...described the scientific importance of the discovery of the atomic bomb. Immediately after the droppings of the atomic bombs on Japan until the present day, there were many debates on whether the Manhattan Project was justified or if nuclear weapons are even ethical. Seeing the destruction of the “Little Man” and “Fat Boy” bombs in the moment arose great fear and discontent. However, looking at the Manhattan Project in retrospect shows that the advantages gained through the years greatly outweigh the consequences of the nuclear weapons. The Manhattan Project was a pivotal endeavor in America’s history...
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...Climate change has meant a renewed interest in nuclear power as a means of providing for the world’s energy needs. Discuss the implications for Australia’s mining industry? Australia is the world’s largest coal exporter and has the second largest deposit of coal in the world. Although the world is currently in the throes of a global financial crisis, Australia’s economy one of the few in the developed world to stay afloat has been buoyed considerably by its exports industry, particularly that of coal. Despite Australia’s promise to reduce carbon emissions by 5% in accordance with its commitment to the Kyoto protocol, the coal industry has been lucky enough to avoid almost all penalties that other industries are set to receive under the proposed carbon emission trading scheme . This combined with Australia continuing to stall further international discussions on combating climate change has earned Australia the reputation of “A nation of climate sinners” . It is obvious that despite a lot of rhetoric on the importance of addressing climate change, the Australian government is not willing to commit to solving the global challenge of climate change to an appreciable degree while such a large part of the Australian economy is at stake. For the Australian government to fully commit to its promises on combating climate change, a way to free the Australian economy of its coal dependence needs to be found. The world is in a new era of energy production where it is no longer a question...
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...In the light of the developing Iranian nuclear capability, assess the continuity and change in contemporary American foreign policy towards Iran’s quest to become a regional hegemon. This study begins with the premise that Iran and Iraq were, following the end of the Cold War, seen as the two obstacles to American hegemony in the Middle East. America has always had strong strategic interest in the area. During the Cold War, the Middle East was one of the battlegrounds from which to contain the Soviet Union, and therefore all policy was generally in line with preventing Soviet domination of the area through containment and deterrence, thereby protecting American strategic interests. With the Soviet threat confined to history, America found itself without a global competitor in what has been called The Unipolar Moment (Krauthammer 1990). This dissertation seeks to understand and analyse how the administrations in power in America during the unipolar moment have adapted their thinking towards the Middle East beyond Cold War paradigms, chiefly in reference to the rise of Iran as a possible regional hegemon bolstered by its nuclear ambitions. In order to understand this question, the analysis will examine changing ideological perspectives and the effects of those perspectives on the exercise of foreign policy. The study will focus primarily on the policies of the William J. Clinton (Clinton) and George W. Bush (Bush II) administrations. The reasoning for this is one of context...
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...in 1945 with the victory of the allies, a new war was launched. It was a battle predominantly between the USA and the Soviet Union, between two conflicting ideologies: America’s capitalism versus and the Soviet Union’s communism. Ranging from two of the most devastating wars; the Korean War (1950) and the Vietnam war in the 60s, to the smaller conflicts in the Middle East and Africa in terms of the scale of the battle, every corner of the globe was involved in the Cold War. (Dunbabin 1994) The USA and the Soviet Union were the sole super powers at the end of the Second World War. There are a number of views regarding why the Cold war was unavoidable, and one of the reasons is that both countries were expansionist. The USA in particular was afraid of the Soviet sphere of influence over Europe in particular, believing that it needed to be contained. (Mowry, 1962) But on the part of the Soviet Union, it was also afraid of the USA’s power and its ideology which it believed to be evil and imperialist. This triggered ambitions of taking over Eastern Europe, whether driven by a defensive or offensive motive. As the ‘Iron Curtain’ was set up in Europe, it was clear that the tension between the Soviet Union and the USA led capitalist counterparts (Britain, France and other NATO members in particular) developed. (The Cold war,Britannica) However a direct...
