...The Indian Rebellion of 1857 began as a mutiny of sepoys of the East India Company's army on 10 May 1857, in the cantonment of the town of Meerut, and soon escalated into other mutinies and civilian rebellions largely in the upper Gangetic plain and central India, with the major hostilities confined to present-day Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, northern Madhya Pradesh, and the Delhi region.[3] The rebellion posed a considerable threat to East India Company power in that region,[4] and was contained only with the fall of Gwalior on 20 June 1858.[3] The rebellion is also known as India's First War of Independence, the Great Rebellion, the Indian Rebellion, the Indian Mutiny, the Revolt of 1857, the Rebellion of 1857, the Uprising of 1857, the Sepoy Rebellion and the Sepoy Mutiny. Other regions of Company-controlled India, such as Bengal, the Bombay Presidency, and the Madras Presidency, remained largely calm.[3] In Punjab, the Sikh princes backed the Company by providing soldiers and support.[3] The large princely states of Hyderabad, Mysore, Travancore, and Kashmir, as well as the smaller ones of Rajputana, did not join the rebellion.[5] In some regions, such as Oudh, the rebellion took on the attributes of a patriotic revolt against European presence.[6] Maratha leaders, such as Lakshmibai, the Rani of Jhansi, became folk heroes in the nationalist movement in India half a century later;[3] however, they themselves "generated no coherent ideology" for a new order.[7] The rebellion led...
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...Discuss the rise of imperialism in India, with special reference to the establishment of British colonial rule in the subcontinent. Why did the British succeed while other empires failed? • Imperialism is when a country dominates another country politically, economically, culturally, etc. o And for the British this was the bigger picture that they had in mind for India. • The British succeeded in India because: o Disunity among Indian princely states. India was more a collection of militaristic princely states. The British successfully used this to play off one state against another. Clive succeeded at Plassey, because Mir Jaffar was willing to betray his master Siraj-Ud-Daulah in lie of being the Nawab. Mir Jaffar himself, was betrayed by Mir Qasim later on. o Superiority over other colonial powers. The other colonial powers in India competing for the share of resources were France, Portugal, Denmark, and Holland. Of the 4, Denmark and Holland could never really be serious competitors to the British. The battle of Amboyna happened in 1623 and this left the Dutch in South East Asia while the British had South Asia. o Portugal focused primarily on the Western coast, Goa, parts of Kerala, Karnataka, and this left the British with vast swathes of unoccupied territory. o France as the major contender to Britian in the race for colonialism. The British Army was more well equipped, more professional, more disciplined compared to the French army, suffering from indiscipline...
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...Mangel Pandey are stories that tell of the Indian people banding together to defeat the British in rejection of their rule over the sub-continent. Movies set in the colonial periods of India are well like by the Indian people as it portrays a significant role in their history and helped form India to what it is today. For example, the British built cities and infrastructure like railways that the Indian people still use today. But the British also inadvertently banded the many different peoples of India together against them, which is what these two movies are all about. Lagaan and The Rising express the unity of Hindus and Muslims, and the breaking of the caste system to form friendship. These two films also depict the British in almost identical ways; all but one of the Britsh characters is scornful about and neglects the Indian people and their customs. It may be coincidence that the same actor, Aamir Khan, plays the main character in both movies that unites the different groups together and share a bond with the “good” British character. However, the extent of the historical accuracy of the portrayal of colonial Britain is up to debate. Of the two films, The Rising presents a more accurate presentation of colonial Britain than Lagaan in its portrayal of the British, Indian society, and the reason why the peoples of India converging to combat British rule. The hit film, Lagaan, is not only extremely entertaining, but it reminds the Indian people what hardships they have gone through...
