...THE EFFECTS OF BANKING SECTOR AND STOCK MARKET DEVELOPMENT ON THE MALAYSIAN ECONOMIC GROWTH: AN EMPIRICAL INVESTIGATION BY HAFSAH AHMAD A THESIS SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENT FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY IN ECONOMICS KULLIYYAH OF ECONOMICS AND MANAGEMENT SCIENCES INTERNATIONAL ISLAMIC UNIVERSITY MALAYSIA MAY 2005 1 ABSTRACT This study investigates the long-run relationship between financial development (banking sector and stock market development) and economic growth in Malaysia. Six variables based on Malaysian quarterly data from 1978:1 to 2002:4 are employed, namely real GDP per capita, investment rate and ratios of credit, deposit, market capitalization, and value of shares traded to GDP. Two dynamic frameworks are adopted - Vector Auto regression (VAR) with error correction formulation for causality analyses and dynamic OLS (DOLS) procedure for estimation of growthfinance long-run relation. Causality analyses show that there is bi-directional causality between financial development (banking sector and stock market development) and economic growth. Analyses on growth-finance long-run relations indicate that banking sector development and stock market development individually have an independent positive effect on long-run economic growth. They enhance economic growth through both channels – the volume and efficiency of investment, with the latter being the main source of their independent effect. The study also shows that...
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...Risk and return nexus in Malaysian stock market : Empirical evidence from CAPM SUMMARY From my review for this paper which is Risk and Return Nexus in Malaysian Stock Market : Empirical Evidence from CAPM before this, actually this paper examines the applicability of Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM) in explaining the risk-return relation in the Malaysian stock market for the period of January 1995 to December 2006. The test using linear regression method, was carried out on four models : the standard CAPM model with constant beta (Model I), the standard CAPM model with time-varying beta (Model II), the CAPM model conditional on segregating positive and negative market risk premiums with constant beta (Model III), as well as the CAPM model conditional on segregating positive and negative market risk premiums with time varying beta (Model IV). Empirical results indicate that both the standard CAPM models (Model I and Model II) are statistically insignificant. However, the CAPM models conditional on segregating positive and negative market risk premiums (Model III and Model IV) are statistically significant. In addition, this study also discovers that time varying beta provides better explanatory power. Then from the literatures that i have gone through, it can be concluded that there is no one model that can claim to have the absolute ability to predict the expected stock return. While some researchers are questioning CAPM and in favor of Fama and French (1993) three...
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...Executive Summary The Malaysian economy has been experiencing waves and waves of turmoil from multiple macroeconomics aspect for the past few years and it is no longer resilient as it used to be. There is no short cut to do a quick fix to our ailing economy and reviving it to a strong and sustainable growth path will require a long term effort. Therefore by understanding the factors that contributed to its demised will allow us to better evaluate if a particular approach to safe the economy is potentially viable or just another disastrous attempt. Thus, we have to meticulously examine every long term step that we take. The Factors According to Esther (2015a) one of the factors contributing to the fall of our economy is declining private consumption growth. Private consumption indicates the consumption of goods and services by households and it has been slowly declining over the past few years. Private consumption growth was at 8.2% in 2012, 7.2% in 2013 and drops back to 7.1% in 2014. The projection by Bank Negara for year 2015 is 6%. Consumers are holding back their spending during school holidays, festive seasons and yearend sales. This is mostly due to cautious spending by the consumers. Most of the retailers suffered a drop in their profit margin. Malaysia is still a resource-based country and the Government is heavily dependent on oil revenue. The country’s oil-related revenue is at RM63 billion in 2013, it accounts for 29.5% of the total government income. Falling...
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...The Malaysian Financial System CCP-FSPC 1-1 Chapter 1 – The Malaysian Financial System Content Outline 1. The Banking System ............................................................................. 1-2 2. The Functions and Responsibilities of Monetary and Non-Monetary Institutions ............................................................................................. 1-6 3. The Functions and Responsibilities of Non-Bank Financial Intermediaries...................................................................................... 1-16 4. Other Institutions / Bodies.................................................................. 1-30 5. Summary and Conclusion .................................................................. 1-34 Practice Questions ...................................................................................... 1-35 Learning Objectives What you should achieve after completing this chapter: • Understand the importance of the Malaysian financial system; • Be able to apply the relevant statutory and regulatory provisions governing the Malaysian banking system; • Appreciate the functions and responsibilities of monetary and non-monetary institutions, together with non-bank financial intermediaries; • Gain knowledge of the role of Bank Negara Malaysia; and • Understand the scope of the regulatory framework within the Malaysian financial system. © Institut Bank-Bank Malaysia 1-2 CCP-FSPC The Malaysian Financial System 1...
