and fuel oil are burned. Causes respiratory symptoms and disease, difficulty in breathing which can lead to asthma. C. Nitrogen dioxide: produced when nitric oxide combines with oxygen in the atmosphere. Affects lungs and increases the chance of respiratory infection. D. Ground level ozone: Ozone protects Earth from sun’s harmful UV rays at upper level. While at ground level ozone is harmful toxins formed from car, power, and chemical plant use. In China around 656,000 people die each year because of air pollution. In India, around 527,700 people suffer from air pollution a year. Water Pollution: it can be: A. Point Source : * Waste goods from factories * Waste from sewage system * Waste from power plants * Waste from underground quarries * Waste from oil mines B. Non- Point Source: * when rain or snow moves through the ground and picks up pollutants as it moves towards a major body of water * the runoff of...
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