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...The sepoy rebellion began with the sepoy Indians refusal of using the newly issued rifles that were greased with pig and cow fat. To reload the rifle, they had to bite off the ends of lubricated cartridges. Tasting the fat of animals would be unfaithful and disrespectful for the Indian culture. The British’s discriminatory and unjust policies led to the angry and upset Indian population. The sepoy rebellion was significant because it was the first unified protest against the powerful English rule. It contributed towards the Indian’s movement for independence and increased nationalism among Indians. Unfortunately, the lack of organization and leadership led to the Indians loss. Furthermore, it led the Indians to remain subject under British authority and led to the...
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...were both imperialized by great European powers. Furthermore, they both had Britain as a strong imperialist. In China, Britain wanted luxury goods, like silk and porcelain. Britain also looked at India for luxury goods. Gems, gold, indigo, and spices were just several of the lustful items. Different Europeans nations, ruled different parts of these nations. For India, Britain was the only critical imperialized. Unlike India, China had Britain, Germany, France, and Japan. Russia also had taken the chance to imperialize China at their weak point. After China’s Opium War in the 1800’s, western influence was crowded all around. Spheres of Influence began to form in China. India always had the British East India Company on their backs until the Sepoy...
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...The Indian Mutiny should be renamed the ‘First Indian War of Independence’, How far do you agree? Before one can answer the question, was the Indian Mutiny a war of independence it would be best to define what a war of independence actually is. The oxford dictionary defines independence as “Free from outside control; not subject to another’s authority”. From this we can extrapolate that a war for independence would be a war to remove the authority currently governing India, the British, and to garner the ability to govern themselves, essentially freedom from those ruling them. This would imply that the revolt would be a unified nationalistic cause under a single leader or a group of leaders co-operating. However India’s mutiny lacks a clear cut leader or coherence between those who were proclaimed to be leading the rebellion. Lastly the mutiny was not on a national scale, only parts of the country revolted subsequently throwing the identification of the Indian mutiny as a war of independence into disarray. One interpretation of the 1857 Indian Mutiny claims that the incident was a direct reaction to company insensitivities and the forceful imposition of British culture in preceding years, and was, clearly, by virtue of this, ‘a war of independence’. The first 50 years of the 19th century saw company rulers take an active foothold in attempting to liberalize Indian society with traditional, British Judeo-Christian values, to manufacture, in the words of Thomas Macauley, ‘a class...
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...Before Great Britain's interference India had been split up and ruled by multiple separate empires, the most powerful of which was the Mughal Empire. The Mughal Empire was the biggest and most powerful Indian Empire and It ruled over a largely Hindu or Muslim population from the 16th century to the 18th century. As year past the Mughal Empire slowly began to crumble and weaken as attacks from surrounding empires chipped away at its foundation. At the same time as the Mughal Empire Great Britain was discovered India for the first time. The British East India Company landed in India in 1600 and was founded to increase the silk and spice trade from India to Great Britain. This group was the only company that had the right to ship from India to Britain, creating an effective monopoly on all of Indian trade. The monopoly in combination with years of trade ensured that the company became a rich and powerful institution in India. With the power and riches that the British East India company had now secured they saw that the Mughal empire was weakening and took their chance. June of 1757 was when Great Britain began its rule in India. On one side of the battle was the East India Company, with a mix of British troops and Indian sepoys, while the other side was made up of mostly Indians and some French allies. The battle lasted a number of hours but was a futile fight. From the start commanders of the side of the East India Company had bribed soldiers from the other side to drop their weapons...
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...internal conflict that weakened their government making it an attractive target to be taken over. It was England, in the end, that overthrew India's government and claimed her for England. They did this by first dominating the trade business. Then raised an army called the British East India Company, led by Robert Clive. The Mughal Empire was weak and vulnerable after years of internal conflict between Muslims and Hindus. The English took advantage of the situation using the Mughal empire to establish their administration and the Sepoy Indians to help enforce their rule. A1. The Reaction of the Indigenous people. The natives were reluctant bystanders to the change in leadership. The Indian people also resented the constant racism that the British expressed towards them (Roda, 2013). As the British continued to expand their ideas and power over the Indians, they were insensitive to the native traditions and customs. As an example of this, the Sepoy Indian army, which consists mostly of Muslims and Hindus, were supplied with bullet cartridges greased with pork and beef fat. Both animals are regarded as sacred or forbidden in Hindu and Islamic culture. This caused a revolt on May 10, 1857. In 1877 British parliament stepped in, claiming the entire subcontinent under British rule and proclaimed Queen Victoria as the Empress of India. The last Mughal emperor, Bahadur Shah II, was sent into exile. B. The causative factors and goals: The Russian Revolution in 1917. (violent) ...
