...Media Representations of Canadian Women in Politics. Introduction The mass media have largely helped female political participation and electoral success. Media notice of the ‘gender gap’ helped women in the political arena, decades ago, and instilled awareness of the women’s vote and needed female representation (Kahn & Goldenberg, 1991, p. 104). Women are still presented in ways that differ from males in political coverage or other media, apt to be discussed for personal attributes, appearance or private lives, described as perky individuals, and often as soldiers or otherwise masculine persons, and as special achievers. It seems that Canadian female politicians cannot be simple representatives. Lively, Perky, Individuals Cody Groat (2013) discussed Sheila Copps, a longstanding Hamilton East MP and deputy prime minister to Jean Chretien that through twenty years in office continued to be presented in the media as cute and singular. Donatella Campus (2013) explained that women politicians find a ‘double bind’ in the need to be presentable, as means feminine in expected ways and competent (p.39). Canadian politics at all levels require media success according to established patterns. Much is applauded of how women balance family obligations and careers or for that matter, how they spend their free time. Male politicians when interviewed are not apt to be asked about family strain, stress or how they cope with criticism...
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...Canadian Business Environment Market and Nonmarket Environments Any issues or changes that happen in one of these environments can directly cause change to the other. Since both of these are so closely related and to a great importance for a firm to run successfully, they have put more focus on managing both aspects of the company. The interrelationship between the market and nonmarket environment is heavily based on the role of management. Since a firm will operate in both the market and nonmarket environments, managers are there to measure the impact one has on the other. The issues found in the nonmarket environment are directly related to the market environment of the firm. The nonmarket environment is a little more difficult to control than the market environment, but each firm is aware of the importance of running sufficiently in both aspects in order to be successful. As shown in figure 1-1 (Baron p. 3), the relationship that the nonmarket and market environment has. Market environment determines the significance of nonmarket issues to the firm. Nonmarket environment shapes business opportunities in the market place. Analysis of the Nonmarket Environment When analyzing the nonmarket environment of an organization the main focus is the four I’s that characterize the organization. The four I’s consists of Issues, Interests, Institutions and Information. The issues aspect is the main part of the nonmarket analysis, issues of a firm can be very vast, and they...
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... Introduction 3 Evolution of social media since 2000 3 Use of social media during Arab Spring 4 Hong Kong Protest 5 Use of Social Media During the Quebec Student Strikes in 2012 6 Social Media in 2015 Political Campaigns & Using Technology to Increase Voter Turnout 8 Conclusion : Does social media actually affect political participation Yes or No. 11 Appendix A 12 Appendix B 13 References 14 Introduction Social media is a part of the lives of the majority of the population today. Developed countries and developing countries alike have a variety of uses and applications that aid in day-to-day activities and communications. In this paper, we focus on the use of social media and the effects it has on political participation. We will look at popular social media sites including Facebook, Twitter, and YouTube, and explore how their evolution is affecting political participation. Using the historical examples of Arab Spring, the Hong Kong protest of 2014, the Quebec student strikes of 2012, and the recent Canadian Federal Election, we will highlight the importance of social media and its uses to influence and encourage political participation during each event. Evolution of social media since 2000 The expansion of the Internet during the 21st century, as well as the development and spread of mobile phone technology, has enabled and promoted the unprecedented growth of social media, generally considered to be any web-based or mobile communications...
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...Media is defined as “The means of communication, as radio and television, newspapers, and magazines, that reach or influence people widely.” (Dictionary). It is an extraordinary power, with the ability to create and bombard its consumers with endless images and opinions. However, attached to the media’s power is its ability to overwhelm and negatively affect its consumers. Detrimental to politics, “...a sense of cynicism, distrust, and suspicion of modern politics and politicians”, otherwise known as “media malaise” (Newton, 1999) can be created by the media. Ultimately, the type, overexposure, content, and stance of the media combined with our own misinterpretations causes “media malaise” (Newton, 1999) and turns us off politics. The type and exposure of media plays a determinant role in the cause of “media malaise” (Newton, 1999). Newton (1999) discovered that while dependent on content, television can be subtly linked to “media malaise” (Newton, 1999). However, Newton (1999) also concluded that “...after controlling for income, education, gender, age, and party politics, reading a broadsheet newspaper is strongly connected with media mobilization...” (p.596). This indicates that the media’s ability to turn us off politics takes place the strongest through television as opposed to other types of media. In 2005, on average, Canadians watched a little over 3 hours of television per day and in the United States it was over 8 hours per day (www.economist.com, 2007). This trend...
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...3 March 1980 and 20 June 1984. Trudeau was memorable and during his, he had an important impact in Canada making him one of the most important politicians in Canadian history. He became a very important figure by his political actions, his personality. He also introduced important political initiatives, which strongly influenced many aspects of Canadian political and private life. His significance is still recognized by Canadians at present, which is illustrated by the fact that on April 5, 2004, he was chosen as the third greatest Canadian of all times. The purpose of this e is to explore what made him such an important political figure and talk over the influence he had on Canada. The first area I will explore is Trudeau’s personality. For a politician, Trudeau’s character was highly unusual and it helped him achieve great popularity very early in his career. He drew a great pile of attention of the media and received large support...
