...Adam Engstrom 4/8/2016 Contemplation Paper Many go through life but never feel like they have full, complete lives. However, Aristotle, Kathleen Norris, and Mark Buchanan are firm on their views that there are three essential processes that must be done to achieve inner peace and blissful life. Even though the three have slightly different opinions on the importance of leisure, contemplative practice, and happiness, they all consider them essential for a full and complete life. It was clear that Aristotle had strong thoughts on the importance on contemplation. He claims that virtue can come in a variety of ways, including bravery, courage, and temperance. However, there is a greater virtue, which is the virtue of contemplation. He claims that contemplation is not achievable through the same methods that other virtues are achieved. To achieve this virtue, one must find time for a leisure activity that leads to deep happiness. Through this method, it allows one to seek out and find true virtue. While leisure is the way to contemplation, it is not possible without other virtues such as temperance and justice. “We must have leisure to attain these ends” (Presentation). Aristotle also presented an important element in achieving virtue when he stated, “A reflective person through inquiry can find true virtue, which allows them to recognize it, practice it and attain true happiness”(Presentation). According to Aristotle, not all leisure is the same and will bring on different...
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...The Problems of Philosophy, by Bertrand Russell 8/4/14, 13:49 Project Gutenberg's The Problems of Philosophy, by Bertrand Russell This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org Title: The Problems of Philosophy Author: Bertrand Russell Release Date: May 2, 2009 [EBook #5827] Last Updated: February 7, 2013 Language: English Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1 *** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE PROBLEMS OF PHILOSOPHY *** Produced by Gordon Keener, and David Widger THE PROBLEMS OF PHILOSOPHY By Bertrand Russell http://www.gutenberg.org/files/5827/5827-h/5827-h.htm Page 1 of 68 The Problems of Philosophy, by Bertrand Russell 8/4/14, 13:49 Contents . CHAPTER I. CHAPTER II. CHAPTER III. CHAPTER IV. PREFACE APPEARANCE AND REALITY THE EXISTENCE OF MATTER THE NATURE OF MATTER IDEALISM KNOWLEDGE BY ACQUAINTANCE AND KNOWLEDGE CHAPTER V. DESCRIPTION CHAPTER VI. ON INDUCTION CHAPTER VII. ON OUR KNOWLEDGE OF GENERAL PRINCIPLES CHAPTER VIII. HOW A PRIORI KNOWLEDGE IS POSSIBLE CHAPTER IX. THE WORLD OF UNIVERSALS CHAPTER X. ON OUR KNOWLEDGE OF UNIVERSALS CHAPTER XI. ON INTUITIVE KNOWLEDGE CHAPTER XII. TRUTH AND FALSEHOOD CHAPTER XIII. KNOWLEDGE, ERROR, AND PROBABLE OPINION CHAPTER XIV. CHAPTER XV. . BY THE LIMITS...
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...research and other practices [2]. In the 1970s, James Prochaska laid the foundations for this model. In the 1990s, two scales were developed using the model [2]. This model is used for health promotion because it enables people to make behavioral changes and improve their health. The Transtheoretical Model is and will continue to be one of the most popular in the behavior change field due to its uniqueness and effectiveness. The Transtheoretical Model has six constructs with two being broken down into smaller sections. The first construct demonstrates that statement; which is the stages of change. These five stages provide a temporal or time dimension and imply that change occurs over time. The five stages are: precontemplation, contemplation, preparation (these two can be interchanged), action, and maintenance [2]. The precontemplation stage is when a person is not considering...
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...Phase 3 Student’s Name Institutional Affiliation Unhealthy Behavior: Not hitting the gym for aerobics Group Members: Three close friends Goals: Attend daily aerobics classes per week Baseline data: Aerobics is a form of physical exercise offered in gymnasiums and combines rhythmic exercises with stretching to improve cardio-vascular fitness, flexibility, and muscular strength and more importantly reduces predisposition to illnesses (Hales, 2008). With knowledge of these benefits, I and my friends registered for aerobics classes for daily exercising. However, my friends were found to be less active and skipped some classes. Instead of the usual daily one-hour-classes per week, two of my friends went for the aerobics for one per week and sometimes left the class after thirty minutes of exercise. The other third friend is more consistent than the other two and attends aerobics classes for three to four days in a week. The two friends who attend an average of one lesson per week argued that course work took much of their time hence could not attend the aerobics class. They argued that they would not attend aerobic classes even after finishing class work since they were too tired, thus attended the aerobics lessons only when they had no class work, but even then, they would rush out whenever they felt tired. However, they were aware of the benefits that are associated with aerobics. The other friend who attended aerobics classes for an average of three to four classes per...