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...Economics & Industry Development Division Malaysian Palm Oil Board OVERVIEW OF THE MALAYSIAN OIL PALM INDUSTRY 2012 FOREWARD The year 2012 has been a challenging year for the Malaysian oil palm industry. During the first half of the year, the industry was faced with lower Crude Palm Oil (CPO) production compared to corresponding period of 2011 as Fresh Fruit Bunch (FFB) yielded low due to stress on the trees after experiencing high FFB production in 2011, as well as high imports of palm oil. In the second half of the year, palm oil prices declined as palm oil stocks build-up arising from high carry-over stocks in the beginning of the year, increase CPO production as well as weaker export demand. Palm oil stocks reached 2.63 million tonnes at the end of December 2012, CPO production declined marginally to 18.79 million tonnes and imports increased to 1.39 million tonnes. Total exports of palm products was 24.56 million tonnes, an increase of 1.2% with palm kernel cake and oleochemical products registered increase in exports, while palm oil recorded a decline of 2.4% to 17.56 million tonnes. Average price of CPO for the year was RM2,764 per tonne, lower by 14.1% compared to RM3,219 in 2011, while export revenue of palm products declined by 11.2% to RM71.40 billion against RM80.41 billion recorded in 2011 due to lower export prices. The oil palm planted area in 2012 reached 5.08 million hectares, an increase of 1.5% against 5.00 million hectares recorded in 2011. This was...
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...Malaysia 5.1 Financial System Structure in Malaysia The Malaysian financial system is structured into two major categories, Financial Institutions and Financial Market. The Financial Institutions comprise Banking System and Non-bank Financial Intermediaries. The Financial Market in Malaysia comprises four major markets namely: Money & Foreign Exchange Market, Capital Market, Derivatives Market, and Offshore Market. Chart 1: The Financial System Structure in Malaysia Financial System Financial Institutions Banking System Non-Bank Financial 1. Bank Negara Malaysia Intermediaries 2. Banking Institutions 1. Provident and Pension • Commercial Banks Funds • Finance Companies 2. Insurance Companies • Merchant Banks (including Takaful) • Islamic Banks 3. Development Finance 3. Others Institutions 4. Savings Institutions Financial Market Money & Foreign Exchange Market 1. Money Market 2. Foreign Exchange Market Capital Market 1. Equity Market • Discount Houses • Representative Offices...
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...organization in Malaysia, Singapore Stockbrokers’ Association was established and it was re-registered as the Malayan Stockbrokers’ Association in 1937. In 1960, the Malayan Stock Exchange was established and the public trading of shares commenced. Direct telephone lines linked the board system had trading rooms in Singapore and Kuala Lumpur. The Stock Exchange of Malaysia was established in 1964. In 1965, the Stock Exchange of Malaysia became known as the Stock Exchange of Malaysia and Singapore with the secession of Singapore from Malaysia. The Stock Exchange of Malaysia and Singapore was divided into the Kuala Lumpur Stock Exchange Berhad and Stock Exchange of Singapore due to the ceased of currency interchangeability between Malaysia and Singapore in 1973. The operation of the Kuala Lumpur Stock Exchange Berhad was taken over by the Kuala Lumpur Stock Exchange which was incorporated on December 14, 1976 as a company limited by guarantee. The name Bursa Malaysia Berhad changed on April 14, 2004. The purpose was to enhance their competitive position and to respond to global trends in the exchange sector by making them more customer-driven and market-oriented. They are focused on various initiatives aimed at improving our product and service offerings, increasing the liquidity and velocity of their markets, improving the efficiency of the businesses and achieving economies of scale in their operations. On 18 March 2005, Bursa Malaysia was...