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...Research Methods of Proposed Study…………………………….. Ethical Considerations of Proposed Study………………………………………….. References………………………………………………………………………….4 Chapter I: Introduction Statement of the Problem For anyone that is familiar with Canadian politics, especially in the Canadian Senate, corruption is a common theme. Richard Gwyn proposed that Canada’s political integrity was near perfect up until 1975, where political transgressions became prominent in the news. What Gwyn fails to note is the many smaller transgressions that have surfaced prior to 1975, which may not fall into the category of noteworthy (Gibbons & Rowat, 1975). The empirical evidence that must be stated with response to Canada’s political corruption is what is considered by many to be political integrity. What questions must also be answered; are what is considered shabby politics? Is Canada’s political integrity really as spotless as it seems, or are some transgressions overlooked because of what some people actually consider corruption? Purpose of the Proposed Research Study The proposed study will examine what citizens really consider to be political corruption. A sample population will be given a questionnaire to quantitatively test the opinions of Canadians to...
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...Canadian culture is an element of my identity that I struggle with describing and expressing. Throughout my twenty-one years of life, I lived equally in two different countries, Jamaica and Canada, both with distinctive cultures, identities, and approaches to communication policy and media production. In this introductory statement, I explore how my interests and curiosity in communication policy and political science developed because of my upbringing in both Canada and Jamaica; and, also, I explore my interest in and expectations for COMN 3250: Communications Policy I: A Comparative Introduction and COMN 3251: Communication Policy II: Current Issues and Case Studies. First, my interests in communication policy developed immensely due to...
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...I have excelled in French writing and reading throughout high school; however, French communication has always been my greatest barrier. Bilingualism is central to Canadian identity, and French fluency is essential in order to acquire a deeper understanding of Canadian culture and history. Hence, I pursued this program to challenge and strengthen my bilingualism. Each morning, I attended Immersion French classes focused on grammar and professional writing. Each afternoon, I engaged in workshops of journalism, broadcasting, poetry, and programming. As I explored the French domain of Winnipeg, my French proficiency greatly improved; I became comfortable with communicating and engaged in profound discussions regarding the cultural and political dynamics of Franco and Anglo Canadians. For instance, we investigated the impact of the defining figure, Maurice Richard, and the significant event, the Quiet Revolution. With workshops and lectures that focused on the Franco-Canadian culture, history, and politics, the program provided an academically stimulation and mind expanding adventure. I gained global perspective while working with high school, undergraduate, and graduate students across Canada. This experience allowed me to become proficient at a new language and opened the doors to international...
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...Pierre Trudeau was a lawyer, author, university professor and exceptional politician who changed the shape of Canadian politics, government and the justice system forever. He was born in Montreal on October 18, 1919 to a wealthy family and died of cancer on September 28, 2000. Trudeau’s early belief system was strongly influenced by his parents, especially his father. His views on business, love of country, support of the Catholic Church and French Canadian culture were passed onto him by his father. He was a bright student who excelled at the elite Jesuit preparatory school Collège Jean-de-Brébeuf and in law school at the University of Montreal. After graduating law school he practiced law and specialized in labor and civil liberty cases, issues he would later bring into focus for all of Canada. In 1961, Trudeau was a constitutional law professor at which point he began to consider turning to federal politics. In 1964 Trudeau decided to run for the Liberals and won a federal seat in 1965. He was appointed to the cabinet as Minister of Justice and within a year, he had reformed the divorce laws and liberalized the laws on abortion and homosexuality. He eventually became the Prime Minister of Canada and served as Prime Minister for 15 years. During his term as a cabinet minister and prime minister he accomplished much including the appointment of women as the Speaker of the Senate and House of Commons and Governor General. However his greatest accomplishment...
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...Cultural life According to “International Marketing,” ‘culture is an integrated system of learnt behavior patterns that are distinguishing characteristics of the members of any given society.” Canada’s culture originated from Europe, especially Britain and France. Canadians are relatively a broadminded, civil and very community-oriented people. Although they are individualistic in terms of their basic cultural traits, they nevertheless place a great deal of emphasis on the individual's responsibility to the community. This is seen as giving balance and a good quality of life. They’re also very protective of their constituent identity and encourage their people to stay true to it. Canada also has a low context which means most of its information is explicitly contained in the words. Furthermore, Canada’s government is made up of constitutional monarchy that is also a parliamentary democracy and a federation. A multitude of languages are spoken in Canada. According to the 2006 census, English and French are the preferred language of 67.1% and 21.5% of the population, respectively. Canada also has five widely-spoken non-official languages which are Chinese (the home language of 2.6% of Canadians), Punjabi (0.8%), Spanish (0.7%), Italian (0.6%), and Arabic (0.5%). They’re also perceived as diverse, and multicultural. Ethnic groups that reside in their country are British Isles origin (28%), French origin (23%), other European (15%), Amerindian (2%), other, mostly...
