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The Iron Lady

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Submitted By arienxx
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EARLY CHILDHOOD: Physical, Cognitive and Psychosocial Development

Bodily Growth and Change

 Around

age 3, children lose “baby roundness”
◦ Limbs lengthen, height increases

 Cartilage

turns to bone faster

Brain Development



By 6 years, brain is at 95% peak volume Corpus callosum, linking left and right hemispheres, improves functioning Most rapid growth in areas that support thinking, language, and spatial relations





Motor Skills
Gross



◦ Involves large muscle groups ◦ Jumping and running



Fine

◦ Using eye-hand and smallmuscle coordination ◦ Buttoning a shirt, drawing pictures

Handedness

Usually evident by age 3  Heritability


Cognitive Development: Symbolic Function


The ability to use symbols that have meaning
◦ Words ◦ Numbers ◦ Images



Examples

◦ Deferred imitation ◦ Pretend play and language

DEFERRED IMITATION • Having a mental representation of a previously observed event

PRETEND PLAY • Play involving imaginary people and situations

Understanding Objects in Space
Why is it hard for children under age 3 to understand scale models and maps?  Because they need to keep more than one mental representation in the mind at one time  Advancing spatial thinking:



Using simple maps and models becomes easier after age 3

Causality


Transduction: Mentally linking phenomena, whether logical or not • “My parents got a divorce because I was bad.”



Familiar settings help advance causality • “I am quiet so I won’t wake the baby.”

Animism



The tendency to attribute life to inanimate objects


“The cloud is smiling at me!”




Familiarity increases accuracy
“I know that a person is different from my doll.”

Numbers: Five Counting Principles

 Ordinality:  Cardinality

number knowledge

 Counting
 Number

patterns 

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