...Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Journal of Accounting and Economics journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/jae Understanding earnings quality: A review of the proxies, their determinants and their consequences$ Patricia Dechow a, Weili Ge b, Catherine Schrand c,n a b c University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, United States University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, United States University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States a r t i c l e i n f o abstract Available online 4 November 2010 Researchers have used various measures as indications of ‘‘earnings quality’’ including persistence, accruals, smoothness, timeliness, loss avoidance, investor responsiveness, and external indicators such as restatements and SEC enforcement releases. For each measure, we discuss causes of variation in the measure as well as consequences. We reach no single conclusion on what earnings quality is because ‘‘quality’’ is contingent on the decision context. We also point out that the ‘‘quality’’ of earnings is a function of the firm’s fundamental performance. The contribution of a firm’s fundamental performance to its earnings quality is suggested as one area for future work. & 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. JEL classification: G31 M40 M41 Keywords: Earnings quality Earnings management Review Survey 1. Introduction Statement of Financial Accounting Concepts No. 1 (SFAC No. 1) states that ‘‘Financial reporting...
Words: 58742 - Pages: 235
...Chapter 1- The Pay Model Compensation: Does it matter? Compensation is one of the most powerful tools organizations have to influence their employees. General Motors (GM), like Chrysler, has, for decades, paid its workers well—too well perhaps for what it received in return. Having labor costs higher than the competition, without corresponding advantages in efficiency, quality, and customer service, does not seem to have served GM or its stakeholders well. On the other hand, Nucor Steel pays its workers very well relative to what other companies inside and outside of the steel industry pay. But Nucor also has much higher productivity than is typical in the steel industry. Wall Street financial services firms and banks used incentive plans that rewarded people for developing “innovative” new financial investment vehicles and for taking risks to earn themselves and their firms a lot of money. Troubled Asset Relief Program (TARP), which included restrictions on executive pay designed to discourage executives from taking “unnecessary and exces-sive risks.” In an opinion piece in The Wall Street Journal, entitled “How Business Schools Have Failed Business,” the former director of corporate finance policy at the United States Treasury wrote that “misaligned incentive programs are at the core of what brought our financial system to its knees.” 7 He says that we “should ask how many of the business schools attended by America’s CEOs and directors educate their students about the...
Words: 8809 - Pages: 36
...Scott, Financial Accounting Theory, 6th Edition Instructor’s Manual Chapter 2 Suggested Solutions to Questions and Problems 1. P.V. Ltd. Income Statement for Year 2 Accretion of discount (10% × 286.36) $28.64 P.V. Ltd. Balance Sheet As at Time 2 Financial Asset Cash $315.00 Shareholders’ Equity Opening balance Net income Capital Asset Present value 0.00 $315.00 $315.00 $286.36 28.64 Note that cash includes interest at 10% on opening cash balance of $150. 2. Suppose that P.V. Ltd. paid a dividend of $10 at the end of year 1 (any portion of year 1 net income would do). Then, its year 2 opening net assets are $276.36, and net income would be: P.V. Ltd. Income Statement For Year 2 Accretion of discount (10% × 276.36) $27.64 Copyright © 2012 Pearson Canada Inc 11 Scott, Financial Accounting Theory, 6th Edition Instructor’s Manual P.V.’s balance sheet at time 2 would be: P.V. Ltd. Balance Sheet As at Time 2 Financial Asset Cash: (140 + 14 + 150) $304.00 Chapter 2 Shareholders’ Equity Opening balance: $276.36 (286.36 - 10.00 dividend) Capital Asset, at Present value 0.00 $304.00 $304.00 Net income 27.64 Thus, at time 2 the shareholders have: Cash from dividend Interest at 10% on cash dividend, for year 2 Value of firm per balance sheet $10.00 1.00 304.00 $315.00 This is the same value as that of the firm at time 2, assuming P.V. Ltd. paid no dividends (see Question 1). Consequently, the firm’s dividend policy does not matter to the shareholders...
