...international media conglomerates. Because of better financing, these films can afford more expensive actors, wide releases, and are sold at popular retail stores. This has become known as the studio system. Films made by major studios or companies that are not owned by a media conglomerate but are distributed by a company owned by a media conglomerate (see Lucasfilm) are also considered to be mainstream and are often referred to as mainstream independent films. Companies that are completely independent, such as Lionsgate, also produce mainstream films, from a cultural standpoint, but independent of the studio system. The alternative to mainstream films are sub genre films that appeal to a certain audience, such as African American films. Low budget films, art films, and experimental films are often the starting point for entertainers who wish to enter into the mainstream circuit or a sub genre circuit. Mainstream films are targeted for all cultures and audiences, with the dominating culture and audience being the primary marketing focus, while sub genre films are marketed towards only one specific culture and audience. Mainstream films often recruit talent from all film genres and backgrounds. Alternative media are media (newspapers, radio, television, magazines, movies, Internet, etc.) which provide alternative information to the mainstream media in a given context, whether the mainstream media are commercial, publicly supported, or government-owned. Alternative media differ from...
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...Study Guide, Fall 2015 Media/Society, Ch. 6: Social Inequality & Media Representation · Comparing Media Content and the “Real World”: four issues raised by this comparison (pp. 188-189) o First – literature in media and cultural studies reminds us that representation are not reality, even if media readers or audiences may sometimes be tempted to judge them as such. § Representations are the result of process of selection that invariably mean that certain aspects of reality are highlighted and others neglected. § All representations re-present the social world in ways that are both incomplete and narrow. o Second – the media usually do not try to reflect the “real” world. o Creators of media products use entertainment media to comment on the real social world. Readers and audiences develop at least some sense of the social world through their exposure to both entertainment media and news media. · Third – Concerns the troublesome term real. o The concept of a “real” world may seem like a quaint artifact from the past. o Social constructionist perspective. § No representation of reality can ever be totally “true” or “real” because it must inevitably frame an issue and choose to include and exclude certain components of a multifaceted reality. o Fourth- Seems to imply that the media should reflect society. o For many people, media are an escape from the realities of daily life. o Therefore, how “real” media products are is irrelevant...
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...Print Media Vs Electronic Media We are living in a rapidly developing and modernized era where technology is taking charge in every walks of our life. This technology may come with many advantages and disadvantages as well. Every development is due to rapid modernization, improvement of old administration methods and the use of new technology to make things even better. However with the growing modernization human demand for knowledge is also increasing. Media serves an important role in keeping people informed about the events and innovations around the globe. This information may reach us in two forms, either through print media which is the oldest method, or the other one can be electronic media. With the improvement of electronic media during past few years and daily reports on achievements, electronic media has dominated over print media during past few years. Print media is the oldest form of Mass Media, and still not outdated. Daily about 70% of people start their day by reading newspaper, which is the oldest media around the world. Newspaper gives us information about whole world within few minutes of reading session, with a choice to skip the topics that we are not really interested about. Print Media still forms an important part of Media Industry which has been given a competition by electronic media and a new technology called e-newspaper applications. But still newspaper holds its value even today and is competing strongly with technology backed media. Basically...
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...changed to neighborhood attendance centers in January of 1956, although existing students were allowed to continue attending their prior assigned schools at their option. Then on May 17, 1954 the Warren Court handed down a 9-0 decision which stated, in no uncertain terms that "separate facilities are inherently unequal". Brown did not, however, result in the immediate desegregation of America's public schools, nor did it mandate desegregation of public accommodations, such as restaurants or bathrooms, that were owned by private parties, which would not be accomplished until the passage of the Civil Rights Act of 1964. However, it was a giant step forwards for the civil rights movement. Many articles have been written on the case of Brown vs. Board of Education since it occurred, and many opinions have been brought to the public's attention. The opinions of the African American authors seem to be slightly different than the white author. The language that the black authors use is slightly more hostile and a little more worried about America's integration of schools even thirty years after this...
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... * Communication can be external and internal. Keywords: Deliberate Planned Performance Public Interest Two-way Management function Challenges * PR is multifaceted Global * An estimated 3 million people practice public relations world wide Definitions * A number of definitions; often defined as publicity in a newspaper, television interview, or red carpet events Learning the ROPES Research-identifying and learning the client, what their problem is, and what there is. Objectives- Setting objectives to solve your problem. Programming- Planning out how you’re going to do the project. Evaluation- how you adjust and making sure you are addressing the objectives. Stewardship- Making sure it all flows together. Areas of public relations: Counseling Research Media relations Publicity Employee/member relations Community relations Public affairs Government affairs Issues management Financial relations Industry relations Development Multicultural relations Special events Marketing communications Comparing Public relations to: Journalism * Objective observer vs. advocate * Mass audience vs. defined publics * One channel vs. many channels Advertising * External audiences vs....