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...The Evolution of the British presence in India For more than 200 years before the Indian Mutiny of 1857, there had been a British presence in India. British colonization began at Surat, after the establishment of a factory (the English term for the trading post system originally established by Europeans in foreign territories) in 1613. Over the years the British expanded, creating forts for protection and larger trading stations. Eventually, to make certain that there would be stability and a successful trade business, Britain deployed many of its armed forces and also raised native forces, thus becoming an active power in 18th Century India. The area of British control increased. British expansion affected the entire sub-continent at last partially. The turning point of the Indian Mutiny of 1857 of was ingenious, however there were several factors that proved key in engineering a British victory and maintaining power after the battle. The changes the British enforced, the battles themselves, and the benefits of the victory granted the British permanent access to India. The relationship of the British with their Indian subject gradually became worse as time passed. The invention of the steamships may be partially responsible for the tension between the two peoples, a momentous change in the operation of trade. “The British East India Company had been using steamboats to help maneuver large sailing ships into the narrow harbors of India. Steam technology was then used to...
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...The Chinese have always been a proud, solitary people, and the intrusion of the British and the enforcing of British rule in China, would have pricked the pride of the Chinese who saw them as barbarians. These people wanted their country back, so they advocated violence. This is not the only instance of violence in China over imperialism. There were two wars fought in China over opium because the British were trading it extensively with the Chinese, resulting in thousands becoming addicted to opium. The Chinese wanted this trade to stop so they went to war twice over it and were defeated both times. In India, the British tried to force Indian soldier to go against their religion by making them use powder bags for guns that had beef in the cap. When the Indian soldiers refused to use them, it would lead to the Sepoy rebellion in which the Indians tried to force the British out. Sadly, yet another failure to forcefully remove a European power. In Africa the tribes of the Sudan region attempted to fight the British to stop them from taking their land. The battle is known as the Omdurman Massacre as thousands of Sudanese were...
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...Spring Break Work Ch. 13 Section 1 1) Sui Wendi: First emperor of the Sui dynasty centralized government, restored order, created a new legal code, reformed Bureaucracy Tang Taizong: The founder of the Tang Dynasty, he expanded China to include all that the Han had had and more. Wu Zhao: The only woman to ever declare herself empress, she was a member of the Tang Dynasty. Grand Canal: The 1,100-mile waterway linking the Yellow and the Yangzi Rivers. It was begun in the Han period and completed during the Sui Empire. Zhao Kuangyin: Founder of Song dynasty; originally a general following fall of Tang; took title of Taizu; failed to overcome northern Liao dynasty that remained independent. Li Bo: Most famous poet of the Tang era; blended images of the mundane world with philosophical musings. 2) tributary state: A country that pays tribute in money or goods to a more powerful nation Pagoda: Buddhist temples with many-storied towers; this was adapted from the Chinese 3) The dynasties returned the Middle Kingdom back to its old glory. a) Under the Tang and Song dynasties the emperor ruled over a splendid court filled with aristocratic families. The two main classes of society were the gentry, wealthy landowners, which valued scholarship more than physical labor, and the peasantry, who worked the land and lived off of what they produced. Then the merchants had a lower status in society. Merchants had such a low status in society because according to Confucianism their...
