...values. Among these groups, there is one of the oldest cultures that date back to at least 50,000 years that is known as Aboriginal culture that comprises of practices and ceremonies of the indigenous Australians which due to its depth ,it do play a greater role in influencing the modern Australia. The impacts of social economics are on a deeper level on the indigenous people than it is on the no indigenous person I Australia which means which that Indigenous community my experience difficulties in trying co-exist with other communities and managing their local initiatives. It is witness as there are remote communities that have overcrowded households and lacking lots of basic amenities such a functional toilets, stoves and fridges.there is also a problem of mismanagement of funds due to financial low literacy, lack of back services, and demands to share resources. There is the need to understand how poor living conditions, poor education, poor education, loss of traditional roles and western culture impact impose limitations on the ability of indigenous people to engage in development. From its contribution to the modern communities, the government has to find and formulate policies promoting the social and economic development of the Aboriginal people. All these are with the aim of strengthening the government engagement and partnerships with the aboriginal people since the government is fully aware that without genuine engagement it would be difficult to see any policy succeed...
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...historical moment in Australia’s history occurred. The Referendum of 1967 approved two Australian constitutions concerning about Aboriginals and Torres Straight Islanders. The change of sections 51 and 127 in the Australian constitution allowed Aboriginals to be counted in the national census and the Commonwealth’s right to legislate for Aboriginal Peoples. This was an overwhelming vote with over 90% of Australians voting in the ‘yes’ campaign. The Referendum was an important change for Aboriginals because they would be then accepted as people in their own country, they would then have special laws to protect them from being discriminated, there would be funding towards Aboriginal communities and the Australian community as a whole and they needed the scars to heal from the past. For many decades Aboriginal organisations worked diligently to remove discriminatory references towards Aboriginal peoples. They campaigned all over the country for a constitutional referendum to be held. Finally in 1967 an Australian referendum was held. The referendum did not allow Aboriginal people to vote as this right was already given in 1962. The referendum was not about citizenship nor equal rights. There were several factors that impacted the final outcome of the 1967 Referendum these included: growing families that had accessed to media therefor they were more aware of the arising issue, both political parties approved of the 1967 Referendum, a huge non-Aboriginal community supported the ‘yes’...
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...rights movements in Australia’s history in terms of what it accomplished and what it was for. Wave Hill Station was a large cattle station located almost 600km south of Darwin, and was run by a large British pastoral company named Vesteys. The company employed a large amount of Aboriginal labour on the station, mostly from the Gurindji area. The aboriginal stockmen were payed next to nothing whereas non-aboriginals of the same capacity were payed much more than their aboriginal counterparts. An attempt to introduce equal wages for Aboriginal workers was made in 1965, but in March 1966 the Conciliation and Arbitration Commission decided to delay the attempt till 1968....
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...Mohammed Alabdulwahid Reg Johanson English 103-04 Ode to the joy of yes moments The struggle to create awareness Tears for the sake of joy There have been many negative issues covered in our class throughout this semester. Issues have ranged from social injustices, colonialism, and women’s rights. Some included personal tragedies concerning women of Aboriginal descent living in British Columbia. It has been quite emotional at times to actually read about the struggles that have taken place right here in British Columbia regarding immigrants and Aboriginal people. We even got to meet the author of Mercenary English, Mercedes Eng, in person to make the words of her story really come to life. However, not all of the books we have studied convey negative outlooks of certain problems being faced. There have been positive social changes, personal victories and many moments that make the reader believe things can be made right if an effort is put into it. This research essay will focus on the positive view portrayed in three books studied this semester which include: Mercenary English, Active Geographies-Women and Struggles on the Left Coast and the Unnatural and Accidental Women. The positive themes discussed will display triumphs on a personal level, meaningful change on a social stage and a look at how social activism deeply connects people together. Firstly, Mercenary English has a very unique way of showing social injustice, believed to be carried out in the eyes of its...
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...The novel examines the place of Aboriginal people, in both historical and modern contexts. The Aboriginal people live on a remote island, which is old and ruined. We see them when they are rulers of the land, and more adapted to survival there than the Dutch sailors. We are also shown glimpses of the 19th century, where the Aboriginal people are seen as uncivilized or savage. We see throughout the novel the difficulty of the Aboriginal past including its history told in rock art and passed down in stories. The novel is assembled as a collection of file of letters, news articles, transcripts and diary entries that slowly show Steven’s conflicts and differences, accounts of violent attacks with both Steven Messenger and Jan Pelogrom, and Steven’s disappearance. The history theme is shown by early Australian exploration by the Dutch explorers. Another point is Aboriginal and Australian history. The book is set in the old days when people lived differently to now. The last point is the repetition of history in book and in the actual events that happened with Jan Pelgrom and Wouter Loos, and in the book with Steven Messenger, Nigel Kratzman and Charlie...