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...The Benefits Of Powering Our Future With Nuclear Energy February 26, 2015 The Benefits Of Powering Our Future With Nuclear Energy A significant issue that impacts the American economy today is the increasing demand for energy, the availability of fuel, and the rising cost of electricity. There are many Americans who have anti-nuclear views for many different reasons related to safety, security and economics. These Americans oppose the construction of new nuclear plants because they are focused solely on the potential negative aspects of nuclear power generation such as radiation exposure and terrorism. These concerns are legitimate; however, evidence suggests that America should support building more nuclear power plants because nuclear power is a safe, economic and environmentally sound energy source. In exploring the safety aspects of nuclear power generation, we find that one of the most prevalent reasons that people are opposed to nuclear plant construction is their fear of the risks that are associated with radiation exposure. When nuclear power is generated, material is produced that emits radiation. This material can come into contact with people during routine power plant operation. In addition, radiation can be released during nuclear power plant accidents, and transportation of nuclear material. As described by University of Pittsburgh Professor Bernard Cohen, “radiation exposure can damage biological cells and thereby initiate a cancer and cause genetic diseases”...
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...Justin Smith ENGB 5142 The Role and Challenges of Renewable Energy Energy is readily available everywhere and comes in various forms. Our universe was created when an infinitely large ball of energy suddenly collapsed and appeared as a small single speck that still contained vast amounts of energy and very low volume. Energy is a property of matter that allows life to occur. Energy sources can be transferred. Stated more eloquently in the First Law of Thermodynamics, “Energy cannot be created nor destroyed, but can change form.” Capturing different forms of universal energy and transferring them for purposeful use is essential for the progress of modern life. Transferring energy sources in methods of energy production is at the root of every developed nation and its renewability is central to economic development. How can we capture and redirect different forms of energy for more practical use? There are numerous ways to do this; many of which are commonplace around the world today. Acquiring certain forms of energy for use may require mining, drilling, combustion technology, photovoltaic panels, wind turbines, and other technologies. In the following paragraphs we will explore the vast world of energy by looking at the disadvantages to nonrenewable energy and taking an in-depth look at renewable energy sources and exploring the challenges associated with employing these types of sources in an effort to create energy sustainability in our world. We will also...
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...little to no pollution. The United States of America however, is very slow with getting on board with the rest of the countries across the world who has embraced the methods of using natural energy. China and Russia have begun to fuel most of their energy using solar power and water, yet the United States continues to stick to the older ways of coal, oil and nuclear plants to power our part of the world. There have been studies and research done on how the toxic pollution from these dirty forms of energy is causing major damage to the environment. There are even more problems with the people who have to live near these energy plants or breathe in the harmful air which can cause heart problems, cancer and sometimes even death. America has always been the master cranium when it came to making innovative ideas that the world would soon follow. Now, it may be time for America to learn a few facts from other countries on how to incorporate a better way to power up this nation. What are we waiting on, this is America. Natural Power is an independent renewable energy that uses the power from the sun, wind, water or anything in nature to produce power and energy. The research to begin using this natural form of energy was originally created over concerns of how years of pollution was leading to an environmental decline. In the 1800’s, Charles Fritz and Lester Pelton were the first scientists who found hydroelectric power and solar power and believed it could change...
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...Mitigation Strategies and Solutions SCI-275 Mitigation Strategies and Solutions There are many environmental problems that are present because of humankind’s impact within this world. Each of the environmental problems that we create is not only impacting the source where the problem is but they are also impacting other problems within this environment. For example using oil for automobiles and to create electricity is not only reducing the resources of oil and creating an energy problem on this planet they are also creating atmospheric pollution. A single change in a positive or negative way can have an effect on many other factors of this environment. In order to create positive change there needs to be proper research and education into what changes will have the best impact on this planet. The cost of the change will always be a factor but humankind needs to consider; is the cost of change a bigger factor than the change itself. There needs to be real consideration for the impact that we have over the environment by our actions and not the cost of what it will take to make a positive impact; the longer humankind takes to make positive changes the more it will inevitable cost to make those changes. The different environmental problems at this point in time that impact this planet are all linked; they all break down to how much carbon dioxide we are producing on this planet. Carbon dioxide is produced by using nonrenewable resources such as oil and coal and has...