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...Bertrand Russell concludes his analysis stating that the importance of studying philosophy relies on the question of value, as he states most people within the scientific community have a pre-conceived idea of what philosophy is, and may attach a whimsical value to it. Russell explains that Philosophy is like other sciences in that what is produces is not always tangible or the methods by which it is created is always easily understood, so in order to appreciate philosophy it is a good option to study students learning the value of philosophy first hand Russell continues, that “practical men” (Russell, 2009) need to change their mindset; that “the goods of the mind are at least as important as the goods of the body”. (Russell, 2009), once a person appreciates that the mind needs nourishment as well as the body, they will be able to appreciate philosophy.“A critical examination of the grounds of our convictions, prejudices, and beliefs” (Russell, 2009) is the form of knowledge that Russell believes philosophy is based on. He further states that philosophy cannot be measured in the same way as other sciences, because once a definite answer is found, it isn’t philosophy anymore. Examples Russell uses are the study of Astronomy, and the study of the human mind, once under the philosophy umbrella of study, later to be under the umbrella of other sciences. Philosophy asks questions that don’t need an immediate answer; the importance of philosophy is to question the questions themselves...
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...the Trans-Theoretical Model so unique, is that it describes how change occurs over time and not immeadiately. According to Prochaska & DiClemente (1983), this theory proposes that a person may progress through five stages of change when trying to modify their behaviors. In the first stage titled pre-contemplation, we have people who have no intentions of taking action, or wanting to change their behavior in the near future. Many peers suggest that the desire to change a behavior is usually measured within the next six months (Prochaska, DiClemente, & Norcross, 1992). Individuals in this stage are unaware or uninformed of the consequences of their behavior (Scholl, 2002), or they may have had a number of failed attempts and are reluctant to try again (Prochaska & Velicer, 1997). Prochaska et al. (1992), says the main component of pre-contemplation, is the person shows resistance to recognize or modify problem behavior. For an individual to move out of this stage they must experience cognitive dissonance, which is describe as a negative affective state, where the individual acknowledges the problem (Scholl, 2002). In the next stage of change, we are presented with contemplation. This is where an individual is intending on making a change within the next six months (Patten, Vollman, & Thurston, 2000). People in this stage tend to weigh their pros and...
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...Outline Dustin Bowers * Intro * Rational outlook changed over time through different civilizations/cultures. * 1st Body * Hebrews began idea of rational outlook * Used logic to protect society * 2nd Body * Greeks create the best understanding of rational outlook * Rational outlook is reason * 3rd Body * Romans adapt reason by adding virtues * 4th Body * Christians give a higher meaning to virtues * Get a higher understanding of reason * 5th Body * Humanists combine faith with reason * Conclusion Dustin Bowers Dr. Hart 1:00 PM Paper Assignment #3 Few things remain the same over time: people change, buildings disappear, and landscapes deteriorate. However, it is not only physical things that are changed by time. Ideas, languages, and entire cultures differ when compared to their beginning. Rational outlook changed over time, adapted by different cultures and their views. Jackson J. Spielvogel tells us rational outlook is unique to the west. Within the west, rational outlook is seen from the Hebrews through the Scientific Revolution, and changed due to the different norms and ideas of each culture. Rational outlook is analyzing a thought or situation, and adapting it to best fit a specific lifestyle. The Hebrews started the idea of rational outlook. They lived for many years without a definite political ruler, living under God’s law. God chose judges to rule instead of a...