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...equality for Indigenous Australians. Role of the media was a major one throughout the push for indigenous equality as well as for African Americans especially as the media gave large exposure of the injustices against the African-Americans and the Aborigines. This brought a big opportunity for the Indigenous Australians to surge in their cause for land rights and recognition of their ownership of the land. The freedom rides of the U.S were a enormous factor in bringing a push for activism, equality, recognition and peaceful protest for Indigenous Australians. This thesis will be further backed through the body paragraphs about the 1961 US Freedom Rides, the influence on Australian freedom rides and other peaceful protests and the influence on Aboriginal activism and Recognition. On May 4, 1961, a group of 13 African-American and white civil rights activists launched the Freedom Rides, a series of bus trips through the American South to protest segregation in interstate bus terminals. Led by CORE Director James Farmer, the 13 riders (seven black, six white) left Washington, DC, on Greyhound and Trail ways buses. Although it had started in 1961 it followed on to other years to challenge the non-enforcement of the United States Supreme Court decisions Irene Morgan v. Commonwealth of Virginia (1946) and Boynton vs. Virginia (1960), which ruled...
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...1. The referendum in 1967 was a significant event in Australian history that allowed the Government to change the Constitution so it could make specific laws that applied to Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples that could assist in addressing inequalities. 2. There were several key individuals and groups involved in bringing about the Referendum. For instance, significant and powerful groups included the Aboriginal–Australian Fellowship and the Federal Council for the Advancement of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islanders (FCAATSI), which was formed in 1957. 3. During this period, one of the prominent leaders was Faith Bandler. Bandler led the campaign and helped to organize several massive petitions and hundreds of public meetings. She was a key figure leading up to the...
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...Opening Ceremony for the Olympic games as a way to demonstrate the important roll the British had in colonizing Australia while easing up previous racism accusations, as well as portraying Australia to be home to a vibrant unified multicultural society, offering world-class destinations.- All throughout the Opening Ceremony an evolution of stories were played out for viewers; certain stories were more centralized narratively then others in particular. A sugarcoated version of the Aboriginals history, British Colonies exploration and the evolution of a young Australia, are considered the primary tales narrated. Starting out with a large horse and man scene which spoke strongly to the tourist market specifically Americans, this was perceived as a stunt to attract viewers to Australia along with scenes involving Australia’s beaches, outback territory and high ratio of animals throughout the ceremony. The connection and reconciliation between the white girl who represents a young Australia and the aboriginal man spoke to the multicultural unity acted out in Eternity. Previously was the awakening of nature after a bush fire in which the arrival of a new era was presented. As the British settled “productively” in Australia, the new world appears to be bursting with progressive new life, and a soon to be unity under the southern skies. The quote used to wrap up the ceremony, “two cultures intertwined sharing...
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...The book ‘’Maybe Tomorrow’’ tells the story of Boori Monty Pryor. It describes the career path and life story of an Aboriginal in Australia. From being a model to eventually becoming a writer or like it is called in the aboriginal cultural, a storyteller. The book is not a typical biography, because it has been written as a one-way conversation between Boori and the reader. Personally I find this somewhat confusing; jumping from one topic to the other does not feel comfortable to read. What it definitely does deliver on is giving a better understanding about the aboriginal culture, the difficulties they face from white Australians in this country and how every person in this culture needs to adapt to the way of the ‘white men’. There are many consequences to this manifestation. For example, the fact that alcoholism and suicide is a common factor in the aboriginal culture. It is very sad that several aboriginals try to cope with the struggles they face by consuming excessive alcohol or taking their own life. This transpires very much so in Boori’s life. Three of his siblings committed suicide and alcoholism was around him when growing up. It is very unfortunate that the book does not describe the personal story of his siblings. It would have giving the book a different aspect of why his siblings would decide to take their own life. Boori gives a good description what the most likely reason was but only his siblings truly know. Nobody will ever know what their personal experiences...
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...The Dreaming Dreaming: * Underpins all beliefs and practices * Incorporates past, present and future * Inextricably linked to the land * Ceremonialism Dreamtime: Time of creation of all things Dreaming: Individuals or groups set of beliefs or spirituality Spirituality Consists of: * Kinship * Ceremonial life * Obligations to land and people (as a result of societal values) Kinship Highly sophisticated networks of relationships that govern interactions between members of language groups Define where a person fits into the community, binding people together in relationships of sharing and obligation Central to the way culture is passed on and society is organised Dynamic and provides a framework for living Defines roles and responsibilities for raising and educating children Provides systems of moral and financial support within the community Influences the social relationships and governs many aspects of everyday behaviour Ceremonial Life Dreaming ceremonies are conducted in the form of song and dance with the use of body parts and a spectacle of lights and costumes Preparation considered part of ceremony Men and women have different roles Different ceremonies in different cultural groups 4 Types: * Rite of passage * Information * Personal * Spiritual Initiation Ceremony Teaches about law and beliefs Allows young person to take their place as an elder Can last years Funeral Ceremonies Number...