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...Canadian-American feminist media critic, blogger, and public speaker. She is the founder of Feminist Frequency, a website that hosts videos and commentary analyzing portrayals of women in popular culture. She has received particular attention for her video series Tropes vs. Women in Video Games, which examines tropes in the depiction of female video game characters. In 2012, Sarkeesian was targeted by an online harassment campaign following her launch of a Kickstarter project to fund the Tropes vs. Women in Video Games series. At the same time, supporters donated almost $160,000 to the project, far beyond the $6,000 she had sought. The situation was covered extensively in the media, placing Sarkeesian at the center of...
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...2004; Rowe and Brown, 1994) discovered that in relation to female athletes most media coverage was for their looks rather than their athletic ability and skills. However the men were evaluated on the skill of the sport while women became the object to observe. Compared to the pictures taken of men and women, the men’s pose’s were more athletic were as the women’s...
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...The Impact of Big Data By Ijaaz Lagardien Group 3A 214167542 1|Page Contents Plagiarism Declaration ....................................................................................................................................... 3 Abstract ............................................................................................................................................................. 4 Keywords ........................................................................................................................................................... 4 Introduction ....................................................................................................................................................... 4 Semi-structured data ......................................................................................................................................... 5 What is structured data ................................................................................................................................. 5 What is semi-structured data ........................................................................................................................ 5 Types of semi-structured data....................................................................................................................... 5 Unstructured data ......................................................................................................
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...The development of a child has many stages that it goes through. There has been a lot of different theories for how a child develops and why they it happens this way. Not all types of children develop in the same way. Your location, what school you attend what type of parents you have and etc. can determine how you develop. Also your ethnicity or race can affect how you develop and “grow up”. What I am interested in learning more about is how Asian American parents help their child develop and why it is seen as if African American children don’t strive or have the motivation to succeed as well as Asian American children. Although this may be a stereotype, it is what I see a lot; from my own experiences and from how the media portrays this. When I say media, I mean the news and movies. I want to find out what these two parents are doing differently and how we can get both groups of kids to succeed equally. What I am trying to focus my research on are children from African American families and Asian families. I want to focus on these two groups because they seem like they are on two different spectrums of learning ways. I don’t know this for sure yet. What I think is that Asian parents are a maybe stricter than African American parents. While some African American parents may just want their child to graduate from high school, Asian parents may want their child to finish high school, college, and graduate school. These things do depend on the environment of the family...
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...Break Even (Unit Sales Price-Variable Costs) Fixed Costs = Break Even (Unit Sales Price-Variable Costs) Fixed Costs = Principles of Marketing – MKTG 3010 – Fall 2014 Final Exam Study Guide –this guide is illustrative rather than exhaustive Topics from overall course themes (about 30-35% of the exam) * Brief definition of marketing: Managing profitable customer relationships * SWOT analysis * Break-even analysis Break Even | = | Fixed Costs | | | (Unit Sales Price-Variable Costs) | | | | * Consumer Behavior: describe the 5 steps, high vs. low involvement 1. Need Recognition 2. Information Search 3. Evaluation of Alternatives 4. Purchase 5. Post-purchase behavior * Diffusion of innovation: describe each group on the adoption curve * Marketing Research: primary vs. secondary data, qualitative vs. quantitative methods Primary Data: Information that is collected for the first time; used for solving the particular problem under investigation. Secondary Data: Data previously collected for any purpose other than the one at hand. Qualitative Methods: * Depth Interviews * Focus Groups * Projective Tests * Observational Methods * Metaphor Elicitation Quantitative Methods: Experimental & control/comparison groups. Manipulate independent variable across groups. •Independent & dependent variables, control/comparison conditions •Not casual...
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...Effect of Social Media on Students Social media has evolved tremendously over the years. It has become nearly a necessity to people around the world. Why take away the social media if it helps us out so much and has made things more accessible? The truth is that social media has become almost as addictive as a drug and a use for chatting and doing things that are not important, when instead people could be out doing important things and building relationships. Social media distorts our views on society and the real world, affecting the way that people communicate and has made us more dependent on a screen than face-to-face. Social media is destroying the social skills of high school and college students for the following reasons including: it causes danger, social media includes cyber bullying, and it can cause personality and brain disorders. The first reason that social media has a bad effect on the social skills of young adults is that it can cause personality and brain disorders. A person on the internet can be everything that they think a person wants them to be to be the “cool” kid. This is a bad habit to develop because students might tend to show a personality that is not them. What will happen when they go out into the real world and communicate? It is plain and clear that they will feel tense and get nervous since being behind a computer screen does not require an individual to face that person and require an automatic reply. On the contrary, when facing a person...
