...The Oklahoma City bombing, a devastating act of domestic terrorism, occurred on April 19, 1995. Targeting the Alfred P. Murrah Federal Building in downtown Oklahoma City, the attack resulted in the tragic loss of 168 lives and left hundreds injured. Perpetrated by Timothy McVeigh, the bombing was fueled by their anger towards the federal government, particularly in response to incidents like Waco and Ruby Ridge. The sheer scale of destruction and loss of life shook the nation to its core, leaving a lasting impact on both the local community and the entire country. In the aftermath of the bombing, an outpouring of support and comfort emerged from across the nation. Volunteers, emergency responders, and ordinary citizens came together to assist the victims and their families,...
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...DB Unit 4 - Victims of Terrorism, Hate Crimes & Racial Profiling November 27, 2012 Every year, many people around the world suffer disasters; whether they are natural for example hurricanes, tornadoes, floods, earthquakes and extreme heat, as caused by man, for example terrorist attacks. Although it is not possible to predict when and where these destructive forces will occur, yes it might learn from each disaster and take certain measures to safeguard our physical and emotional well-being. According with International Terrorism and Security Research (n.d.), terrorism is a set of acts of violence used to generate terror in people of a particular country. The aim of the terrorists is to achieve political goals using force rather than reason; reprehensible acts that often cause damage to large numbers of innocent people. When a terrorist attack happens people experience damage psychological as well as the physical consequences of the same. Over the years has not been too into account this psychological damage, which however is of great relevance; Although increasingly more considered these emerging psychological repercussions, it gives the feeling that there is still long way to go in this regard. Residents of Shady Oaks, a community that has a high number of elderly and disabled people, need a program to instruct them on how to prepare for a terrorist attack or catastrophe. These elderly live quiet and safe in your community since they think that a terrorist act ever happened...
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...Background Terrorism is a strategy and tactic, a holy duty and a crime, an unacceptable response to oppression and an intolerable abomination. A common definition is that terrorism is an illegal act that affects an audience further than the direct victim. The tactic of terrorists is to perform acts of bloodshed that draw interest of the government, population and the world at large. Terrorists prepare their attack to get the largest publicity, selecting targets that signify what they resist. The success of a terror attack lies, not on the attack, but in the government’s or public’s response to the act (Larry, 2011). There are three views of terrorism; the victim’s, the terrorist’s and the public. The expression “one person’s terrorist is another person’s” freedom fighter’ is perspective terrorists would embrace. Terrorists do not regard themselves as wicked. They consider themselves as fighters, fighting for what they trust in, by any means possible. Victims of terrorist acts view the terrorists as evil with no consideration to human existence. The public’s perspective is the most unbalanced because people view terrorism acts differently. Terrorism is an essential part of mental warfare and requires to be opposed vigorously (Weisburd, 2009). Law makers, scholars and security experts have defined different forms of terrorism. These forms of terrorism vary according to the attack means the attacker uses (for instance biological) or by what they are opposing (eco-terrorism). State...
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...The People’s Republic of China Positions for the Group of 77 (G-77) ______________________________________________________________________________ I. Examining International Terrorism: Developing a Joint Proposal for Counter-Terrorism Efforts The People’s Republic of China recognizes the need for the international community to adopt a comprehensive approach with cooperative measures in a multi-faceted method to combat global terrorism. The world has experienced decades of pointless terrorist attacks--in particular, the tragic loss of life on September 11th, 2001 in The United States. As proven throughout history, force alone cannot fundamentally resolve disputes and conflicts, and the national concept of security based on the use of force and the threat to use force can hardly bring about lasting peace in today’s world. Against this backdrop, an intensive cooperative security measure featuring dialogue and cooperation has emerged as the new global agenda. China’s security concept seeks common security against terrorism threats in developing nations through mutually-beneficial cooperation established through international cooperation against the use of terrorism. Terrorism is a result of complex array of political, economic, and social factors which cannot be resolved by military force alone. Only through strengthening of dialogue and cooperation between nations throughout the world can a fundamental approach to common security be achieved. Estimations show that global...
