...day. The conflict started with the Crusades. The Crusades were a series of military conflicts that much of Christian Europe waged on the Muslims to take back the Holy Lands, Jerusalem, which was the birhplace of Jesus Christ. The origins of the Crusades lie in the development inWestern Europe during the Middle Ages. In 1063, Pope Alexander II had given his blessing to the Iberian Christians in their wars against the Muslims. Pope Alexander II offered indulgence to those who were killed in battle. A soldier in the Crusades would resite a solemn vow, receive a cross from the hands of the pope or of his legates, and was then considered a "soldier of the Church". The cause of the First Crusade, which took place from 1095 to 1099, was Alexius I's appeal to Pope Urban II for mercenaries to help him resist Muslim advances into territory of the Byzantine Empire. When the First Crusade was preached in 1095, the Christian princes of Northern Iberia had beenfighting their way out of the mountains of Galicia and Asturias, the Basque Country, and Navarre, for about a hundred years. Crusader armies managed to defeat two substantial Turkish forces at Dorylaen and at Antioch. The Crusaders were finally able to journey to Jerusalem, but with only a fraction of their original forces. The fall of Moorish Toledo, a Muslim kingdom, to the Kingdom of Leon, a Christian kingdom, in 1085 was a major victory. An effect of the First Crusade were mass executions of the Jews...
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...The Crusades. 1. What was the cause of the crusades? a. I expect to find out why there was a war between Christians and Muslims, and what is the holy land and why were they fighting over it. 2. What were the objectives of the crusades? b. I expect to find out why it expanded from releasing the holy land to conquering Spain from the Moors. 3. How many crusades were there and what were the most important? c. I expect to find out the exact number of crusades and why the first four were the most important. 4. What was the crusades timeline? d. I expect to find the dates of each crusade and when they finished. 5. What was the effect of the crusades? e. I expect to find the answer to why did they play a very big role in the Middle ages and how did they effect the catholic church. 6. Who were the crusaders and how were they treated? f. I expect to find the classes of where the crusaders came from and if they had any special privileges. Throughout history the Crusades affected many aspects mostly the Europeans Middle Ages. The crusades went on for almost 300 years and affected the people whom lived there church and many other aspects. Powering religion and the church. Even though many people lost their lives it still plays a huge role. 1. What was the cause of the crusades? The word crusade means holy war, and was caused over the possession of the holy land. For many years Muslims were responsible of the...
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...Crusades Abstract Crusades are recalled as a major incident in the history. This series of the holy war started in 1095 and continued till 1272. In general, reasons and motivational factors behind crusades are classified as subjective in nature. The goal of the Christian in this war was to liberate Jerusalem from Muslim possession and retook the control of the holy land. While, Muslims at the beginning of this war were on defensive side and failed to sustain their kingdom. However, after the third crusade, Saladin recaptured Jerusalem and included this state in his Kingdom of Egypt. This paper briefly describes the reasons and impacts of crusades which affected Europe in terms of politics, economy and social system and benefits. Table of Contents John Q. Student Professor Doe English 344 8 May 2000 Crusades Introduction The human history has seen numerous wars which have been fought to achieve the strategic goals of the states. Most of the wars reflect the intention of territorial expansion, acquiring additional resources of occupied land, settling down the political instability and to create balance or dominancy in terms of power in the region. However, history also witnesses to the fact that there are many wars that were fought on the name of religion. Crusades, among them, are generally referred as holy war or series of religious military actions to conquer the...
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...other subjects or it will result in ongoing fights, arguments, and wars. In the case of the Crusades, this was exactly the result- a series of religious “Holy wars”. This particular set of Holy wars was divided amongst the Christians, Muslims, and Jews in revolt against the Catholic church. The original intention of the Crusades started as a political issue under the rule of Pope Urban II in 1095 AD. His goal was to increase Papal power, obtain wealth, and gain greater political power in Jerusalem, the Holy land. However, this quickly changed when religion played its role. The Pope performed a speech in Claremont simply implying that Muslims were persecuting the Christian faith due to the regions they resided in near the Middle East. As a result, the first Crusade came to terms. Something as profound as the Crusades will never be forgotten and although many centuries have passed, the previous problems still linger- especially in the Middle East. Most history books will focus on the outcome of the Crusades according to Western European culture, but it is the Eastern culture and religions who have truly suffered. All one has to do in order to realize this is to look at the current situation in our world today. The effects of the Crusades have taken a negative toll on the relations between Jewish, Christian, and Muslim religions and communities. In order to explain the result of the Crusades within the Jewish religion, one must understand what Jerusalem is to the Jewish people. It...
