...study of past events, associated with someone or something. With it comes an overwhelming amount of documents, records, and physical artifacts collected and housed for society to dig through, in order to properly evaluate and learn from the past. Many times when written history is presented, it has been edited and re-edited by a secondary source writer, rather than composed by actual witnesses, which proposes a problem; that of the interjectory of the writers own interpretation. Lost is the authentic perspective or narrative from an actual person of a past event. Recorded oral history preserves the viewpoints of individual voices, whether wealthy or poor, having personal knowledge of past events through spoken assessments, recollections and...
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...MODULE C – History and Memory Sample 1 How has your understanding of events, personalities or situations been shaped by their representations in the texts you have studied. Refer to your prescribed text and at least TWO other related texts of your own choosing. History can be defined as “the methodical record of public events” where memory is defined as “the faculty by which events are recalled or kept in mind”. Thus history and memory interrelate as history can be seen as the contextual justification for memory. “The Fiftieth Gate” is a poignant interweaving of history and memory. The text follows protagonist, Mark Baker an historian, son of Holocaust survivors Genia and Yossl (Joe), on an historical journey through memory, to uncover the origins of his past and act as a catalyst for future generations to also connect with their history. Mark Baker’s journey through history and memory is also executed through his conventional ideas that memory is biased and less valid than history. There are numerous references to the discrepancies between the personal memories of his parents and the documented history Mark as an historian believes. In this way it is apparent that Mark is on a quest for verification, “my facts from the past are different”. This displays the flaw Mark traditionally notes in memory and his need for historical evidence. As responders accompany Mark on his journey, they also encounter the complexity of simultaneously being a son and an historian. This...
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...The Unjust Holocaust In 1933, one of the most horrendous injustices started, this infamous wrongdoing was the dreadful Holocaust. According to history.com, “The word “Holocaust,” from the Greek words “holos” (whole) and “kaustos” (burned), was historically used to describe a sacrificial offering burned on an altar.” Well that may be true but this injustice was no sacrifice, Germany was selecting all the Jews and destroying them. Nearly six million Jews, one and a half million of these Jews being children, were killed in this slaughter. That is a huge amount of murders committed simply because the Germans had different beliefs than the Jews. With all of the violent killing, unfair labor and sickening torturing that went on, people believe that...
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...Sponenberg Unit Paper #1 One of the many goals of producing a work of art is to generate a response from the ideal audience. Sometimes certain artworks are even based off of history or historical events to stimulate further response. Or they are simply created for the artist’s own desires. Thereby it is art’s responsibility to reality to portray history in an unbiased manner as best as possible. Displaying forms of art that are not truthful toward history or reality can distort one’s belief of a person or an event if the intended audience knows nothing more about the person or the event then what was shown in that particular art form. By not following this, certain events/people are going to be remembered for inaccurate reasons. Surprisingly, not everyone would agree with this idea. There are definitely those who believe that the real world and the “art” world...
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...Although the Holocaust took place almost half a century ago, it still leaves behind profound repercussions not only on its direct survivors, but also on their descendants – the second generation. In her book The Generation of Postmemory: Writing and Visual Culture after the Holocaust, Marianne Hirsch coins the term “postmemory” to describe how parents can pass on their traumatic memories to their children, and how these memories consequently become an integral part of their lives and their identities. Indeed, biographies and psychoanalytical research have proven that many descendants of Holocaust survivors display psychological symptoms similar to those of their parents, despite the fact that they were born many years after the Holocaust. Although many critics insist that postmemory does not qualify as actual memory because the children have not lived through the Holocaust themselves, postmemory is indeed a legitimate form of memory. Furthermore, when compared to memory, postmemory is equally traumatizing and painful. Although postmemory is a frequent theme in many works from and on the second generation, its validity is still debated. Hirsch first defines the term as the relationship between the second generation and the memories they inherit from their parents by means of stories, images and behaviors among which they grew up. Karein Goertz, in her essay “Transgenerational Representations of the Holocaust: From Memory to ‘Post-Memory’” also describes postmemory as “a hybrid...
