...Labeling Theory Labeling theory proposes deviance that socially constructed through reaction instead of action . the labeling theory builds reaction to the blood and crips: made in America movie. The film highlights many causes that lead to the creation of criminal gang. Crips and Bloods consist of a group of African American in southern Los Angeles. The formation of these groups created on the self-hatred legacy among black African Americans. Powerful individual such as police officer, judge, and other law enforcement are useless the ones to impose these labeling. The dominant group in the society creates and apply deviant groups. Once someone is characterized a curtained way it is hard to remove that label. Like in the documentary " blood and crips", Rodney King was the black man who was beaten by Los Angeles...
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...Labelling Theory and Symbolic Interaction „No very sharp line can be drawn between social pshycology and individual pshycology” George Herman Mead Introduction In recent years, renewed and increased attention has been given to the need to organize a variety of theories into an interdisciplinary or integrated theory that captures tile contributions that can be made from the many explanatory approaches that have emerged over the last one hundred years. This move towards integrated or interdisciplinary theory represents a new stage of development in the field and requires a careful reassessment of the perspectives that have formed the core of criminological thought.[1] Each era of social and political turmoil has produced profound changes in people’s lives. Perhaps no such era was as significant for criminology as the 1960s. A society with conservative values was shaken out of its complacency when young people, blacks, women and other disadvantaged groups demanded a part in the shaping of national policy. They saw the gaps between philosophical political demands and reality: Blacks had little opportunity to advance women were kept in an inferior status; old politicians made wars in which the young had to die. Rebellion broke out, and some criminologists joined the revolution.[2] These criminologists turned away from theories that explained crime by characteristics of the offender or of the social structure. They set out to demonstrate that individuals...
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...Howard Becker is noted one of the pioneers of the ‘labeling theory’. His book, ‘Outsiders’, holds a quote which is now widely used across the academic spectrum when studying labeling and deviance, “social groups create deviance by making the rules whose infraction constitutes deviance and by applying those rules to particular people and labeling them as outsiders. From this point of view, deviance is not a quality of the act the person commits, but rather a consequence of the application by others of rules and sanctions to an “offender.” The deviant is one to whom that label has successfully been applied. Deviant behavior is behavior that people so label.” (Becker 1963:8–9). This quote is used timelessly even in today’s modern world, as others try and prove if this is truly fact. If we so label a person, do they become that label? In this paper I will try to show if primary or secondary deviance play’s into the development of the deviant behavior. Edwin Lemert is probably best known for developing what is called the societal reaction approach. This approach distinguishes between primary and secondary deviance. Primary deviance is the individuals who get themselves involved in rule-breaking behavior and do not see themselves as deviant. Primary deviance arises for a wide variety of reasons, biological, psychological, and or sociological. Secondary deviance is the individuals who accept their deviant status. When a negative label gets applied to someone visibly, it powerfully...
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...Define One of the most notable approaches in understanding deviance and delinquency has been the concept and founding of the labeling theory. John Hamlin stated, “The labelling perspective had a large number of followers in the 1960s and early 1970’s…It has lost in recent years much of its early luster but so much of what it has given to theoretical criminology remains as truisms” (Hamlin, 2001). Figures such as Edwin M. Lemer, Howard S. Becker, Kai Erikson, and John Kitsuse are the ones who came to define and outline the labeling theory approach. Once the labeling prospective was introduced, it caused plenty of research to be done with endless hours of debate. Hamlin also debated that “The intellectual heritage of labelling is directly traceable...
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...The label of deviance, however, is acutely important in the context of race. Labeling theory is the process of an individual being marked as deviant by society for some kind of act, and then, through internalizing the label, repeatedly engaging in deviant behavior; an extension of this theory is further stigmatization of "deviant" individuals by institutions based on their label (Rios 2011). Such labels can be placed on a person's race as well: Semien and Roettger (2013) identify that "blackness" can be an overacrching "primary deviance status", and the "criminal label" is a "secondary deviance status" that, when considered in the context of the first label, "results in the stigmatization of blacks who have been incarcerated on two social levels" (Semien and Roettger...
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...Appendix B Part I Define the following terms: Term Definition Stereotypes Unreliable, exaggerated generalizations about all members of a group that do not take individual differences into account. Prejudice A negative attitude toward an entire category of people, such as a racial or ethnic minority. Labeling theory A sociological approach introduced by Howard Becker that attempts to explain why certain people are viewed as deviants and others engaging in the same behavior are not. Part II Select three of the identity categories below and name or describe at least 3 related stereotypes for each: Race Ethnicity Religion Gender Sexual orientation Age Disability Category Stereotype 1 Stereotype 2 Stereotype 3 Race Racial profiling Scapegoating Theory Minority Group Religion Ethnocentrism Genocide Absolute Deprivation Sexual Orientation Hate Crimes Discrimination Social Distance Part III Answer each question in 100 to 150 words related to those stereotypes: What are the positive aspects of the stereotypes, if any? The only positive if it would be considered one is when you discuss a topic the general belief about it is that the common knowledge of said topic is based on what everyone believes about it. Say how people who mistrust young men dressed in clothes known to be worn by gang members due to the color and styles. There would be the basis of someone stereotyping them into a group as gang bangers or street gangs and...