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...EN1320 Monday 6:00pm – 10:45pm Unit 5 Assignment 1: Genre Essay- Proposal Draft Terrorism Terrorisms have been part of our lives for a long time. In recent years terrorist attacks have sky rocketed due to governmental and religious disputes. Terrorism comes in different ways such as murder, kidnaping, hijacking and bombings. Terrorism like its own word describes terrorizes by interrupting the peace and our security by the use of political and religious attacks. Terrorism has become the number one choice to probe governmental and religious opposition to those who oppose the cause or believe of certain groups. Some of these terrorist groups take aim at specific location to create fear on those who don’t follow their cause hoping that the fear will make you not want to oppose them. Many groups operate within a single nation or region. (Wilcox, page 1) These groups can also spread out all through the world making hard to control as they rely on guerrilla warfare. (Mockaitis, Par 3) Now in this day and age we have this groups joining terrorist leader spreading all across the world making it hard to monitor and control terrorist attacks. We receive treat on a daily bases now a days, therefore counter terrorism has to be at the top of the game. In a time where every nation is connected with each other, protecting our assets has become much greater. (Cordesman, Par 1) because of the importance of protecting these assets, most countries have special units working around the clock...
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...Judiciaries Focus upon the idea of law enforcement and statutory interpretation. Link the judiciary to the concept of the rule of law and thus to the constitutional importance of an independent judiciary in a modern liberal democracy Role – law enforcement, statutory interpretation, legality of government decisions, application of EU and HRA, protect citizens rights and liberties and potential for involvement in political process (note reduced by creation of Supreme Court however some judges will still seek to make political points especially with regard to political interference in judicial decision making). Consider issues of relative importance between the above factors. Role and power of judiciaries Powers – Judicial Review, Human Rights Act and application of EU law in the UK. Traditionally UK judiciaries only had judicial oversight of decision making by public bodies thus lacking legislative oversight but this has come into force with application of HRA and EU legislation albeit for HRA can only highlight incompatibility and not strike down as in case of US (note can force compliance in case of EU law) Judicial Review – applies to all public bodies can be granted on grounds of ultra vires, irrationality of decision and discrimination. Most cases filtered out in advance and rare for public body to lose (approx 5%). High profile cases such as Herceptin, Standard Life and BAE have forced government and public bodies to change actions (note latter Government won after appeal...
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...Cynthia Howard The Importance of Protecting U.S. National Security and the Health and Safety of People and Property from Terrorists Word Count: Dr. Leerburger The Importance of Protecting U.S. National Security and the Health and Safety of People and Property from Terrorists Terrorism is real and is increasing in frequency. Terrorist incidents are designed to cause as much damage as possible, and to cause as much injury as possible and death. In the world today, emergency responders and the people who help them encounter more advanced challenges that risk not only their lives but the public’s lives as well. The risks that emergency responders encounter in the world today puts them at a higher level of danger, because they may...
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...Gérard Chaliand. The History of Terrorism: From Antiquity to Al Qaeda. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press, 2007. Change plus vite, hélas! que le coeur d'un mortel. The form of a town changes more swiftly alas! Than the heart of a mortal. Charles Baudelaire, Le Cygne (The Swan) In The History of Terrorism: From Antiquity to Al Qaeda, edited by Gérard Chaliand and Arnaud Blin, readers will find an excellent compilation of essays regarding the history of terrorism. Beginning with the earliest recorded manifestations of terrorism to the present day, the editors provide not only detailed accounts of terrorism through the ages, but valuable historical context that helps the reader understand the complexities of the terrorism we face today. Overall, the purpose of this book is to show that terrorism is used for political purposes, that it is psychological in nature, and that this has been the case throughout history. The editors organize this collection of essays into a roughly chronological order that provides continuity to the argument that terrorism has evolved throughout history, while maintaining signature characteristics that distinguish it from other types of warfare. Beginning with the Zealots and Assassins of pre-medieval history, readers will soon begin to make connections between the various eras of terrorism. Additionally, this chronological arrangement lends itself to understanding that from its earliest stages, terrorism has always been a tactic that...