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...Malaysia 5.1 Financial System Structure in Malaysia The Malaysian financial system is structured into two major categories, Financial Institutions and Financial Market. The Financial Institutions comprise Banking System and Non-bank Financial Intermediaries. The Financial Market in Malaysia comprises four major markets namely: Money & Foreign Exchange Market, Capital Market, Derivatives Market, and Offshore Market. Chart 1: The Financial System Structure in Malaysia Financial System Financial Institutions Financial Market Banking System 1. Bank Negara Malaysia 2. Banking Institutions • Commercial Banks • Finance Companies • Merchant Banks • Islamic Banks 3. Others • Discount Houses • Representative Offices of Foreign Banks Non-Bank Financial Intermediaries 1. Provident and Pension Funds 2. Insurance Companies (including Takaful) 3. Development Finance Institutions 4. Savings Institutions • National Savings Bank • Co-operative Societies 5. Others • Unit Trusts • Pilgrims Fund Board • Housing Credit Institutions • Cagamas Berhad • Credit Guarantee Corporation • Leasing Companies • Factoring Companies • Venture Capital Companies Money & Foreign Exchange Market 1. Money Market 2. Foreign Exchange Market Capital Market 1. Equity Market 2. Bond Market • Public Debt Securities • Private Debt Securities Derivatives Market 1. 2. 3. Commodity Futures KLSE CI Futures KLIBOR Futures Offshore Market 1. Labuan International Offshore Financial Center (IOFC) ...
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...Executive summary This assignment is to compare the capital structure, and cost of capital between two same companies in Bursa Malaysia and their effect to market valuation and firm’s performance. It is also to indicate how the companies gearing levels and cost of capital affect the firm’s value and profitability ratios. The ratios being used are for comparing and investigating the relationships between two companies’ financial information. Besides, it indicates if higher gearing level and higher cost of capital affect the firm’s value and performances. This assignment was focused on AirAsia and Malaysia Airline.A company's capital structure refers to the relative proportions of equity (raising money by selling shares) and debt (raising money by borrowing) which the company uses to finance its activities. The uses of capital structure are important to distinguish between market value and book values. In general, financial economic prefer to use market value went measuring debt ratio because it reflect current value whether than historical values. Financial economist does belief that current market value reflects true intrinsic value. In the other hand the uses of book value is very popular because of volatility of stock market it is frequently claimed that the inherent volatility of the stock market makes market-debt ratios move around too much. A company's capital structure can have an enormous impact on its earnings per share, taxes, and interest payments, even though...
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...considerations, only one eligible target remains in Malaysia. Murphy would like you to value this target and has provided you with the following information: • Murphy expects to keep the target for three years, at which time it expects to sell the firm for 300 million Malaysian ringgit (MYR) after any taxes. • Murphy expects a strong Malaysian economy. The estimates for revenue for the next year are MYR200 million. Revenues are expected to increase by 8% in each of the following two years. • Cost of goods sold is expected to be 50% of revenue. • Selling and administrative expenses are expected to be MYR30 million in each of the next three years. • The Malaysian tax rate on the target's earnings is expected to be 35 percent. • Depreciation expenses are expected to be MYR20 million per year for each of the next three years. • The target will need to reinvest MYR7 million in cash each year to support existing operations. • The target's stock price is currently MYR30 per share. The target has 9 million shares outstanding. • Any remaining cash flows will be remitted by the target to Murphy Inc. Murphy uses the prevailing exchange rate of the Malaysian ringgit as the expected exchange rate for the next three years. This exchange rate is currently $.25. • Murphy’s required rate of...
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...Economics Crisis and Response: Case Study of Malaysia’s Responses to Asian Financial Crisis Journal of Contemporary Eastern Asia Vol. 11, No. 1: 43-56 Journal abbreviation: J. Contemp. East. Asia Stable URL: http://eastasia.yu.ac.kr/documents/Fumitaka_11_1.pdf www.JCEA-Online.net Open Access Publication Creative Commons License Deed Attribution-No Derivative Works 3.0 Journal of Contemporary Eastern Asia, Volume 11, No.1: 43-56 http://dx.doi.org/10.17477/jcea.2012.11.1.043 Economics Crisis and Response: Case Study of Malaysia’s Responses to Asian Financial Crisis Fumitaka Furuoka, Beatrice Lim, Catherine Jikunan and Lo May Chiun The paper chooses the “Asian Financial Crisis” as a case study to examine its impact on Malaysian economy and describes how Malaysian government responded to the crisis. It also focuses on the Asian financial crisis’ impact on the employment of banking sector in Malaysia. In the finance, insurance, real estate and business service sector, a number of 6,596 workers were retrenched. Banks were forced into mergers and acquisition as well as downsizing, trim lean, organizational changes and introduction of new technologies. Excess workers were offered a “voluntary separation scheme.” These retrenched workers became the urban poor facing high cost of living and no opportunity for jobs as there is no safety net provided. 1. Introduction The economic meltdown began in Thailand in July 1997 and spread to other countries in the region, such as Malaysia, Indonesia...