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...Appendix B Part I Define the following terms: Term Definition Stereotypes Unreliable, exaggerated generalizations about all members of a group that do not take individual differences into account. Prejudice A negative attitude toward an entire category of people, such as a racial group or ethnic minority. Labeling theory The view of deviance in which someone being labeled as a “deviant” leads a person to engage in deviant behavior. This theory was originated by Howard Becker’s work in the 1960s. The labeling theory explains why people’s behavior clashes with societal norms. Part II Select three of the identity categories below and name or describe at least 3 related stereotypes for each: • Race • Ethnicity • Religion • Gender • Sexual orientation • Age • Disability Category Stereotype 1 Stereotype 2 Stereotype 3 Religion All Muslim are terrorists. All Jews are cheap. All Mormons believe in polygamy. Age Children- loud, spoiled, and unintelligent Teens- Selfish, lazy, and unemployed Adults- Work-oriented, bossy, look down on teenagers Disability Emotionally disturbed Crippled Dumb Part III Answer each question in 100 to 150 words related to those stereotypes: • What are the positive aspects of the stereotypes, if any? - Stereotyping in the positive aspect could be understood as the way in which people reduce the complexity of the world to a more manageable level. It helps protect our minds from information overload. For this...
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...University of Phoenix Material Appendix B Part I Define the following terms: |Term |Definition | |Stereotypes |Unreliable, exaggerated generalizations about all members of a group that do not take individual | | |differences into account | |Prejudice |A negative attitude toward an entire category of people, such as a racial or ethnic minority | |Labeling theory |The way in which negative labels get applied and on the consequences of the labeling process | Part II Select three of the identity categories below and name or describe at least 3 related stereotypes for each: • Race • Ethnicity • Religion • Gender • Sexual orientation • Age • Disability |Category |Stereotype 1 |Stereotype 2 |Stereotype 3 | |Race |Saying someone is a gangster |That black people are fast |All Asians look alike | | |just because they are black. |runners | | |Sexual orientation |All gay people are good dressers|Calling lesbians butch...
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...University of Phoenix Material Appendix B Part I Define the following terms: |Term |Definition | |Stereotypes |Stereotypes are qualities assigned to groups of people related to their race, nationality or sexual | | |orientation. | |Prejudice |An adverse judgment or opinion formed beforehand or without knowledge or examination of the facts | |Labeling theory |Deviance is not inherent to an act, but instead focuses on the tendency of majorities to negatively | | |label minorities or those seen as deviant from standard cultural norms. | Part II Select three of the identity categories below and name or describe at least 3 related stereotypes for each: • Race • Ethnicity • Religion • Gender • Sexual orientation • Age • Disability |Category |Stereotype 1 |Stereotype 2 |Stereotype 3 | |Race |Indians are terrorist |Mexicans are all illegal |Black people are ghetto | | | |immigrants. ...
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...or may not accurately reflect reality. However, this is only a fundamental psychological definition of a stereotype. Within and across different psychology disciplines, there are different concepts and theories of stereotyping that provide their own expanded definition. Some of these definitions share commonalities, though each one may also harbor unique aspects that may complement or contradict the others.” Source: (1)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stereotype Prejudice Definition: (2)”is most often used to refer to preconceived judgments toward people or a person because of gender, social class, age, disability, religion, sexuality, race/ethnicity, nationality or other personal characteristics. It can also refer to unfounded beliefs and may include "any unreasonable attitude that is unusually resistant to rational influence." Gordon All port defined prejudice as a "feeling, favorable or unfavorable, toward a person or thing, prior to, or not based on, actual experience." Source: (2) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stereotype Labeling theory Definition: (3) “Labeling theory holds that deviance is not inherent to an act, but instead focuses on the tendency of majorities to negatively label minorities or those seen as deviant from standard cultural norms. [2] The theory is concerned with how the self-identity and behavior of individuals may be determined or influenced by the terms used to describe or classify them. It is associated with the concepts of self-fulfilling...
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...University of Phoenix Material Appendix B Part I Define the following terms: Term | Definition | Stereotypes | The exaggerated and unreliable generalization of a group that does not take individual preferences into account. | Prejudice | A negative attitude toward an entire category of people such as racial group or ethnic minority. | Labeling theory | The view of deviance in which someone being labeled as a “deviant” leads a person to engage in deviant behavior. This theory originated by Howard Becker’s work in the 1960’s. This theory explains why people’s behavior clashes with societal norms. | Part II Select three of the identity categories below and name or describe at least 3 related stereotypes for each: * Race * Ethnicity * Religion * Gender * Sexual orientation * Age * Disability Category | Stereotype 1 | Stereotype 2 | Stereotype 3 | Religion | Bible hugger | Satan worshipper | Eternally damned | Disability | Check chaser | Stupid | Psycho | Race | Drug dealer | Thief | Bomber | Part III Answer each question in 100 to 150 words related to those stereotypes: * What are the positive aspects of the stereotypes, if any? Are there really positive aspects to stereotyping? I can’t really say for sure. I suppose it may be good to generalize those people that have a “safe feeling” to them. Christians are generally good people and appear to be trustworthy for the most part. Intuition on...
