...deferred imitation from television by 6- to 18-month-olds. Developmental Science, 10(6), 910- 921. This study was designed to gauge the growing body of evidence that examines infant imitation from television both immediately and after a delay. Children were tested in two very controlled manners for this study that only deviated in one way. Some children were shown a demonstration in person (3D) and the others were shown the exact same demonstration via television (2D). This was the only difference in the two demonstrations and therefore created no bias. The study found that imitation from television can occur in infants as early as 6 months of age. The findings of this study also suggest that imitation from television continues to be challenging throughout the second year of life, but repetition may be the key. The results of this study raise several questions and further research is required to disentangle perceptual and representational/cognitive load explanations. This source would be very useful in my research and provides information from an unwavering study that produced very clear and concise results. Barr, R., Shuck, L., Salerno, K., Atkinson , E., & Linebarger , D. (2010). Music interferes with learning from television during infancy. Infant and Child Development , 19, 313-331. Retrieved from www.interscience.wiley.com doi: 10.1002/ icd.666 This study was conducted to expand on previous studies regarding learning from television and imitating the target...
Words: 1674 - Pages: 7
...Lifespan and Personality Development: Middle Childhood Taylor Nail PSY/103 February 02, 2015 Michael Phillips Lifespan and Personality Development: Middle Childhood What kinds of things can affect an individual from the age of 6 to 12 years? There are many things that can affect a person of this age group (middle childhood). During the middle childhood, Social and Moral Development describes that “children either develop a sense of their own competence at a variety of tasks, especially schoolwork, or they come to believe they are not capable of success (n.d.)”. Even though this age group can determine their own success and their own identity, there are factors that can affect these individuals’ physical, cognitive and social, moral, and personality development. There are many things that can affect the physical development in young children during their middle childhood, including environmental influences. With all of the research going on these days, it all loops back around to one issue these children face in the environment; obesity. For example, more and more children are spending more time watching television, and while watching the television they are snacking or having more meal time causing them to increase in weight, ultimately affecting their physical development. This problem increases as the children grow older. “Children’s TV time and home environment factors were assessed longitudinally among 169 families with children followed from 6 to 12 years of age...
Words: 1259 - Pages: 6
...TV & Children: Television, Health and Development How does television affect the health of our children? Children from birth to age five are actively growing, learning and developing habits that will shape their physical and emotional health. Because this time period is so crucial to the development of a child’s body and brain, any negative influences can have lifelong health effects (1). Excessive television viewing among young children has been linked to negative impacts on early brain development, and lifelong physical health (1, 2). Television and early brain development Repeated exposure to television or related activity can affect a child’s mental and emotional development (1). TV often takes the place of interactive experiences (e.g play) that promote healthy brain development (1, 2, 3, 4). Too much TV during the early years has been linked to: o Poor performance in school, especially in the areas of language and reading. If TV is substituted for reading and talking with others at a young age, children may have delayed language development (1, 2, 3, 5, 26). o Being less able to use imagination. Too much TV can lead to an overload on the visual part of the brain, while depriving other parts of the brain. Areas of the brain responsible for creative thought and imagination are under used because watching television doesn’t require these skills (2). o Not being able to tell apart television from the real world. (3). o Problems focusing. Too many fast...
Words: 1759 - Pages: 8
...The Educational Value of Television Young Children grow up with an attachment to their favorite television shows and fall in love with the characters they see. These relationships can blossom into life lessons on friendships, manners, early learning education, and much more. The results from the adults in their lives not fostering these relationships correctly and limiting the viewing to age-appropriate shows are not evident until later when it has affected the child. The early years of a child’s psychological and cognitive development are the most important. When parents allow younger children to watch shows targeted for older children (and adults), their cognitive development bypasses the fundamental lessons teaching them about issues and problems they are not yet equipped to handle. The Early Childhood Longitudinal Study noticed there were unique reciprocal effects between positive parenting and child's cognitive abilities found at nine and twenty-four months. (Park, 2012) Adults must understand the necessity of age-appropriate, learning-leveled television shows for children to prohibit the detrimental effects that watching inappropriate television shows has on them. The relationship between a child and the television shows they watch can have a huge impact on their lives. There are cartoon shows that teach math skills, problem solving, natural science, engineering, music, collaboration, and second languages along with intrapersonal, emotional, and social skills. These...