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...In what ways is foreign policy a problem of identity and alterity? Foreign policy is in every way a problem of identity and alterity because identification of the “foreign” exists at the very core of every decision making process in foreign policy. Foreign policy is defined as the strategy or approach chosen by the national government to achieve its goals in its relations with external entities (Hudson, 2008). It should not be understood as a bridge between preexisting states with secure identities. Rather, foreign policy is concerned about the establishment of the boundaries that constitute the state and the international system. There is a dichotomy here between the Self (the state) and the Other (the international system) (Campbell, 1998). In this context, the concepts of identity and alterity are inextricably tied together because defining oneself necessarily entails an “othering” process where one’s identity is built on what it is not, rather than what it is. In essence, identity is built on alterity. Furthermore, it is pertinent to note that the identity of a state is more than just something that is derived from a process of contradistinction. It is not a stable, single unitary “I”. It is a condition that has depth, is multilayered, possesses texture and comprises many dimensions. (Campbell, 1998) The identity of the state is also constantly in flux, being shaped constantly by both external and internal forces. With the process of globalization, the divide between...
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...Ghosh October, 2012 Thesis submitted in partial fulfillment to the Ph.D (Arts) Degree in Political Science Department of Political Science, The University of Burdwan, Golapbag, Burdwan, Pin - 713104, West Bengal, India. Content Page No. 1. Preface 2. Acknowledgement I-II III 3. Abbreviations IV-VI 4. Chapter - 1 : Introduction 1-10 5.Chapter - 2 : Indo-U.S. Relations in the Cold War Period 11-41 6.Chapter - 3 : Indo-US Diplomatic Ties in the Post- Cold War Period 42-79 7.Chapter - 4 : Indo-U.S. Economic, Technological and Scientific Co-operation 80-131 8.Chapter - 5 : 9/11 Incident: US Attitude towards Terrorism Vis-à-vis India and Pakistan 132-169 9.Chapter - 6 : India’s Nuclear Links with the USA 170-204 10. Chapter - 7 : Conclusion 205-214 11. Select Bibliography 215-237 Preface Indo-U.S. relations constitute important and influential relations in this world politics. It influences not only the U.S.-Pakistani and the Sino-Indian relations to a great extent; ‘Indo-U.S. relations in the post-Cold War period (1992-2006)’ has been the title of the present dissertation. Beginning against the back ground of the U.S.-Pakistani Arms Assistance Agreement of 1954, the Indo-U.S. relations had witnessed many ups and down in the following years. For example, there had been flourishes in Indo-U.S. relations in the early years of 1960s under the Kennedy Administration. This ascent in relations continued...
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...John Fitzgerald Kennedy, towards Latin America during his term in office between 1961 and 1963. Kennedy voiced support for the containment of Communism and the reversal of Communist progress in the Western Hemisphere. The Kennedy Doctrine was essentially an expansion of the foreign policy prerogatives of the previous administrations of Dwight D. Eisenhower and Harry S. Truman. The foreign policies of these presidents all revolved around the threat of communism and the means by which the United States would attempt to contain the spread of it. The Truman Doctrine focused on the containment of communism by providing assistance to countries resisting communism in Europe while the Eisenhower Doctrine was focused upon providing both military and economic assistance to nations resisting communism in the Middle East and by increasing the flow of trade from the United States into Latin America. The Kennedy Doctrine was based on these same objectives but was more concerned with the spread of communism and Soviet influence in Latin America following the Cuban revolution that brought Fidel Castro to power under Eisenhower during the 1950s. Some of the most notable events that stemmed from tenets of JFK’s foreign policy initiatives in regard to Latin America and the spread of communism were: The Bay of Pigs Invasion, April 17, 1961, Increase of U.S. involvement in Vietnam War, 1962, Cuban Missile Crisis, October, 1962, and Ratification of Nuclear Test Ban Treaty, July, 1963. The Bay of...