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...to help in analyzing this press as main representative or spokesman of the Muslims of Subcontinent. ∗ ∗∗ Professor of Mass Communication & Dean, Faculty of Education and Humanities, University of Balochistan, Quetta. Professor of History & Director, Area Study Centre for Middle East, University of Balochistan, Quetta. 26 Pakistan Journal of History and Culture, Vol.XXX, No.1, 2009 Revisiting History The War of Independence, which was fought in 1857, is also said to be the beginning of a new era in the history of British India that ended in 1947. The last days of British rule in India in the words of H.V. Hodson were “the climax of a double struggle, at the same time for the national independence by Indians generally and for self-assertion by the Indian Muslims”....
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...that led to it having the fastest growing GDP of any nation. With the power of the East India Trading Company, the British already had control of several ports, as the company had been a major presence in India since the 1600s, even with the Mughal Empire ruling India. The British had immense power in India’s economy, creating settlements known as Madras, Bombay, and Calcutta, which are now major modern cities in India. Britain’s military power led to its ability to have a monopoly on trade, but also later establish their rule in India. In the early 1700s, South Asia saw the decline of the Mughal Empire as it weakened from repeated wars, rebellions, and invasions (Embree, 2006). India was fighting the remnants of the Mughal Empire when the British saw their chance. The rule of the British Raj was a nightmare for the majority of Indians as the British cared solely for the wealth India could provide for them. However, the British did modernize India with Western ideals. The British created a system of infrastructure in India, introducing railroads, the telegraph system, new roads, as well as an improved postal service....
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...PAPER 28 THE HISTORY OF THE INDIAN SUBCONTINENT FROM THE LATE EIGHTEENTH CENTURY TO THE PRESENT DAY READING LIST: 2012-13 C. A. Bayly cab1002@cam.ac.uk 1 The History of The Indian Subcontinent From The Late Eighteenth Century To The Present Day A fifth of the world's population lives in the Indian subcontinent. While today the region’s place in the global world order is widely recognised, this is in fact only the most recent chapter in a longer history. This paper offers an understanding of the part played by the Indian subcontinent role and its people in the making of the modern world. From the decline of the great empire of the Mughals and the rise of British hegemony, to the rise of nationalism, the coming of independence and partition, the consolidation of new nation states despite regional wars and conflicts, and the emergence of India as the largest democracy in the world, this paper is a comprehensive and analytical survey of the subcontinent's modern history. The dynamic and complex relationships between changing forms of political power and religious identities, economic transformations, and social and cultural change are studied in the period from 1757 to 2007. In normal circumstances students will be given 6 supervisions in groups of 1 or 2. Key themes and brief overview: The paper begins by examining the rise of British power in the context of economic developments indigenous to southern Asia; it analyses the role played by Indian polities and social groups...
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...Exam 2: Chapter 28-32 Atlantic revolutions (American, French, Haitian, Latin America) Rise of nationalism Industrialization Global transitions: the americas, the ottoman empire, Romanov Russia, Qin China, Japan. Global empires. Atlantic Revolutions: In the early modern period (1450-1750. Period of early European exploration and contact. It caused the establishment of european commercial empires. Primary tributary, it focused on trade, and some settler comics. This caused there to be “nation-states”, in tern proto-industrialization in europe (innovation) Europe started into three major processes: Revolution, (and nationalism) Industrialization Imperialism Lastly the Rise of the “nation-state” Age of Enlightenment (1650-1780’s) There were plenty of forward thinkers. Each was moving toward science as the new way of thinking. They used the application of universal laws of the natural world to social world. They valued ration over revelation. The government was as a contract. The ideas of Freedom, equality and sovereignty were held as the highest. The belief was to move forward in progress. French Revolution (1789-1799) The aim was to abolish the monarchy that was in france, it ultimately failed. It was far more radical than the American, but still failed. Mostly because they had no idea how to run a government. Whereas the Americans had some knowledge about their own rule. Napoleon Bonaparte (1769-1821) Declared himself emperor and attempted to bring...
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