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...The Crusades In 1095 an assembly of churchmen called by Pope Urban II met at Clermont, France. Messengers from the Byzantine Emperor Alexius Comnenus had urged the pope to send help against the armies of Muslim Turks. On November 27 the pope addressed the assembly and asked the warriors of Europe to liberate the Holy Land from the Muslims. The response of the assembly was overwhelmingly favorable. Thus was launched the first and most successful of at least eight crusades against the Muslim caliphates of the Near East. "God wills it!" That was the battle cry of the thousands of Christians who joined crusades to free the Holy Land from the Muslims. From 1096 to 1270 there were eight major crusades and two children's crusades, both in the year 1212. Only the First and Third Crusades were successful. In the long history of the Crusades, thousands of knights, soldiers, merchants, and peasants lost their lives on the march or in battle. 1095: Beginning of the Crusades In 1095 an assembly of churchmen called by Pope Urban II met at Clermont, France. Messengers from the Byzantine Emperor Alexius Comnenus had urged the pope to send help against the armies of Muslim Turks. On November 27 the pope addressed the assembly and asked the warriors of Europe to liberate the Holy Land from the Muslims. The response of the assembly was overwhelmingly favorable. Thus was launched the first and most successful of at least eight crusades against the Muslim caliphates of the Near East. The...
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...Often we view the Crusades as an honored Christian conquest to reclaim the Holy Land back from the Muslims. Like history, the Crusades cannot be itemized into one set place; there are many different views. Looking at the first Crusade, there are the views of the Franks (Western Christians), Byzantines (Eastern Christians), and the Muslims. Texts giving insight to these views include: Pope Urban at Clermont by Fulcher of Chartres, The Alexiad by Anna Comnena, The Damascus Chroncile by Ibn al-Qalanisi, The Capture of Jerusalem by the Crusaders by Raymond of St. Giles, and The Conquest of Jerusalem by Ibn Al-Athir. Even though the idea of the first Crusade is clear, the reason why many ‘crusaded’ has to do with many different reasons and many different people. These texts describe views on Muslim accounts, Byzantine, and Frank accounts of how the Crusade affected them. One of the different people involved was the Franks. Out of the three so-called people of the first Crusade the Franks had the most to win. If they were to gain the Holy Land, that would give them more land to rule which was probably highly favored in the eyes of kings, nobles, and vassals. In Pope Urban II eyes this gives him a chance to extend the church’s power. So when the Byzantine Empire asked for help against Turks, the idea of a crusade was imminent. Urban II stated in Fulcher of Chartres, “Manifold evils were growing in all parts of Europe because of wavering faith” (Reilly 354). This text gives reason for...
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...The Crusades are traditionally defined as the series of western expeditions against the Muslim lands of Palestine and the Levant which begun with Pope Urban’s call to arms at Clermont in 1095 AD, and all but ended with the Muslim liberation of Acre in 1291. The initial western offensive was sudden and effective. By 1099, Jerusalem was in Christian hands, and remained so until 1187, when it was liberated by Slah al-Din. From then on, European power in the region was very limited, although Frederick II of Sicily briefly conquered Jerusalem again in 1228. The fall of Acre in 1291 marked the end of the European presence in the region. All in all, it was the western Christian that states failed to counter the ultimate rise of Muslim power as-well-as “liberating” any holy lands. It was a war that a man fought another man for the misguided main beliefs of another. Over-all, the Muslim nations that were invaded by those Christian states wanted no part of the hostile take-over of their lands or a forced conversion to their non-Islamic religion. Holy Sepulchre, a city in Palestine was the center of attraction; where the religious practices of Christians were not allowed to enter. The city was under the care of the Caliphs from Bagdad and the Fatimid’s of Egypt. At one point the Caliph presented the keys of this holy place to Charlemagne to lock out the millions of Christians from gaining access. People from Turkey sooner joined the fight to control the holy place as the Arabian community...
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...The Crusades were classified as a holy war against the infidel (Spielvogel 331), and were caused by religious differences, who held control over the Holy Land, and a clash between two different civilizations such as the Christians and Muslims. Christians and Muslims are two groups of people that believed in different gods and have different views about life and the world, mostly on religion. They both wanted control over the Holy Land and this led to multiple Crusades. Christian Crusaders often waged attacks on cities filled with Muslims, but they also got sidetracked by emperors who asked for their help. They would sack others cities taken over by Muslims, like Constantinople, on their way to Jerusalem, the Holy Land, and a lot of the time...
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...somewhere around 1,700,000 people died as an effect of the Crusades. The Crusades were a set of wars, between Judaism, Christianity, and Islam, all fighting to gain control of the Holy land. Many people have argued on whether the Crusades were beneficial or not. However, the Crusades, overall were not beneficial for human history, They did not accomplish anything, killed way too many people and started the spread of a deadly plague. To start off, the Crusades were pointless, as they did not accomplish anything. The reason that the Christians started the Crusades was to take control of the Holy Land in Jerusalem for the Muslims, but the Christians were unsuccessful and everything stayed the same. First, “Pope Urban II called for a crusade against the Muslims to regain control of Jerusalem.” This text shows that the point of the crusades was to gain control of Jerusalem, and when the Crusades were finished, the Muslims still controlled it. Next, “Crusaders sought to gain ground in the Holy Land through short-lived raids that proved little...