Words: 1510 - Pages: 7
...Television and Children Kolby Timpson COM/172 1/15/12 Don Glaze Television and Children Television can be both a valuable asset as well as a negative influence for children of all ages. By introducing educational programs to children at young ages, it can help expand their learning potential in the future. On the other hand, it can also teach children to be lazy, and less motivated to learn from other sources then the television. Having proper guidelines in place and making sure enough exercise is being done will help promote future positive television behaviors. Sometimes being a parent can be hard and without proper guidance and research, it can be difficult to know what to do in tough situations. New age studies have shown a positive impact on the development of children when good guidelines are in place when it comes to television. In America, children that are aged 2-11 are watching more television than they have been in past years. Up to date research from The Nielsen Company show that kids aged 2-5 currently spend more than 32 hours a week on average in front of a television. Kids aged 6-11 spend less time in front of the television, about 28 hours a week, mostly because they are likely attending school for more hours in a day (Nielsen Company, 2009). 71% of kids 8-18 years old actually have a television in their rooms. Many people actually only consider television as the only resource of television. Nowadays there are several different ways to access television...
Words: 1079 - Pages: 5
...today’s children, and it impact the identify formation. Despite being raised by altruistic parents, these children end up being callous and mean and are lacking in empathy. Why are children turning this way? This change is the cause of poor parenting and materialism. The vast environment and the ecological system surrounding them influence today’s children. One particular development theory that identify with this issue is the ecological system theory by Bronfebrenner. Ecological systems theory on child development provides an analysis of how it identified five systems, which are microsystem, mesosystem, exosystem, macrosystem and chrono system all affect the development of the child (Shaffer, Kipp, Wood & Willoughby, 2013). Each of these systems contains specific roles that explain how child’s immediate environment to economic and political structures of the society shapes the course of childhood. Harried parenting of micro system to the role of media in advertising of exosystem influence can breed values that differ from their parents. The role of family is an essential component of healthy child development. The family values, socioeconomic status and religion prevailing within a culture, subculture or even neighborhoods can affect family interaction and development of the child (Shaffer et al. 2013). Thus good parenting, effective education and role modeling can help children develop altruistic values that “Consumerism and well-being in early adolescence,” by Sweeting...
Words: 1398 - Pages: 6
...Chapter 1: The Purpose of Early Childhood Programs. Understanding, Managing and Leading: Early Childhood Programs in Canada. Neslson, A Division of Thomson Canada Limited. The author concludes that children, who have parents that were involved in the child’s learning, tend to develop better social & academic skills and the amount of time also makes a difference, and working parents are less involved due to job responsibilities. The author argues that if families are involved in their child’s early development this will allow any child to benefit in areas such as; values, language, literacy, and social-emotional domains. This chapter was useful since it provides a clear understanding to the benefits of family involvement in the early childhood settings/ environments, since it provides how educators or parents support learning outcomes and effects on future learning outcomes....
Words: 1252 - Pages: 6
...Alice Livingston Family Development Research/ Appropriate Use of Technology Nutrition through the Life Cycle Obesity in children Obesity is a medical condition in which excess body fat has accumulated to the extent that it may have an adverse effect on health, leading to reduced life expectancy and/or increased health problems. Physicians and researchers did numerous studies on children’s habits and lifestyles as an important part of society. Nowadays, children face big problems with obesity. As a result, researchers have learned that healthy habits could have a profound impact on the future of every child and get a better understanding of how children perceive healthy eating. Researchers have proved and would like to emphasize that obesity has tripled in Canadian children in recent decades. For this reason, researchers have identified that healthy behaviors have numerous benefits. By making healthy food choices and explaining the nutritional value of various foods to children will improve the lifestyle of every child and make children’s health better. After a large quantity of interviews that were used to collect data on what food children prefer to eat and why it was discovered that they have bad eating habits and lifestyle. Researchers have found that only 75% of children understood healthy eating by identifying what is healthy food and what is junk food. Almost all children have mentioned eating fruits and vegetables. Findings suggested that children had previously heard...