Words: 112738 - Pages: 451
...LIST OF CONTRIBUTORS Solomon Appel Robert H. Ashton Reza Barkhi Metropolitan College of New York, New York, NY, USA Fuqua School of Business, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA Pamplin College of Business, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, USA School of Management, University of Michigan-Dearborn, MI, USA College of Business Administration, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, USA Department of Accounting, University of Arkansas at Little Rock, AR, USA Zicklin School of Business, CUNY – Baruch College, New York, NY, USA Belk College of Business, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, NC, USA College of Business and Economics, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA RSM Erasmus University, Department of Financial Management, Rotterdam, The Netherlands Mohamed E. Bayou Chee W. Chow Cynthia M. Daily Harry Z. Davis Nabil Elias Arron Scott Fleming Frank G. H. Hartmann vii viii LIST OF CONTRIBUTORS Fred A. Jacobs Frances Kennedy James M. Kohlmeyer, III Leslie Kren John Y. Lee Michael S. Luehlfing Adam S. Maiga School of Accountancy, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA Department of Accountancy and Legal Studies, Clemson University, SC, USA College of Business, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA School of Business, University of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA Lubin School of Business, Pace University, Pleasantville, NY, USA School of Professional Accountancy, Louisiana Tech University, LA...
Words: 111886 - Pages: 448
... An Interview with Tom King, Progressive Insurance Identifying and Attracting the “Right” Investors: Evidence on the Behavior of Institutional Investors Brian Bushee, University of Pennsylvania Roundtable on Corporate Disclosure Panelists: John Graham, Duke University; Trevor Harris, Morgan Stanley; Amy Hutton, Dartmouth College; Charles Kantor, Neuberger Berman; Tom King, Progressive Insurance; Rick Passov, Pfizer; Erik Sirri, Babson College; and Joe Willett, (formerly) Merrill Lynch. Moderated by Don Chew. Where M&A Pays and Where It Strays: A Survey of the Research Robert Bruner, University of Virginia Pathways to Success in M&A Mahmoud Mamdani and David Noah, Morgan Stanley In Defense of Incentive Compensation: Its Effect on Corporate Acquisition Policy Sudip Datta and Mai Iskandar-Datta, Wayne State Reappearing Dividends Brandon Julio and David Ikenberry, University of Illinois Making Capitalism Work for Everyone Raghuram Rajan and Luigi Zingales, University of Chicago University, and Kartik Raman, Bentley College Reappearing Dividends by Brandon Julio and David L. Ikenberry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign * I n his 1976 classic called “The Dividend Puzzle,” Fischer Black wrote that there was no convincing explanation for public corporations’ centuriesold practice of paying cash dividends to their shareholders. His argument rested on two main premises. The first was Modigliani and Miller’s demonstration...
Words: 10222 - Pages: 41
...Paul M. Healy and Krishna G. Palepu F rom the start of the 1990s until year-end 1998, Enron’s stock rose by 311 percent, only modestly higher than the rate of growth in the Standard & Poor’s 500. But then the stock soared. It increased by 56 percent in 1999 and a further 87 percent in 2000, compared to a 20 percent increase and a 10 percent decline for the index during the same years. By December 31, 2000, Enron’s stock was priced at $83.13, and its market capitalization exceeded $60 billion, 70 times earnings and six times book value, an indication of the stock market’s high expectations about its future prospects. Enron was rated the most innovative large company in America in Fortune magazine’s survey of Most Admired Companies. Yet within a year, Enron’s image was in tatters and its stock price had plummeted nearly to zero. Exhibit 1 lists some of the critical events for Enron between August and December 2001—a saga of document shredding, restatements of earnings, regulatory investigations, a failed merger and the company filing for bankruptcy. We will assess how governance and incentive problems contributed to Enron’s rise and fall. A well-functioning capital market creates appropriate linkages of information, incentives and governance between managers and investors. This process is supposed to be carried out through a network of intermediaries that include professional investors such as banks, mutual funds, insurance and venture capital firms; information analyzers such...