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...Labeling theory is the idea that certain kind of people or individuals are perceived or portrayed in the society as different or deviant. Just as every company put a label or a tag on their products, the labeling theory tends to tag certain kind of people as deviant. This labels are given or impose on individuals by the people in authority like the police, judges and even the politicians as drug addicts, prostitutes, criminals etc. since this people have been labeled as such, and they tend to behave as such thereby breaking the social rule and deciding not to follow it. Drawing on the article, “The Saints and The Roughneck”, by Chambliss, the community saw or labeled the Roughnecks as criminals and tough who are heading for trouble. Their assumption concerning the Roughnecks was based on what the community thinks they see and that is because, they were always seen by the community at places in the street of the town and drinking and making fun of girls who walk by. They again consistently be seen arguing with the police. One specific example is when the police picked up some of the roughnecks for stealing, mostly small stuffs of which the community thinks it will lead to big stuff like armed robbery and stuff....
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...University of Phoenix Material Appendix B Part I Define the following terms: Term | Definition | Stereotypes | Stereotypes are unreliable generalizations about allmembers of a group that do not take individual differences into account. | Prejudice | Prejudice is a negative attitude toward an entire category of people. | Labeling theory | Labeling theory holds that deviance is not inherent to an act, but instead focuses on the tendency of majorities to negatively label minorities or those seen as deviant from standard cultural norms. | Part II Select three of the identity categories below and name or describe at least 3 related stereotypes for each: * Race: Blacks as superstitious, whites as uncaring, and Jews as shrewd. * Ethnicity * Religion: * Gender * Sexual orientation * Age * Disability Category | Stereotype 1 | Stereotype 2 | Stereotype 3 | Race | Blacks as superstitious | Whites as uncaring | Jews as shrewd | Sexual orientation | Homosexual men are potential child molesters | Gay youth commit suicides | Gay guys try to get with all straight men | Religion | Christians are hypocrites | Muslims are polygamists | Jews are stingy | Part III Answer each question in 100 to 150 words related to those stereotypes: * What are the positive aspects of the stereotypes, if any? -There are no positive aspects of a stereotype, in my opinion. The fact that people are categorizing someone based on presumptions...
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...Appendix B Part I Define the following terms: Term Definition Stereotypes Unreliable, exaggerated generalizations about all members of a group that do not take individual differences into account Prejudice A negative attitude toward an entire category of people, such as a racial or ethnic minority Labeling theory The act of the majority negatively labeling the minority and influencing them to adhere to the label Part II Select three of the identity categories below and name or describe at least 3 related stereotypes for each: • Race • Ethnicity • Religion • Gender • Sexual orientation • Age • Disability Category Stereotype 1 Stereotype 2 Stereotype 3 Gender Women belong in the kitchen Women can’t drive All men love sports Race Blacks are criminals Blacks like living on welfare All Asians are smart Ethnicity Mexicans only come to the U.S. to work on farms Germans hate Jews French people are all snooty Part III Answer each question in 100 to 150 words related to those stereotypes: • What are the positive aspects of the stereotypes, if any? I can’t really think of too many positive aspects, but one positive aspect of stereotypes is that some people listen more and trust what Asians say rather than someone of a different race because they believe that all Asians are smart. Using this knowledge, the media could use Asian people (and men specifically because of the stereotype that they are smarter than women) to get news out about...
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...University of Phoenix Material Appendix B Part I Define the following terms: Term Definition Stereotypes When people believe things that may not be true because they assume these things. Prejudice Prejudice is an unfavorable opinion formed beforehand or judgments toward a person because of their color or religion. Labeling theory The view of deviance in which someone being labeled as a “deviant” leads a person to engage in deviant behavior. Part II Select three of the identity categories below and name or describe at least 3 related stereotypes for each: • Race • Ethnicity • Religion • Gender • Sexual orientation • Age • Disability Category Stereotype 1 Stereotype 2 Stereotype 3 Race African American’s are good at basketball. White people tend to have no rhythm. White people are all racist. Religion All Christian’s are good people. Catholic preachers are bad people. Gender Men are more powerful than women. Men are smarter than women. Women learn development skills faster than men. Part III Answer each question in 100 to 150 words related to those stereotypes: • What are the positive aspects of the stereotypes, if any? I would say that there are no positive aspects of stereotpyes because stereotyping is an opinion it is not a fact. I might say that they could be positive for me and someone else might think it is a negative comment. For an example, blondes have more fun, this is a positive aspects but it is not necessary...
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