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...On September 11, 2001 terrorists crashed two American airplanes into the World Trade Center (WTC) and the Pentagon, killing thousands of people. It was the worst terrorist attack in American history and it showed us that we are not protected by Atlantic and Pacific. It showed us that we could be attacked by anyone at anytime. It showed us that if we will be attacked again that we can only depend on each other and not on other nations to help us. September 11th changed people forever, some lost family members or friends, others lost their jobs, or their so called “American Dream.” Not only did the attack on the U.S. bring Americans together closer together as a country, it also brought on changes that included the newly developed Department of Homeland Security (DHS). DHS was charged with protecting the country and territories from another terrorist attacks, but also responding to an attack, man-made accident, and natural disasters. If the U.S. had given homeland security as much attention prior to September 11th as it does today, the WTC’s may still be standing. The events on September 11th, 2001 should have never happened to a country with as much resources and technology as the U.S. My review focuses on John Mueller’s article “How Dangerous are the Taliban?” The Taliban was founded in 1994, which is fairly young for organization that is notoriously known for violence. The Taliban began as a small group of students that studied Islam from Afghan refugee camps. The...
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...Since the early 1990s, the internet has grown technologically faster and with more capabilities than any other type of technology in the world, leaving the United State with a sense of fear with this type of network being a risk to our national security. While most of us find the internet to be a great tool of information, and unlimited capabilities, it can devastate us personally and financially. The internet can increase the risk of theft, fraud and even the possibility to suffer from a cyber-attack or even worse a cyber-terrorism, leaving our country at risk especially for those who work in the government defense agencies and private corporations. In 2003, the conflict with Iraq created a round of speculations that the United States was going to experience cyber-attacks in revenge (Clarke). But, since 1995 there haven’t been any reports of cyber-attacks that would produce panic or damage to U.S. infrastructure or that affects our military operations. By any means this is not a result of idleness by terrorist groups. Between 1996 and the end of 2001 there was 1,813 international terrorist attacks performed. To mention a few that involved citizen targets, there is the Khobar Tower Bombing in June 1996, the Embassy Bombing in East Africa in August 1998, and the USS Cole attack in October 2000. Between 1996 and 2003, to compare between terrorist attacks around 1,813, computer security incidents around 217,394 and cyber-attacks on infrastructure which they were 0, reporters have...
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...LANDERS COLD WAR AND COMMUNISM While watching the video "Duck and Cover" I was left with an emotion of discomfort yet, understanding. I felt an uneasy feeling that the world has to result into violence to "solve" problems. As an adult I do understand the importance on teaching our children how important is to be safe. I can visualize that if I were a child thru this time, I would have sensed the urgency and done my best to prepare myself for any unusably activities. As a child I remember being taught to be cautious, and safe in case of a tornado, earthquake, or even a fire. I was really focused on knowing the importance of following directions, in case of possible danger. While watching "Duck and Cover” and also thinking about an atomic bomb. Ducking, and Covering probably would of not been as much as affective danger measures as we would have today. I am not sure that this protecting measure, would have been much effective. Today American children, and adults face another type of danger which is terrorism. Unlike an Atomic bomb terrorism is one of the most dangerous attack. Why, because terrorism can come from your own people. People you have put so much trust in. Now days our schools are not even safe, I feel terrorism is a difficult attack (like the atomic bomb) to protect our children and adults from, without fashioning a level of terror and possible refinement. As with the threat of an atomic attack I feel organizing, and effective plan for a terrorist attack may...
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...as stakeholders in international relations and has granted some of them observer status at the UN General Assembly and permanent representation in New York. The right to speak at the United Nations General Assembly meetings, participation in procedural votes, and to sponsor and sign resolutions means that regional organisations can influence relationships between countries. The three main roles of regional organizations that justify their existence are Peacekeeping and Security, Combating Terrorism, and Disaster Risk Reduction Peacekeeping and Security Regional organizations have an increasing responsibility to maintain a peaceful and stable environment among countries, accelerate growth and development in their member countries through joint endeavours, and maintain beneficial cooperation with existing international and regional organisations. The increasing need of strengthening the role of regional organizations in maintaining international peace and security demonstrates the importance of regional organizations in international relations. A report by the UN Secretary General, An Agenda for Peace, emphasises that regional organizations might be used to support UN peace efforts ranging from preventive diplomacy to post conflict peace building. The role of regional organizations in peacekeeping and international security is destined to continue growing with a view toward...