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...children; nothing can remove this darkness from one of the most tragic events to ever happen in history, the Holocaust. There is a classic German legend about a man named Faust. He was a highly successful scholar but was dissatisfied with his life. His legend has created stories of his success in art and music, but the legendary of this man doesn’t end there. According to the legend, Faust sold his soul to the devil in exchange for vast earthly rewards. Millions of innocent Jews were killed by this so called legend, driven by a force of madness and evil of his own ancestors. In his own sick twisted mind he saw an opportunity to solve the problem once and for all by killing off the Jews. It is said that the Holocaust was based upon vague, trivial, or even inaccurate representations. With so much controversy and doubt on the Holocaust did or did it not really happen, everyone has their own point-of-view. Ironically for the people of Germany this legend had an all too real comparison to true events on its history. According to stories from survivors the voices of the dead can still be heard crying out for help. There are many authors who wrote books with great detail on the Holocaust, giving their perspective point of view on this tragic event. During the Holocaust it is said that over six million Jews suffered countless amounts of obscenity throughout the history of time. In the book Histories of the Holocaust by Dan Stone, the author describes the legendary of one man, the will...
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...Many people have written about the Holocaust. But not many Holocaust survivors have written about their personal experiences of this horrific period. Although we have read dozens of historical books and articles about this genocide written by well respected historians, there aren’t enough memoirs of the Holocaust written by people who experienced everything first hand. Books that are considered primary sources are very few and this is why those biographies and autobiographies of victims and survivors of the Holocaust are priceless. Primo Levi’s memoir If This Is A Man is one of those books describing the horrible acts that the author endured during the Holocaust. In his autobiography, Levi describes his time in Auschwitz after being captured by the Nazis during World War II until the concentration camp’s liberation almost two years later. The events are described in chronological order in the way the Italian – Jew author experienced it all....
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...about the memory of the Holocaust than about the Holocaust itself During World War II, France woefully surrendered itself to the Nazi Regime. This new government, led by Henri-Philippe Pétain, was soon to implement Hitler’s anti-Semitic laws and, consequently, France became involved in an event recognised worldwide as the ‘systematic mass murder of European Jewry by the Nazis’ – the Holocaust. Following the end of the war, Charles de Gaulle hastily recovered France’s collective identity and repressed the reality of the nation’s collaboration out of shame. The result? A ‘crisis of consciousness’, in which French society was incapable of facing its shared responsibility. Resnais’s documentary, Nuit et brouillard, offered an even plane, where France was able to recover its memory of the Holocaust. In the forthcoming discussion, there will be detailed consideration as to whether the memory of said genocide is the fundamental theme of Nuit et brouillard, with close reference to the film’s imagery, text, and musical composition. Shot in 1955, ten years following the camp’s liberation, Resnais’s film begins with post-war colour images of Auschwitz, capturing what remains of the barren land. As the camera progressively moves through the barbed wire fence, the present day moment is established and one sees ‘une drôle d’herbe’ surrounding the edges. The inclusion of overgrown flora can be argued as a metaphor for the surface and deep memories of the Holocaust; the camps are undoubtedly...
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...English 201 71335 November 11, 14 The events of the Holocaust evoke such strong emotions that films portraying the horrors of the time period are considered inappropriate depictions of them. Films such as Schindler’s List and The Pianist take a serious historical approach to the Holocaust, while films like Life is Beautiful take a different approach to it. It is the combination of romance, comedy, and tragedy that triggered many viewers into criticizing Life is beautiful as being oblivious to the Holocaust’s reality, therefore making it inappropriate. However, A filmmaker is not a historian, and is not responsible for Depicting the holocaust as accurate as possible, the film does in fact present the dichotomy of life before and after the holocaust, without leaving out the fact that thousands of people were murdered and battered in the duration of the holocaust. it is the honest presentation of human relations, the main focus between the love of a father and son and the artistic form presented in the film that make the film appropriate. It’s appropriate because filmamkers who portray the holocaust are not obligated to depict the horrors of the events. Holocaust filmmakers are not necessaraly historians who seek to portray historic events as they actually happen. It IS appropriate because the film presents, the dicotamy of Life before the holocaust and after. It is apporpiate becausebinigni was never oblivious to the holocaust in his film, because there are scenes that...
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...start of an accelerating progression towards world war. Under the dominion of Hitlers ambitions, Germany invaded western Poland as a result of the intransigence between both countries. World War II ravaged civilians more severely than any previous conflict, and served as the justification for genocidal killings by Nazi Germany, under the order of Hitler. To fully understand how Hitler attained the support of a nation to agree with his ideology, one must know the conditions before the wake of World War II, and how Hitler instilled influential ideas of national pride. In this essay, I intend on showing why it is important to understand a certain aspect of World War II. I will first focus on establishing the importance of knowing what events led Germany into the circumstances it was in prior to World War II. Accordingly, I will then analyze Hitlers ideology, and why it is vital to understand his point of view. That being the case, I will then narrow the focus on the genocidal killing of Jews by Hitler, and emphasize the importance of understanding why this was happening. From there I will probe through the writings of Hitler in his work of Mein Kampf, and discuss how knowing...