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...Indigenous Australians marginalized in today’s society Introduction Archaeologists believe that aboriginals first came to Australia about 45, 000 years ago and were the only population of humans in Australia until the British invasion. There are about 500 different aboriginal groups each with their own language and territory and usually made up of several separate clans. The aboriginals of Australia are marginalised in today society. This marginalisation began right back during the British invasion where they were evicted from their own country, the stolen generation occurred and their health care, education, employment and housing was severely limited. Aboriginals generally live in poor conditions and choose unhealthy lifestyle choices they also make up a disproportionate section in the prison population; this continues the negative attitudes that society has towards aboriginals today. History Aboriginals trace their creation back to the dreamtime, an era long past when they believe the earth was first formed by creatures. The dreamtime theory was that these creatures started human society and made all natural things and put them in special places. An aboriginal man once said “Aboriginals have a special connection with everything that is natural. Aboriginals see themselves as part of nature … All things on earth we see as part human. It is true that people who belong to a particular area are really part of that area and if that area is destroyed they are also destroyed...
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...According to INAC, the term for Aboriginal peoples is defined as: “a collective name for the original peoples of North America and their descendants. The Canadian constitution recognizes three groups of Aboriginal people: Indians (commonly referred to as First Nations), Métis and Inuit. These are three distinct peoples with unique histories, languages, cultural practices and spiritual beliefs. More than one million people in Canada identify themselves as an Aboriginal person, according to the 2006 Census.” (Indigenous Nationhood) Although many Aboriginal peoples in Canada identify as being Aboriginal, many Aboriginal peoples struggle to maintain or gain a sense of cultural identity due to the Canadian Governments assimilation policies. Throughout this paper I will discuss how the Indian Act, the Canadian Residential School System, and the Sixties Scoop assimilated Aboriginal peoples into a European way of life, by attempting to integrate them into society by abolishing their Aboriginal identities. This assimilation process impacted Aboriginal peoples in negative ways throughout the generations socially, culturally, and economically. The negative impacts within child welfare system, educational institutions, and the socio-economic status of Aboriginal peoples today, prove assimilation and the total integration of Aboriginal peoples within mainstream society is unacceptable. Decolonization techniques should be applied within those areas in order combat the long lasting effects of...
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...trouble coping with the repercussions and responses to the attacks. It was estimated that approximately 35% of the population directly exposed to this act of terrorism developed, or will develop, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) (Yehuda, 2002). An event such as the September 11th attack is a prime example of a major traumatic event in recent history that has left Americans and Canadians feeling threatened. Events, whether a large public occurrence such as the one identified above, or an individualistic personal episode, can result in the development of PTSD. PTSD is characterized by a variety of symptoms that last for at least one month, or longer, following a traumatic event (Brady 2004). It can be defined as the trauma itself and an individual’s response to that trauma. It effects the psychological, emotional, social, and physical states of the affected individual and can act as a pathway for other psychological disorders, the most common being major depressive disorder (MDD)(Van Ameringen, 2008). The purpose of this paper is to; examine PTSD and its causes, its ties to substance use/abuse in Canada, focusing on the Aboriginal population, and the reasons why traumatic...
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...them. The other world was occupied by indigenous Australians whose ancestors had lived in Australia for more than 40 000 years. By the 1950s they lost their land and way of living, living on the edge of town rubbish dumps and sometimes earning money as fruit pickers. State laws didn’t give them any benefits, told where they were allowed to live, stole their children and also had control over who could they marry. Contact between the inhabitants of these worlds was little, the non-indigenous didn’t care or know about the sufferings of the minority. However, in the late 1950s, aboriginal disadvantages became aware in the eyes of some of the majority and what they could do to address it. They recognised the potential to form a grassroots reform movement to bring the rights and protection of Australian citizenship to the dispossessed aboriginal population. From the late 1950s, aboriginal and non-aboriginal activist came together to campaign for equal rights for indigenous Australians and to bring about the dismantle of laws which deprived the indigenous Australians of civil rights. The Australian civil rights movement held series of events before and after, which contributed to the indigenous and Torres Strait islanders achieving their rights. This includes the conditions before the movement, including protection, assimilation, segregation policies and the stolen generation. The inspiration of the us civil rights movement was also a huge encouragement in the process. Before the...
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...Index, there continues to be a growing number of impoverished people. Individuals who are not able to provide themselves with the basic necessities of life are at an incredible disadvantage when it comes to maintaining their health and well-being. They can be exposed to many illnesses and life threats because they are not able to provide themselves with the resources needed to maintain a healthy lifestyle. Things such as food, shelter, and warmth all become optional for an individual living in poverty as they have little opportunity to better their life or living situations. Factors such as housing, education, employment, and environment are all equally important in determining an individuals economic standing. Specific groups such as Aboriginals can be at even more of a disadvantage because of the additional issues they face in regards to government policies in Canada. Throughout my research I found that there are four main factors that are greatly affected when an individual is living in poverty, which leads to the need for Food Banks. These factors are income, housing, nutrition and food security, and early childhood development...
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