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...The Social Studies (2011) 102, 175–179 Copyright C Taylor & Francis Group, LLC ISSN: 0037-7996 print / 2152-405X online DOI: 10.1080/00377996.2011.585551 9/11 in the Curriculum: A Retrospective DIANA HESS1 and JEREMY STODDARD2 1 2 Curriculum and Instruction, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA School of Education, The College of William & Mary, Williamsburg, Virginia, USA This article uses a curricular analysis study to examine how the events of 9/11 and their aftermath are presented to secondary students in supplemental curriculum and social studies textbooks published from 2002–2010. Shortly after 9/11, many political leaders and social studies educators advocated teaching about 9/11 and its aftermath because these events provided a unique “teachable moment,” even though there was often bitter disagreement about what ideological messages related to 9/11 should be promoted in the schools. Within one year, many non-profit organizations and even the United States Department of State developed materials on 9/11 that were disseminated to secondary schools. As the first editions of post-9/11 textbooks came out, it was also evident that content about 9/11 and what happened in its wake would be given special attention. To investigate what was being communicated to young people about 9/11 and its aftermath to students, we analyzed nine curricula from the non-profits and the government in the first few years after 9/11, a sample of nine of history and government...
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...in "The Devils," a novel portraying the multifarious political climate of 19th century Russia. This often-overlooked period, which presaged the Communist Revolution, saw Russia experiencing unprecedented levels of terrorism by an assortment of groups such as anarchists, nihilists, populists and socialists. The discussion of this tumultuous and critical period is among the most engaging passages in "The History of Terrorism: From Antiquity to Al Qaeda," edited by Gérard Chaliand and Arnaud Blin. The book, which includes essays by the editors as well as other scholars, provides a useful and levelheaded survey of a subject that is regularly understood and often manipulated. The very term "terrorism" is complex and takes on widely varying meanings depending on one's viewpoint. Accordingly, the book begins with a rigorous chapter by political scientist Ariel Merari that provides both a typology of terrorist acts and thoughtful insights on what distinguishes terrorism from other forms of violence. Although many definitions of terrorism exist, Merari discerns three common elements in these definitions: "(1) the use of violence; (2) political objectives; and (3) the intention of sowing fear in a target population." These common elements recur in the book's survey of terrorism, which begins with the ancient Jewish sect known as the Zealots, who rebelled against the Roman Empire, and an extremist Muslim group called the Assassins, who terrorized European crusaders. Chaliand and Blin make...
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...(Laqueur, 1976) This essay will propose that the media coverage of acts of terror occurs for the main purpose of reporting on the news, it heightens the public’s awareness of such incidents and aids in counterterrorism, thus having a detrimental effect on the terrorists and their cause. Laqueur’s statement that the media are the terrorists’ best friends implies that their coverage of terrorism aids the terrorists. We will examine and disprove the hypotheses that coverage of terrorism in the media, and the publicity and attention terrorists gain through media reporting of their acts of terror are beneficial to their cause. For the purposes of this essay media will be used as a “…generic term meaning all the methods or channels of information and entertainment” (P.Wilkinson, 1997:51) and as found within majority of the theories and concepts discussed, the term terrorism, and therefore terrorist, is used to describe violence carried out in the name of a political, ideological or racial cause by a person who wishes to influence the government and, or, intimidate the public. (www.mi5.gov.uk) Terrorism is a psychological weapon (P.Wilkinson, 1997:54), which is dependent upon communication of its threat. The easiest way terrorists can disseminate their messages of threat is through the manipulation of the media. When using the media, the terrorists’ have four core objectives; communicate propaganda; mobilise support from the public through dissemination of ideology; frustrate the government...
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