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...Loyalty – Victoria’s (VS) Secret has been described in one Business Insider article as, “the most popular apparel brand in the world”(Lutz, 2013). This may not be the case, but there certainly seems to be buzz surrounding the brand. Victoria’s Secrect, La Senza (Canada), and Pink are the three leading brands in the global lingerie market (Limited Brands Inc., 2013). VS managed to retain its customers and turn out an increased gross profit in spite of higher costs of production they faced last year, specifically for cotton, which may be a testament to the value of their brand (Euromonitor International, 2013). * Marketing through Social Media– While VS spends a lot on marketing, they increase their return on investment (ROI) by using such platforms as Facebook, Twitter, and Pinterest, to redirect traffic to their main website – one strategy to encourage online consumer behavior (Euromonitor International, 2013; Jane, 2012). Currently, VS ranks as the second most popular retail brand on Facebook, having over 24 million fans to date (Facebook Inc., 2014). As well, customers with the VS credit card can gain “social points” by connecting their Angel Cards with their social media accounts and sharing Victoria’s Secret news (Victoria’s Secret Inc., 2014). * Sales - Last fiscal year, VS generated US $1.5 billion through its online channel of distribution alone, amassing US $4.0 billion total from all of its distribution channels (Euromonitor International, 2013). VS accounted for the...
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...material on Blackboard or we’ll retrieve materials through online sources; thus there are no texts to buy for this course. Requirements You will complete approximately four graded assignments over the course of this semester – comprised of the following: 1. Politics, government policy, and/or social and cultural issues. Some of you may be interested and engaged in these matters already – such matters as economic theory and policy, immigration, gun rights vs. sensible gun regulation, health care policy, veteran affairs and funding, equal pay for women, women’s access to abortion and contraception, the right wing’s current attempt to defund Planned Parenthood; the Tea Party vs. . . . ALL government at large; race issues (the Black Lives Matter movement and all that it entails, especially policing in minority communities and minority profiling); voter rights vs. draconian voter ID laws and eliminating early voting; drug policies; foreign policy (involvement/intervention vs. isolationism; military involvement vs. diplomatic/economic solutions to conflict, e.g., the current debate...
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...Running head: MEDIA PORTRAYAL OF ATTACKS ON IRAQ Mainstream Media Portrayal of Ongoing Attacks on Iraq Name Institution Instructor Class The American mission in Iraq, launched in 2003 as the cornerstone of President Bush’s War on Terror and the beginning of America’s exercise in ‘nation building,’ has captivated and polarized national attention for the entirety of its thus far 2820 day existence. In 2003, much of the Western world unquestioningly accepted Saddam Hussein to be a tyrant in possession of nuclear weapons—and the Iraqi people one of the few in the world still forced to live in fear of a ubiquitous secret police.1 As days of American rule have grown to years, however, this narrative has largely unraveled and found itself reshaped as a web of power structures. As Iraq has emerged from a bona fide civil war, violence between sectarian tribes and the U.S.-Iraqi Government has continued. In the same timeframe in America, we have witnessed two Presidential elections and an increasing tendency of major media outlets to offer commentary and analysis—from a partisan viewpoint. The effect has been toxic: today the mainstream media has fractionated itself into insular cliques which often sacrifice big-picture reporting for attention grabbing headlines. Prior to the Wikileaks release this month, which placed the death toll among Iraqi civilians in the past six years at 66,000, the number killed was unclear and largely outside...
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...JOURNAL OF ADOLESCENT HEALTH 2000;27S:8–14 CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS Media and Youth: Access, Exposure, and Privatization DONALD F. ROBERTS, Ph.D. Purpose: To describe U.S. youth’s access and exposure to the full array of media, as well as the social contexts in which media exposure occurs. Methods: A cross-sectional national random sample of 2065 adolescents aged 8 through 18 years, including oversamples of African-American and Hispanic youth, completed questionnaires about use of television, videotapes, movies, computers, video games, radio, compact discs, tape players, books, newspapers, and magazines. Results: U.S. youngsters are immersed in media. Most households contain most media (computers and video game systems are the exception); the majority of youth have their own personal media. The average youth de3 votes 64 h to media; simultaneous use of multiple media increases exposure to 8 h of media messages daily. Overall, media exposure and exposure to individual media vary as a function of age, gender, race/ethnicity, and family socioeconomic level. Television remains the dominant medium. About one-half of the youth sampled uses a computer daily. A substantial proportion of children’s and adolescents’ media use occurs in the absence of parents. Conclusions: American youth devote more time to media than to any other waking activity, as much as one-third of each day. This demands increased parental attention and research into the effects of such...
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