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...Introduction As the strongest country in the world, America can done all kinds of oppressions onto any country that US like either through strong military force, from economic way and also social of that country. American corporations and popular culture has actually affects the lives and infect the indigenous cultures of millions around the world. Due to the foreign policy of the US government, backed by its military strength, has unprecedented global influence now that the America is the world’s only superpower-its first ‘hyperpower’. America lead all the ways whereby it exports its value systems, defining what it means to be civilized, rational-indeed, what actually it is to be human. Apart from that, America itself is impervious to outside influence, and if most Americans think of the rest of the world at all, it is in terms of deeply ingrained cultural stereotypes. Many people do hate America from Middle East to the developing countries as well as in Europe. Along with the happening of tragedy 9-11, public has focused on the question-‘Why do people hate America?’ This is a loaded question and not simply a statement. However, it would not be weird if people hate America as they often oppressed many other weaker countries especially countries from the Third World. The oppressions done by America can be grouped into three major ways that are politically, economically, and from the social aspect too. Politics The brand of external interventionism adopted by...
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...battle between countries to maintain governmental status. The country was also recovering for World War II at this time and was standing their ground against the Soviet Union, fighting for their values and beliefs with only words and standing tall to represent their country. The cold war was a battle of threats and words with no physical fighting. The threats were about the nuclear weapons that were being housed in the Soviet Union after President Kennedy stated that we would not stand for these types of mass destruction weapons to be housed for the potential use against us and each countries standing up for its values, beliefs, and government (What was the Cold War, 00-12). The US and the Soviet Union were allies during WWII and as the shift in power and the rise of communism in the Middle East the tension between the two began to rise. Neither of the two countries wanted to take the first step towards a nuclear war so both sides just built wall to keep others out and as a method of showing their power and territory. As Kennedy states “We will no prematurely or unnecessarily risk the costs of worldwide nuclear war in which even the fruits of victory would be ashes in our mouth – but neither will we shrink from that risk at any time it must be faced.”(Farber, 1994), this statement shows that we will not start the fight but we also as a nation will not be afraid to stand up to you if you do strike. Starting a...
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...PRESENTATION DESCRIPTION | |Nuclear has been the biggest fear in the world when it is used as |Nuclear Threat Nuclear weapon and its physical damage | |weapon and it has insurmountable negative effects on societies in |Nuclear weapon deterioration of health – what kinds of radiation are | |terms of its physical destruction and deterioration on human health. |emitted in a nuclear explosion and what effect do they have on human | |Not a thesis statement but a statement of fact. |beings? | |Try: Why is it best for nuclear attack victims to be right at Ground |http://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/gcsebitesize/science/ocr_gateway_pre_2011| |Zero? |/living_future/4_nuclear_radiation1.shtml | |Working Thesis Statement: Countries may use the nuclear weapons in |Oral Presentation Thesis Statement (must be based on PART of the | |future because of the possibility of religious war and the other |research project): The time between 1946 and 2012, no atomic bomb had| |reasons. |been used even as an overt thread threat in any warpolitical crisis, | |I will argue that there is a strong possibility that nuclear weapons |the reasons … (I will find by researching.) ...
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...The cold war between the United States and the Soviet Union was the direct effect of gaining supremacy and power after WWII. United States being a capitalist nation was economically, socially and politically heading in the right direction while the Soviet Union was trying to stamp it communist authority on the world. This showed that both these nations had different post war agendas. While the United States wanted to move on and establish itself as a powerful democratic leader, Soviets were more wary of avoiding further attacks and set defensive border policies with its western states. This allowed Stalin and other Soviet leaders to have a direct influence over Eastern Europe and stop Americans the access to these markets, thus denying them to export their democratic influence. The threat of communism looming over the world during the late forties and fifties impacted the foreign policies of the United States. President Truman who was at the helm during the late forties revolved his foreign policies around the containment of communism. Soviets influence in Greece and Turkey made Americans wary of the fact that the continuing influence of the Soviets on other nations can be disastrous. Truman came up with his own Truman doctrine which revolved around the containment policy. The Truman Doctrine did not only influence United States foreign policy in Greece and Turkey but for the next several decades, other American leaders would refer to the doctrine as a justification for United...
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