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...The Crusades were a bloody religious war, they had a goal to have conquest of The Holy Land, but they had failed that goal. They also had left a bad remembrance of hatred behind them. In the Middle East, Christians and Muslims committed an awful violation in the name of religion. In Europe, Crusaders sometimes turned their anger on the Jews, kill the entire communities. The Crusades were fought between 30,000 people from Europe and the Seljuk Turks, who had taken total control of The Holy Land from the Arabs. The main Crusades took over a period of 200 years, they began in 1905 and continued till 1272. The Crusades are more negative, for example relations between Muslims and their Christian and Jewish subjects worsened. Commerce with the...
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...5/4/2015 The Third Crusade The Christians in Western Europe and Muslims in the Middle East were in a constant religious battle during the 12th century because the Roman Catholic Church wanted to take control of the holy land, Jerusalem. In order to conquer Jerusalem, the Church initiated crusades, also known as military campaigns or holy wars. The First Crusade was successful as Jerusalem fell under the European control, but not so much for the following crusades. The Second Crusade was a disaster, as Europeans failed to conquer any land from the Muslims. This led to the Third Crusade in which three kings, ‘Richard the Lionheart’ of England, ‘Phillip II Augustus’ of France, and ‘Frederick Barbarossa,’ joined...
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...The crusades were a series of Wars fought over the Holy Land Jerusalem, between Christian Europe and Muslim Asia. Jerusalem held a high significance to Christians because the Church of the Sepulchre was built upon the hill Christ was crucified on top of. The start of the Crusades was influenced by Pope Claremount in 1095. There were about nine crusades in total, the first four were known as the Principal crusades, and the four remaining, Minor crusades. The Holy crusades had many effects on both Europe and Asia. Before the 11th century most Christians were encouraged and even welcomed by the Muslim people of Jerusalem to journey on pilgrimages to experience Christ. Muslims had an open policy for pilgrims seeing them as a source of revenue. In the 1065 the Turkish took over control of Jerusalem and murdered Christians. The Pope Urban II hired a man named Peter the Hermit, a native monk of France, to spread the word and influence people to stand up and fight against the Infidels controlling Jerusalem and attacking Europe. August 15th 1096 marked the start of the crusades into Asia. The most important Crusades are the first four known as the Principle crusades. 3000 Christians were slaughtered in Jerusalem, prompting the first crusade, known as the People’s Crusade, made up of all kinds of classes of people, men, women, and children. Many preachers’ excited people of Europe, swaying them with their words of “Gods Will” to set out on a march to Jerusalem. The first crusade...
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...The Crusades were a series of military campaigns launched by the Roman Catholic Church starting from 1095. The main goal of the Crusades was to regain control of the Holy Land to the Christians from the Muslims. The Crusades were mainly a failure because they did not achieve this original goal. However, the Crusades were an inadvertent success because they brought vast changes to Western Europe. Thus, the Crusades are known as a successful failure. During the Early Middle Ages, the fifth through ninth centuries AD, Christians were able to safely complete a pilgrimage to Jerusalem, as the Muslim Egyptian rulers at that time were tolerant of other religions. However, in 1071, Jerusalem was captured by the Turks who would rob, rape and murder non-Muslim pilgrims. These Turks threatened the weak Byzantine Empire, and, in turn, western Europe and the Pope. In...
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...key role in wars and death. The Crusades were a series of wars of Christians who wanted the holy land because the Muslims had conquered Jerusalem (Holy Land) and had also conquered many other countries. With this in mind, I believe that religion did play a part in the Crusaders, for instance the “Holy Land” known as Jerusalem. European Christians fought the wars because of religion, poverty, and economic reasons. The reason for the Crusades going into war was because they wanted to recapture the “Holy Land” from the Muslims. Many people didn’t like the fact that Muslims were living where Jesus had walked, lived, and made miracles. In document 1, Runciman states that “Their motives were … genuinely religious …...
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...The Crusades The Crusades was a war against the Moslems(Muslims) fought by the Christians. It started in November 1095 when the Byzantine Emperor, Alexius Commenus had sent a desperate appeal to defend Christianity against the Moslem enemy because the SeIjuk Turks, the dominant Moslem power, had conquered the Holy Land from the Christians and closed of the places made sacred by the life of Christ. Pope Blessed Urban II concluded a speech with words, “Men of God, men chosen and blessed among all, combine your forces! Take the road to the Holy Sepulcher assured of the imperishable glory that awaits you in God's kingdom. Let each one deny himself and take the Cross!” The assembly then rose with him and thus became the Crusaders. They adopted a red cross as there emblem and within ours no more red material remained in town because the knights had used it all to make the crosses that would be sewn onto their sleeves. The name Crusaders was given to them because of their emblem(crux the Latin word for cross). The Crusades were a just war which has been a controversial debate over time, but to prove it, in history the Christian nations in Europe were definitely not the aggressors. The Moslems had been the aggressors against the Christians since the seventh century. Their attacks on the Christians were still going on in the eleventh century. In 1071 the Turks had attacked and virtually annihilated the Byzantine army at Manzikert. It was this defeat that led the Byzantine Emperor...
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