Words: 13016 - Pages: 53
...advancing the charitable mission of the organization, and the fundraising ratio, defined as the ratio of fundraising expenses to donations revenue). Nonprofit managers have an incentive to over-report the expenses classified as program services and under-report the expenses classified as administrative and fundraising in order to improve these ratios. We examine whether nonprofits respond to these incentives, and we find evidence consistent with opportunistic cost shifting to improve the program service and fundraising ratios. Additional analysis finds that smaller nonprofits that are more reliant on donations revenue manipulate their operating ratios to a greater extent. JEL classification: M4; L3 Key words: Nonprofit organizations, earnings management, disclosure, hospitals. ______________________________________________________________________________ *Corresponding author. Tel.: (319) 335-0841; fax (319) ; email: robert_yetman@uiowa.edu 1 We thank Ashiq Ali, Ramji Balakrishnan, Leslie Eldenburg, Lil Mills, Shiva Sivaramakrishnan, and workshop participants at the University of Arizona and Texas A&M University for their helpful comments. 1. Introduction This...
Words: 12480 - Pages: 50
...Global Markets Liability Strategies Group February 2006 Corporate Dividend Policy Authors Henri Servaes Professor of Finance London Business School The Theory and Practice of Corporate Dividend and Share Repurchase Policy Peter Tufano Sylvan C. Coleman Professor of Financial Management Harvard Business School Editors James Ballingall Capital Structure and Risk Management Advisory Deutsche Bank +44 20 7547 6738 james.ballingall@db.com Adrian Crockett Head of Capital Structure and Risk Management Advisory, Europe & Asia Deutsche Bank +44 20 7547 2779 adrian.crockett@db.com Roger Heine Global Head of Liability Strategies Group Deutsche Bank +1 212 250 7074 roger.heine@db.com The Theory and Practice of Corporate Dividend and Share Repurchase Policy February 2006 Executive Summary This paper discusses the theory and practice of corporate dividend and share repurchase policy drawing on the results of a recent survey. Theoretical Considerations The table below lists the factors that are important in the choice between dividends and repurchases as a payout mechanism Factor Taxes Conveying information Management bonding Shareholder rights Investor preferences Attracting monitors Managing EPS Changing capital structure Residual policy Dominating Payout Form Depends Depends on time horizon Dividends Depends on other factors Depends on preferences Depends on other factors Repurchases Depends on other factors Depends on other factors Survey...
Words: 12572 - Pages: 51
...Business & Society http://bas.sagepub.com/ Corporate Social Performance As a Competitive Advantage in Attracting a Quality Workforce Daniel W. Greening and Daniel B. Turban Business Society 2000 39: 254 DOI: 10.1177/000765030003900302 The online version of this article can be found at: http://bas.sagepub.com/content/39/3/254 Published by: http://www.sagepublications.com On behalf of: International Association for Business and Society Additional services and information for Business & Society can be found at: Email Alerts: http://bas.sagepub.com/cgi/alerts Subscriptions: http://bas.sagepub.com/subscriptions Reprints: http://www.sagepub.com/journalsReprints.nav Permissions: http://www.sagepub.com/journalsPermissions.nav Citations: http://bas.sagepub.com/content/39/3/254.refs.html Downloaded from bas.sagepub.com at INDIAN INST OF MGMNT on May 10, 2011 Greening, Turban / CORPORATE SOCIAL BUSINESS & SOCIETY / September 2000 PERFORMANCE Corporate Social Performance as a Competitive Advantage in Attracting a Quality Workforce DANIEL W. GREENING DANIEL B. TURBAN University of Missouri Several researchers have suggested that a talented, quality workforce will become a more important source of competitive advantage for firms in the future. Drawing on social identity theory and signaling theory, the authors hypothesize that firms can use their corporate social performance (CSP) activities to attract job applicants. Specifically, signaling theory suggests that...