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...One of the greatest historical novels to be written in the 20th century, Schindler’s List is a true masterpiece written by Thomas Keneally several years after World War II. The book is set during World War II when Germany was under the reign of Adolf Hitler. Keneally, an Australian based writer was inspired to write the book by Poldek Pfefferberg, a Holocaust survivor. Published in the year 1982, the book is a remarkable piece of literature that has won many awards including the Booker Prize in 1982. Keneally began his writing career as a writer who wrote ordinary books until he met Poldek Pfefferberg, the man who encouraged him to write Schindler’s List. Pfefferberg met Keneally in one of his stores and requested him to write the book, to raise awareness relating to the Holocaust system and the misery of thousands of Jews under the Nazis. At the same time, Keneally wanted the world to know about the good deeds of one man over evil. It was later made into a film in 1992, which won many academy awards as well. Schindler’s List tells the tale of a remarkable German businessman, Oskar Schindler, who with his wealth and manipulating abilities helps save the lives of thousands of Jews from being terminated by the Nazis. Keneally takes us back to 1939 when Germany invaded Poland and occupied its territory. Their extreme hatred towards the Jews forms one of the themes of this book. The Nazi soldiers were ordered to round up the Jewish families, separate the men and the...
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...The Salem witch Trials can be compared to other historical events in history when social/political norms disintegrate for a period of time. Compare one of them to the Salem witch trials. CITE REFERENCES. The Salem witch trial started because of the seven girls that were up at the forest dancing. Unaware of what was happening reverend Parris burst into the scene at that time and caught the girls dancing, but the girls all ran away when they noticed reverend Parris’s presence. After the girls escaped they started to fall sick, then with the pressure and post on the line reverend Parris being to suspect the girls of conjuring spirit’s the last time he saw them at the forest because of the way they were dancing at the woods and also because of their reaction after they ran away from the forest. But when he confronted his niece Abigail Williams she denies that she and the other girls engaged in any witch craft. But later on when she was pressure and confronted again she falsely confessed and accused Tituba of conjuring the spirit while they were dancing, to be safe and not be persecuted she too falsely accused Goody Osburn and Sara Good of witch craft, because the consequences she will face. In the case of Abigail Williams false accusation on people she was trying to get rid of people that are in her way in order to achieve a goal, like Elizabeth Proctor and this was what caused people their lives because of jealously...
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...Mass hysteria is a condition affecting groups of persons characterized by excitement or anxiety, irrational behavior or beliefs, or inexplicable symptoms of illness. In the play The Crucible written by Arthur Miller shows that mass hysteria can affect anyone on how they act and it had an influence in different societies throughout history like the 2016’s the creepy clowns scaring people, 1940’s the holocaust eliminating jews, and the 1400’s-1600’s European witch hunt finding witches. In the 1990’s the holocaust was a tragic event where many lives were lost. It was caused by a man called Hitler and he was the one who made it all happen. He showed mass hysteria to people about jews. A reason why hitler targeted jews is because a book that came...
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...The Holocaust: Suggested Reading There is a wealth of information about the Holocaust. So much has been written, in fact, that it can be difficult to determine where to start. This reading list is collected from recommendations from other members of The Holocaust History Project. It is not a complete bibliography but represents our opinion as to what are the most useful starting places for research. Since this list concentrates on works that are easily available and useful to a person unacquainted with the history of the Holocaust, many excellent books which are rare or out of print are not listed. Another class of books that are not included is works that are controversial because of their contents or the unusual theories they propose. Some of these are excellent works, others are not. But we feel that the reader for whom this list was compiled would not have the knowledge needed to evaluate these discussions of the legitimate controversies about the Holocaust. Just as a medical student must learn anatomy before he or she is taught surgery, someone studying the Holocaust must know the factual background before some of the more technical studies can be understood. As well as general works we have included books of specialized interest concerning the matters about which we at The Holocaust History Project are most frequently asked. Many of these books deal with more than one subject, but in the interest of brevity we have not cited a book more than once. General history of the...
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