Words: 3486 - Pages: 14
...Chapter I INTRODUCTION Background of the Study Computers are ubiquitous. As computers have become less expensive they have been purchased by more and more families for their homes. Because of this, many children begin to use computers at an early age. Even if computers are not available in their home, children almost certainly will begin to come into contact with computers in school. Some adults are amazed by how readily young children use computers. Many children find that using computers gives them a sense of power and accomplishment. And, unlike many adults whose first or primary contact with computers is work related, most children first use computers for entertainment purposes and games. This is by no means the only use that children have for computers. Because computer use is promoted in schools, and because computers are so ubiquitous, children have a great deal of exposure to them. Not everyone, however, is comfortable with the use of computers by young children. Some, including the Alliance for Childhood, have called for a halt to the use of computers by young children. Such groups cite the costs as well as possible health effects that using computers may have on children. The true impact that early computer use has on children is uncertain. Even though there is not enough information to state authoritatively that computers have any negative effects on children, the possible adverse effects that have been cited are serious...
Words: 2444 - Pages: 10
...The War against Television Life in North American is now divided into sleeping, working and watching TV. North America is a TV culture in which the make believe stories projected from a small box become what define us. TV reflects as well as shapes our cultural expectations and norms. TV has brought about revolution in many, if not all areas of life, no one can say that their work, family life, leisure time, and school are not in some way influenced by television. TV, its values, moral messages and the lifestyle it promotes all have a serious, negative impact upon children. Watching television is one of the ways many people choose to unwind after a hard day’s work. While television is a major source of entertainment the content the things that are displayed including violence and adult content in television can have negative effects on the viewers. Many children end up watching television even before they start school and so television has a huge impact on their impressionable minds. “Even infants and toddlers watch around two hours of television per day”(Levine). For kids under the age of six the time spent in front of the television is also around two hours while kids and teens tend to spend as much as four hours in front of the television. The violence depicted on television has a major effect on children. “On an average, American children witness around 200,000 acts of violence in television by the time they turn 18”(Odec). This makes them less sensitive and increases...
Words: 1894 - Pages: 8
...Childhood Development Essay The years from two to six years of age are referred to as early childhood or the preschool years of the developmental process (Rathus, 2012, p. 123). The early childhood years are critical to the future develop of the child. The brain development is intensive and sensitive to external environmental influences; therefore, it is imperative that its stimulation and nutrition are adequate and influences are positive (Makkaoui, 2009). “The brain develops more quickly than any other organ in early childhood (Rathus, 2012, p. 124). Such development helps to ensure that each child reaches his or her potential and is a productive part of a rapidly changing, global society (Makkaoui, 2009). As their nervous system matures, their motor skills explode and their movements become more and more precise and coordinated (Rathus, 2012, p. 125). The physical development is somewhat of a natural process. A few weeks after conception, the embryo is visible (Rathus, 2012, p. 37). If the mother takes the proper precautions by receiving adequate nutrition, medical attention, physical exercise and rest and relaxation, the embryo will continue to develop and grow into a fetus and eventually enters the world of the unknown outside the womb (Rathus, 2012, pp. 37-40). After the birth, the physical growth continues voluntarily. There is no formula or recipe that one must remember in order to assure the child continue to grow. Provided the child receives the proper nutrition...