Words: 10981 - Pages: 44
...Paul M. Healy and Krishna G. Palepu F rom the start of the 1990s until year-end 1998, Enron’s stock rose by 311 percent, only modestly higher than the rate of growth in the Standard & Poor’s 500. But then the stock soared. It increased by 56 percent in 1999 and a further 87 percent in 2000, compared to a 20 percent increase and a 10 percent decline for the index during the same years. By December 31, 2000, Enron’s stock was priced at $83.13, and its market capitalization exceeded $60 billion, 70 times earnings and six times book value, an indication of the stock market’s high expectations about its future prospects. Enron was rated the most innovative large company in America in Fortune magazine’s survey of Most Admired Companies. Yet within a year, Enron’s image was in tatters and its stock price had plummeted nearly to zero. Exhibit 1 lists some of the critical events for Enron between August and December 2001—a saga of document shredding, restatements of earnings, regulatory investigations, a failed merger and the company ling for bankruptcy. We will assess how governance and incentive problems contributed to Enron’s rise and fall. A well-functioning capital market creates appropriate linkages of information, incentives and governance between managers and investors. This process is supposed to be carried out through a network of intermediaries that include professional investors such as banks, mutual funds, insurance and venture capital rms; information analyzers such...
Words: 11847 - Pages: 48
...Corporate Social Responsibility, Audit Fees, and Audit Opinions Long Chen School of Management George Mason University E-mail: lchenk@gmu.edu Bin Srinidhi Department of Accountancy City University of Hong Kong E-mail: acbin@cityu.edu.hk Albert Tsang School of Accountancy The Chinese University of Hong Kong E-mail: albert.tsang@cuhk.edu.hk Wei Yu Department of Accounting and Information Management The University of Tennessee E-mail: wyu4@utk.edu March 30, 2012 We thank Zhiyan Cao, Joseph Carcello, Keith Jones, Kathryn Kadous, Roger Simnett, and seminar participants at the City University of Hong Kong, George Mason University, National University of Singapore, Singapore Management University, Sun Yat-sen Business School, 2011 Academic Conference on Social Responsibility held by the University of Washington Tacoma, and 2012 AAA Auditing Section Midyear Conference for their helpful comments. Corporate Social Responsibility, Audit Fees, and Audit Opinions Abstract Using a sample of U.S. firms from 2000-2008, we examine whether and how their Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) affects audit fees and the audit opinions. We find that auditors charge lower fees and reduce the propensity to issue going concern qualifications to client firms with superior CSR performance, but increase them for clients with significant CSR concerns. We interpret this finding as suggesting that the auditors use CSR information as an indicator of the client’s...
Words: 23847 - Pages: 96
...lieu of them will be as per the University Rules in force on the date of the admission. 4. Foreign candidates’ admission is based on the Screening Process of the University currently in vogue. 1.2 M.B.A. (Evening) Candidate seeking admission into Part-Time M.B.A. (Evening) Programme has to satisfy the following Conditions: 1. Must be a Bachelor Degree holder of Osmania University or a Degree recognized by the university as equivalent thereto and/ (or) as per the Rules laid down by the University. 2. The candidate seeking admission must qualify in the entrance examination conducted by the appropriate authority in the year of admission as per the norms prescribed by the University. a. Must have at least Two years experience in Executive / Managerial /Administrative/ Supervisory position in any organization after obtaining the Bachelor Degree. Or b. Officers / Executives / Engineers working with any Government / Quasi govt. /Autonomous bodies / Local authorities/ teachers working in academic institutions with post-bachelor’s experience of 2 years. Or...