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...people have the freedom to participate in Canadian politics according to the constitution. The federal election of Canada is usually held every four years. Like the United States, Canada uses a first-past-the-post (FPTP) system during election. During electoral process, the country or province is divided into small areas called electoral districts according to its population. Under the FPTP system, one candidate will be elected per electoral district, and voters are only allows choosing one candidate on their ballot. Then, there will be 107 members of Provincial Parliament gathered together in Ontario legislature and vote the electoral district they want. The winning party with the most ridings will asked by the Governor General to form the government. The leader of that...
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...JRShaw School of Business JR340 Business and it’s EnvironmentDoug KennedyBy:Andrew Hamilton, section 51 | [West Jet: An analysis of Non-Market Strategies] | | Contents History 3 Nonmarket Environment 3 Public perception 4 Private politics 5 Public politics 6 Court or regulatory scrutiny 7 Integrated Strategy 8 Leaders’ Responsibility 9 Conclusion 10 Bibliography 12 History West Jet was founded in 1996 by 5 entrepreneurs who believed they could succeed as a low-cost carrier in the western Canadian market. With a fleet of only three Boeing 737 aircraft and just over two-hundred employees, West Jet served Calgary, Edmonton, Kelowna, Vancouver and Winnipeg. West Jet went public in 1999, allowing for greater access to capital and potential for growth. In 2000 market share was expanded to eastern Canada. By 2004 West Jet began to access the U.S. and in 2006 started international flights. West Jet continues to grow into new markets and is now in position to become a major competitor among international carriers. The low cost “no-frills” service and corporate culture have been the praise of West Jet success. To use market share as a measure, West Jet began with none and now has approximately 33% Canadian market share with plans for this to increase. Nonmarket Environment West Jet has developed a very strong market position in a short period of time. They certainly have a strong marketing strategy and low-cost structure that promotes strong margins...
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...Identity Politics “I don’t see myself” "Are you Tunisian?" The taxi driver asks, my new colleagues wonder and my landlord investigates. The unapologetic identity sign that I carry with me sometimes put me in the spotlight. A conscious decision that I have taken since I moved to the capital. It is call to celebrate and appreciate what is categorized as “ugly or unmodern”.It is my extensive use of Tamazight vocabulary to preserve my heritage, my broken French that my grandparents used as weapon of resistance and my heavy accent that makes me authentic. By now, I have mastered the Art of dodging the question or just smiling, because sometimes I don't have the energy to start reading my " identity manifesto"; Also because most of the time strangers...
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...Research and Analysis Canada. Access to Information Review Task Force. (2002, June). Access to Information: Making it Work for Canadians. Page 2 Policy document Research and Analysis Canada. Access to Information Review Task Force. Overview: The decision to implement an Access to Information Act (ATIA) in Canada was a process initiated in the early 1970s and only in 1982 was a workable law established in this country. Through many years, the preliminary actions were taken by a few and only after the government officially decided to develop the law, was a real concerted effort expended on the Access To Information Act (ATIA). Heralded as an example to be followed, it has been many years since the law was amended to keep up with the times of the changing face of information access. As a result the Canadian act has languished for many years with a constant whittling away at the right to access culminating with the current outcry that the law must be made more workable. This is a brief search of the actions that have been taken and their results. Historical aspects of Access to Information in Canada: The existing Access to Information Act (ATIA) as passed by the Federal Parliament in 1982, and was enacted in1983 after years of attempts at implementation Page 3 of an information access bill by members of the Canadian Parliament. Spearheaded by the Conservative MP Gerald William Baldwin in the 1970s, his research was conduced in order to design...
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...and business practices. Americanization refers to a process of acculturation by populations to American values and cultures. Canada and the United States are allies and trading partners (Gravelle 135). The two countries share a rich history of cooperation with each other. Cooperation between the two nation has been promoted by the fact that the two countries are neighbors. Canada began developing relationships with the United States after the Canadian confederation. The nation began their reliance on the United States for their national defense. Many Canadians believe that the country’s economic, political and military dependence on the United States would not make a difference in their day to day life activities. The Americans have influence more than the Canadian culture. Aspects in relation to media, economic dependence, American propaganda, artists and political pressure from the United States have made Canada too Americanized. The factors that make Canada too Americanized reflect mainly on the social life witnessed among many Canadians. They are viewed as risk hazards because they threaten the traditions and heritage that define the nation as an independent country. The US and Canada have close cultural ties that are advanced by similarities of language as both nations speak English as the national language. Canada gained self-domination of its internal affairs in the year 1867. However, during this time, Britain continued to control defense and diplomacy policies. The United...
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