Words: 1040 - Pages: 5
...Background Recently, the numbers of commercials increased on television, because of the emergence of new competitors seeking to profit by promoting their goods on television grab the attention of the viewer. Unfortunately a lot of these ads directed to children under the age of seven years. There are a lot of satellite channels that specializes in broadcast commercials to children, whether games or food product, regardless of the product is useful or harmful to the health of children. Purpose This report will discuss the negative impact of advertising on children's health, and will present possible solutions to tackle this problem where the parents become worried from it. Scope The report will be of interest to families who suffers from these problem I. THE IMPACT OF ADVIRTISING ON CHILDREN A. Behavior Television commercials are the most important services that affect children, and almost the first source of information for child, focusing on access to the child's mind and the senses, directing desires of children to a certain things, for example foods and games. By highlighting the item to look attractive and use easy word and attractive melody with repetition and try to give the impression in different expressive ways. Also, sometimes give fanciful promises about the ability of amazing food product, such as acquisition the child brawn, or dexterity in certain valuable capabilities. That led to increase of the fears of parents about the health of their children...
Words: 1776 - Pages: 8
...August 4, 2014 Nutrition Issues “Approximately 17 %( or 12.5 million) of children and adolescents aged 2-19 years are obese.” (CDC). Therefore, proper health and nutrition is critical to the growth and development of young children. Many of our Americans are suffering from these nutrition issues. Media and its promotion of junk food is one way that affects obese children. Throughout this paper I will discuss the long and short term impacts of obesity on children’s growth and development, describe a specific child who is affected by obesity, and three ways to combat obesity that involves collaboration among schools, families, and communities. There are short and long term impacts of childhood obesity. One short term impact is having a low self-esteem. Obese children are likely to be bullied or teased by peers at home and school. These children are likely to isolate themselves from others and also think negative about them. Long term impacts will include health problems. These health problems may include diabetes, heart disease, and high blood pressure. Obesity plays a major role in health problems, especially if you have it when young and still suffer when you are older. It is very critical to get help while you are younger. While working in the early childhood education setting for several years, I have come in contact with children who were obese. My job (Head Start) takes this nutrition issue seriously. However, I had a child recently who was obese. This child’s school...
Words: 958 - Pages: 4
...Chapter I INTRODUCTION Background of the Study Computers are ubiquitous. As computers have become less expensive they have been purchased by more and more families for their homes. Because of this, many children begin to use computers at an early age. Even if computers are not available in their home, children almost certainly will begin to come into contact with computers in school. Some adults are amazed by how readily young children use computers. Many children find that using computers gives them a sense of power and accomplishment. And, unlike many adults whose first or primary contact with computers is work related, most children first use computers for entertainment purposes and games. This is by no means the only use that children have for computers. Because computer use is promoted in schools, and because computers are so ubiquitous, children have a great deal of exposure to them. Not everyone, however, is comfortable with the use of computers by young children. Some, including the Alliance for Childhood, have called for a halt to the use of computers by young children. Such groups cite the costs as well as possible health effects that using computers may have on children. The true impact that early computer use has on children is uncertain. Even though there is not enough information to state authoritatively that computers have any negative effects on children, the possible adverse effects that have been cited are serious...
Words: 2444 - Pages: 10
...STAGES OF DEVELOPMENT Influences on Physical and Cognitive Development Early Childhood 1-6 years old Katherine Wright STAGES OF DEVELOPMENT Influences on Physical and Cognitive Development Early Childhood 1-6 years old There are eight stages of development. The first stage is infancy age 0-1 year old, the second stage is toddler stage ages 1-2 years old, the third stage is early childhood ages 2-6 years old, the fourth stage is elementary and middle school stage ages 6-12 years old, the adolescence stage ages 12-18 years is the fifth stage, the sixth stage is the young adult stage age 19-40, the seventh stage is the middle adulthood stage age 40-65, and the eighth stage is the late adulthood stage age 65 to death. The eight stages are called Erikson’s stages of psychosocial development. These stages describe how a human should develop as they pass through life .Each stage that is conquered successfully means that a person conquers new challenges. Each stage builds as you successfully complete earlier stages. If the stages aren’t successfully completed, they can resurface as problems in the future. In the second stage, which is early childhood the development process is Crisis: Initiative vs. Guilt Description: Children have newfound power at this stage as they have developed motor skills and become more and more engaged in social interaction with people around them. They now must learn to achieve a balance between eagerness for more adventure and more responsibility...
Words: 1258 - Pages: 6