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...banking crisis with the investment and merchant banks first absorbing the impact before it spread to the commercial banks. The main reason of this crisis was Lax Regulation and Low Lending Rates. Moreover the greed of top management people of the financial institutions was another reason of this crisis. Especially, several failing of many large U.S and global financial institutions in September 2008 generated widespread fear of a systemic disruption across global financial markets which in turn had led to the “freezing” of the interbank and credit markets in many financial centres around the world. Despite the unprecedented large and aggressive financial measures taken by the authorities, the crisis intensified as prices of a large number of classes of financial assets collapsed resulting in a huge negative income and wealth effect. With the United States’ economy contracting sharply, it sent ripples across export-dependent Asian economies, which began to face a contraction as a consequence. Although the Malaysian economy was insulated from the direct effects of financial exposure because the new derivatives were not allowed into the country, the global financial crisis has cast doubt on the Government’s plans to achieve vision 2020 due to a collapse in exports and a slowdown in foreign direct investment (FDI). The global financial crisis and the deleveraging activities in the advanced economies led to disposal of assets worldwide...
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...invest or depend on their skills of investing in such instruments. Most of the people who are lack in financial knowledge or investing skills will prefer to make investments in unit trust funds. There has abundance of benefits in unit trust and also can be advantageous to the small investors. Unit trust is an ideal way for small investors to invest for their future. Small investors are people who earn their living engaged in activities not related to the financial arena. They are aware that investing is important to them, but they lack of know-how to make the right decisions. For people who are unable or unwilling to do research and analyze investment markets and climate on their own, unit trusts is a good way to invest. In order to maintain a portfolio of stocks in the share market, a person has to keep himself up-to-date with market information and climate. For many people, this is difficult, time consuming and expensive. By investing through unit trust, they transfer the stress of investing to people who are better equipped to look after their investments. These are the professional fund manager. Unit trust can be classified by two classes which are known as a conventional funds and Shariah funds (Islamic law as revealed in the Quran and Sunnah). In Malaysia, majority of...
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...individuals, corporations, and governments in raising capital by underwriting and or acting as the client's agent in the issuance of securities. An investment bank may also assist companies involved in mergers and acquisitions and provide ancillary services such as market making, trading of derivatives and equity securities, and FICC services (fixed income instruments, currencies and commodities). Investment banks do not take deposits. There are two main lines of business in investment banking. Trading securities for cash or for other securities (e.g. facilitating transactions, market-making), or the promotion of securities (e.g. underwriting, research, etc.) is the "sell side", while buy side is a term used to refer to advising institutions concerned with buying investment services. Private equity funds, mutual funds, life insurance companies, unit trusts, and hedge funds are the most common types of buy side entities. An investment bank can also be split into private and public functions with an information barrier which separates the two to prevent information from crossing. The private areas of the bank deal with private insider information that may not be publicly disclosed, while the public areas such as stock analysis deal with public information. List of the bank: 1) CIMB Investment Bank Berhad 2) RHB Investment Bank Berhad 3) Alliance Investment Bank Berhad 4) Hong Leong Investment Bank Berhad 5) MIDF Amanah Investment Bank Berhad 6) Public...
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..............................................….....5 FINANACIAL STATEMENTS ………………………………………………………………………………………………6 • FINANCIAL HIGHLIGHTS ……………………………………………………………………………………...6 • STOCK DATA …………………………………………………………………………………………………….7 COMPETITORS ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………8 • PADINI …………………………………………………………………………………………………………….8 • ESPRIT …………………………………………………………………………………………………………….9 • ELBA ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………10 PEST ANALYSIS …………………………………………………………………………………………………………….11 • POLITICAL ……………………………………………………………………………………………………….11 • ECONOMIC ……………………………………………………………………………………………………….12 • STRENGHT ……………………………………………………………………………………………………….13 • TECHNOLOGY ……………………………………………………………………………………………………14 SWOT ANALYSIS …………………………………………………………………………………………………………….15 • STRENGHT ………………………………………………………………………………………………………...15 • WEAKNESSES ……………………………………………………………………………………………………..16 • OPPORTUNITIES …………………………………………………………………………………………………..17 • THREAT ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………..18 2.0 CUSTOMER TARGET ……………………………………………………………………………………………………..19 • BONIA GROUP ……………………………………………………………………………………………………...19 • BONIA DISCOUNTS ………………………………………………………………………………………………..20 MARKET SEGMENTATIONS ………………………………………………………………………………………………..20 • DEMOGRAPHIC SEGMENTATION …………………………………………………………………………..20-21 • PSYCHOLOGRAHIC SEGMENTATION …………………………………………………………………………...
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