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...HEALTH PROMOTION ON OBESITY This reflection will focus on a health promotion experience. During my placement period. According to the World Health Organisation (WHO 2013) health promotion enables people to increase control and improve their health. The Driscol and Teh (2001) model of reflection which has three cue questions, what, so what and now what will be used. The rationale for using this model of reflection is that it has further questions which will help in the reflective process. To maintain confidentiality, the To maintain confidentiality, the patients name has been changed to pseudonym Mrs Smith, in accordance with the Nursing and Midwifery Council Code (NMC 2008)' What? Whilst I was on placement period, I had the opportunity to surgical pre- assess Mrs Smith with mentor supervision. lt is a protocol for the Trust that all patients who will go for elective surgery under anaesthesia need to be assessed prior to surgery. The purpose is to identify, minimise, eliminate or accommodate any risks of surgery and anaesthesia in order to give the patient the best chance of recovery. I surgical reassessed Mrs Smith who was overweight and was to have a total abdominal hysterectomy. So what? According to National Obesity Observatory (2010) obesity and overweight is caused by genetics, food environment, societal influences, food consumption' quantity, quality and frequency of individual diet and low levels of physical activity'. Obesity is associated with social and economic...
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...Behavioral Problem The behavioral problem presented is a refusal for a colposcopy following an abnormal PAP smear from a 22-year-old woman. After missing two appointments, she has expressed that she no longer wants to proceed with the procedure as she fears experiencing pain and the test results. The purpose of using motivational interviewing techniques with this patient is fueled by the importance of follow up from abnormal PAP smear results. High-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL) depicts changes to the cervical cells with a high association to precancerous or cancer cells (American Congress of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 2016a). Further, the patient has a potential cervical intraepithelial lesion (CIN) that may be a precancerous lesion and requires diagnosis by colposcopy (ACOG, 2016a). Cervical changes,...
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...Nicky Shepard September 19, 2013 CJ 407 Midterm Dan Terry PART 1 In this scenario 26 year old Bradley has involved his self in a non-hostage situation. This is considered non-hostage because of his emotions. He thinks his wife is having an affair with her college professor. Bradley is in the Pre-contemplation Stage in which he sees no reason to change and is likely to resist suggestions that he change. Validating Bradley’s lack of readiness to change by making his resistance normal; supporting his effort to re-evaluate his behavior and situation; and using reassurance, empathy, sharing commonalities, humor, being non-judgmental, and active listening during this stage. Kelln and McMurtry (2007) suggest that during the pre-contemplation stage the goal is for negotiators to develop rapport and to get the actor to recognize there is a problem. I think that this situation is negotiable, because Kelln and McMurty suggest that the negotiator use the following tactics to achieve the goals of this step in the change process: Validate the actor’s lack of readiness to change; encourage an examination of the pros and cons of their situation; encourage a re-evaluation of their behavior; explain and personalize the risk to the actor; identify and promote positive expectations of future plans and expectations; and show concern for the actor’s safety. PART 2 Bradley’s instrumental demands would be letting five students go he would get some food, a bottle of whiskey, and a promise...
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...CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION Most of people are striving to live a healthier lifestyle. Whether that means eating healthy food, exercising, and buying organic or natural products. People want to feel like they are doing their best they can to take care of themselves and the people they love. In recent years, the beauty industry has joined the wellness trend by selling products with terms like "organic," "natural" and even "chemical-free". The question is, what do these terms really mean? According to the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA), a product to be labeled as "natural," it must contain no artificial ingredients or added color, and must be only minimally processed. In addition, USDA defined minimal processing as a food product that was processed in a way that does not fundamentally alter the product. Furthermore, they also defined a product to be labeled "organic," products that have not been treated with synthetic pesticides or fertilizers, and animals raised organically are not given hormones or drugs to promote more rapid growth. Also, genetically modified organisms are not used on any organic farms. For lighter definition, "natural" ingredients are derived, in whole or in part, from natural sources with no synthetic compounds while "organic" ingredients are supposed to contain only plant-sourced ingredients that are cultivated without the use of synthetic chemicals, irradiation, or pesticides (PAULA’S CHOICE SKIN CARE). As time goes by some industries use these...