Words: 20223 - Pages: 81
...Principles of Management Control Systems 20 Fo rI B ICFAI UNIVERSITY S U se O nl y C la s s of 09 Principles of Management Control Systems 20 Fo rI B ICFAI Center for Management Research Road # 3, Banjara Hills, Hyderabad – 500 034 S U se O nl y C la s s of 09 The Institute of Chartered Financial Analysts of India, January 2006. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, used in a spreadsheet, or transmitted in any form or by any means – electronic, mechanical, photocopying or otherwise – without prior permission in writing from Institute of Chartered Financial Analysts of India. Fo ISBN 81-7881-995-3 Ref. No. PMCS/A 01 2K6 31 For any clarification regarding this book, the students may please write to ICFAI giving the above reference number, and page number. While every possible care has been taken in preparing this book, ICFAI welcomes suggestions from students for improvement in future editions. rI B S U se O nl y C la s s of 20 09 Contents PART I: AN OVERVIEW OF MANAGEMENT CONTROL SYSTEMS Chapter 1 Chapter 2 Chapter 3 Chapter 4 Chapter 5 Chapter 6 Chapter 7 Introduction to Management Control Systems Approaches to Management Control Systems Designing Management Control Systems Key Success Variables as Control Indicators Organizing for Adaptive Control Autonomy and Responsibility Transfer Pricing 3 15 28 42 57...
Words: 114680 - Pages: 459
...CURRICULUM OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION FOR BBA, BBS, MBA & MS HIG HER EDUC ATIO N CO MM ISSION (2012) HIGHER EDUCATION COMMISSION ISLAMABAD 1 CURRICULUM DIVISION, HEC Prof. Dr. Syed Sohail H. Naqvi Mr. Muhammad Javed Khan Malik Arshad Mahmood Dr. M. Tahir Ali Shah Mr. Farrukh Raza Mr. Abdul Fatah Bhatti Executive Director Adviser (Academics) Director (Curri) Deputy Director (Curri) Asstt. Director (Curri) Asstt. Director (Curri) Composed by: Mr. Zulfiqar Ali, HEC, Islamabad 2 CONTENTS 1. Introduction……………………………………...........6 2. BBA Programme....................................................11 a. Structure of BBA Programme..……………....12 b. Layout for BBA Programme..........................13 c. Semester-wise Breakup for BBA…...............14 3. Bachelor of Business Studies (BBS)......................15 4. MBA Programme....................................................16 a. Structure of MBA Programme........................17 b. Semester-wise Breakup for MBA...................19 5. MS in Management Sciences................................20 a. Structure of MS Programme...........................20 b. Eligibility for Non-business Degree Holders...21 6. Roadmap for Business Education…………............24 7. BBA Course outlines...............................................25 a. Compulsory Courses for BBA...…….…..........25 b. Foundation Core Courses...........…....…....... 41 c. Major Core Courses........................................59 d. Major...
Words: 58162 - Pages: 233
...UNDERGRADUATE CURRICULA AND FACULTY 2007 – 2011 Proposed 2009 – 2013 2 Requirements for the BBA degree: Foundation Courses 40-41 Credits Core Courses 45 Credits Departmental Requirement 24 Credits Minor 15 Credits Total variable requirement for Graduation 124-125 Credits Foundation Courses Communication Skills ENG 101 ENG 102 ENG 105* ENG 106 ENG 202 Listening and Speaking Skills English Reading Skills Business English Advanced English Skills Introduction to English Literature 40-41 Credits 9 3 3 3 3 3 * Prerequisite ENG 101 & 102 Note: students not exempted from ENG 101 and ENG 102 will have to take ENG 101, ENG 102 and ENG 105. Note: students exempted from ENG 101 and ENG 102 will have to take ENG 105, ENG 106, ENG 202 Computer Skills CIS 101* CSC 101** Fundamentals of Computer System Introduction to Computer Science 3 3 3 * For students without basic knowledge of computer **For students with basic knowledge of computer & mandatory for students with Major in subjects offered from the SECS Numeracy MAT 100* MAT 210* Basic University Mathematics 1 Basic University Mathematics 2 6 3 3 3 *MAT 100 and MAT 210 mandatory for SLAS majors(English, Media & Communication, Anthropology) other than Sociology MAT 101* MAT 211* MAT 102* MAT 212* Intermediate University Mathematics II Probability and Statistics Introduction to Linear Algebra & Calculus Probability & Statistics for Sc. & Engr. 3 3 3 3 **MAT 101and MAT 211 mandatory for...
Words: 16148 - Pages: 65