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...This essay will explore the care plan for the patient with a long-term condition and the necessary health promotion advice. According to NMC (2008) nurses must deliver care based on the best available evidence or best practice. This will be accomplish by assess patient, plan of care and intervention. In addition the author will explain the use of evidence-based practice for the safe delivery of care and the evaluation of patient’s outcomes. During the author’s placement, she met Mr John Wood, aged 68, who was admitted in hospital for the elective surgery of total knee repair. He is diabetic, has high blood pressure, asthma and is obese. He has lived with these conditions for the past twenty years, and he managed by medications. He quit smoking in 1979. He is independent and still working full time as a machine operator. In addition he is a main carer for his partner who has terminal illness. During the assessment Mr John seems well. Apart from the health conditions which are managed well by medication, his obesity was the priority for his health. It was with this knowledge of Mr John and his identified needs that the author used to draw up a meaningful plan of care. Planning is the second phase of the nursing process (Johns 2000). In this phase, the nurse develops a plan to assist the patient to meet needs identified in the assessment process (White 2003). According to Aggleton and Chalmers (2000) planning of care is necessary to identify the problems or needs...
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...Happiness By Huang Lu Xin Happiness is a mental or emotional state of well-being characterized by positive or pleasant emotions ranging from contentment to intense joy. A variety of biological, psychological and religious and philosophical approaches have striven to define happiness and identify its sources. Various research groups, including positive psychology, endeavor to apply the scientific method to answer questions about what "happiness" is, and how it might be attained. It's of such fundamental importance to the human condition that Life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness were deemed unalienable rights on the United States Declaration of Independence. Philosophers and religious thinkers often define happiness in terms of living a good life, or flourishing rather than simply as an emotion. Happiness in this sense was used to translate the Greek Eudaimonia, and is still used in virtue ethics. Happiness is a fuzzy concept and can mean many things to many people. Part of the challenge of a science of happiness is to identify different concepts of happiness, and where applicable, split them into their components. There is a book named ‘Handbook of Emotion’. The editors and contributors are foremost authorities who describe major theories, findings, methods, and applications. In the 2nd Edition of the Handbook of Emotion, evolutionary psychologists Leda Cosmides and John Tooby say that happiness comes from "encountering unexpected positive events". In the...
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...Running head: INFREQUENCY OF EXERCISE Infrequency of Exercise in Americans and its Potential Dangers Elecia Black MAT 540: Statistical Concepts for Research Instructor Charles Edeki October 7, 2013 Introduction The issue that was selected for this paper is the lack of exercise among Americans and the potential dangers that lack of exercise lead to. This issue was selected because lack of exercise is putting peoples’ health at risk as a nation. According to research studies, Americans do not exercise as often as they should. Reasons such as work, children, not having access to exercise facilities, and etc. have been given as to why this lack of exercise has occurred. However, many people have come to the conclusion that they do not exercise because they feel as if they do not have a reason to. And for this very reason, the American people are jeopardizing their health. This infrequency of exercise often leads to potential dangers such as obesity, high blood pressure, heart disease, diabetes and colon cancer to name a few. But, research shows that with more frequent exercise, these potential dangers can be reduced and promote a healthier America. Statement of the Problem According to a study done by the US Department of Health and Human Services, regular physical activity reduces the risk of premature death and disability from a variety of conditions including heart disease, diabetes, and colon cancer. Some people are unaware of the fact that lack of exercise will...
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...Introduction Islam is a monotheistic religious custom that grew in the Middle East in the seventh century C.E. Islam, which truly signifies "surrender" or "accommodation," was established on the teachings of the Prophet Muhammad as a statement of surrender to the will of Allah, the maker and sustainer of the world. The ascent of Islam is characteristically connected with the Prophet Muhammad, accepted by Muslims to be “the last” end in a long line of prophets that incorporates Moses and Jesus. Since Muhammad was the picked beneficiary and delivery person of the expression of God through the heavenly disclosures, Muslims from all kinds of different backgrounds endeavor to take after his sample. After the heavenly Qur'an, the adages of the Prophet (hadith) and portrayals of his lifestyle (Sunna) are the most imperative Muslim writings (MET museum, 2015). Sufi Sufism is a Muslim development whose supporters try to discover awesome truth and love through direct experiences with God. Sufism has been an unmistakable development inside Islam all through the vast majority of its history. It developed out of an early plain development inside Islam, which, similar to its Christian devout partner, tried to check the experience that accompanied the fast extension of the Muslim group. Sufism emerged from inside Islam in the eighth ninth hundreds of years C.E. as a self-denying development. The development may have been given (or tackled) the name Sufism in light of the course fleece pieces...
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