...Impact of the Global Economic Crisis on China’s Migrant Workers: A Survey of 2,700 in 2009 Mark Wang1 Abstract: An Australian geographer examines the effects of the global financial crisis on China’s migrant workers, based on a recent survey of over 2,700 such workers conducted during January–February 2009. The author focuses on the number of migrant workers returning to their home villages for the annual New Year holiday period, the types of workers that were laid off, options available to such workers upon losing employment, and the reasons underlying their subsequent moves. Implications of the findings for labor policy in China are briefly outlined and several directions for future research identified. Journal of Economic Literature, Classification Numbers: E240, G010, J610, J690. 7 tables, 68 references. Key words: China, global financial crisis, migrant workers, unemployment, globalization, rural development, push factors, manufacturing exports, hukou, migration networks, remittances, Chinese New Year, return migration. INTRODUCTION M igration is closely tied with processes of globalization and the global economy, and China’s rural-to-urban migrant workers have contributed substantially to the country’s economic growth and success. This group of hard-working laborers has made inexpensive “made-in-China” products available in almost every corner of the world. Varying sources estimate that migrant workers2 have contributed 16–24 percent of China’s GDP growth and...
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...“Critically evaluate how social psychology relates to the ‘European Migration Crisis’ of the summer 2015 using the two news articles provided.” ‘’Migrants and refugees streaming into Europe from Africa, the Middle East, and South Asia have presented European leaders and policymakers with their greatest challenge since the debt crisis, ’’ Jeanne Parker, Deputy Director Council of Foreign Relations (September, 2015). It has been estimated by the IOM that within the first few months of this year, over 464,000 migrants have crossed into Europe, 150 per hour in Germany (Express), with the majority constituting Syrians escaping civil war. With the recent terrorist attacks on France and threats of ISIS across Europe and Western countries imminent, it has caused much concern among settling nations of the threat of facilitated entry for terrorist groups disguised as asylum seekers. As well as how the massive influx of migrants will further affect their standard of living and the relative depravity with the impending strain on the economy and resources. Social psychologists have theorized over the different behavioural response’ and attitudes of migration on receiving countries, with four main inter-connected concepts applicable to European communities involved in the humanitarian crisis of 2015: the dynamics of in-group/out-group processes and prejudice from unwelcoming communities to pro-social behavior and altruism shown by welcoming sectors of society. A major field of psychology...
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...<p style="position: absolute; top: -999em;"><img src="//sa.bbc.co.uk/bbc/bbc/s?name=news.world.europe.story.32428500.page&cps_asset_id=32428500&page_type=Story&section=%2Fnews%2Fworld%2Feurope&first_pub=2015-04-23T08%3A23%3A41%2B00%3A00&last_editorial_update=2015-05-18T17%3A17%3A27%2B00%3A00&title=Mediterranean+migrants+crisis%3A+Is+military+force+the+solution%3F&for_nation=in&app_version=1.77.0&pal_route=asset&ml_name=barlesque&app_type=responsive&language=en-GB&ml_version=0.26.31&pal_webapp=tabloid&prod_name=news&app_name=news&blq_js_enabled=0&blq_s=4d&blq_r=2.7&blq_v=default&blq_e=pal " height="1" width="1" alt=""/></p> Accessibility links * Skip to content * Accessibility Help Sign in BBC navigation * News * Sport * Weather * Shop * Earth * Travel * Capital * Culture * Autos * Future * TV * Radio * CBBC * CBeebies * WW1 * Food * iWonder * Bitesize * Music * Nature * Local * More ------------------------------------------------- Top of Form Search the BBC Bottom of Form More * News * Sport * Weather * Shop * Earth * Travel * Capital * Culture * Autos * Future * TV * Radio * CBBC * CBeebies * WW1 * Food * iWonder ...
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...Diego Bustos Prof. Imogene Lim GLST 490 9th December, 2014 The Mexican Dream: Drug Cartels The American dream, a dream that does not come true for every man or woman that is in search of it. According to Ellies, the American dream represent: “each person has the right to pursue happiness, and the freedom to strive for a better life through hard work and fair ambition.” But, would not that same dream be the dream for Germans, French, Spanish, Brazilians and every single country in the world? The truth is that according to the level of access a person has in order to pursue happiness and to strive for a better life has been indisputably the gap among developed and undeveloped countries for decades. However, hard work does not seem to be the key factor to achieve happiness and/or a better life. Then, what does? During the beginning of the 1980’s decade, Mexico among other Latin-American countries started to adopt Structural Adjustment Programs (SAP) sponsored by the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and the World Bank (WB) in response to the neo-liberal ideology that was starting to spread around the world as the avenue for global well-being. The World Health Organization states that Structural Adjustment Programs: “were economic policies for developing countries that have been promoted by the WB and IMF since the early 1980s by the provision of loans conditional on the adoption of such policies.” The economic policies promoted by the IMF and WB were meant to encourage the...
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...Solving the Syrian Refugee Crisis A Refugee is defined by Oxford Dictionaries as “a person who has been forced to leave their country in order to escape war, persecution, or natural disaster”. The Syrian refugee crisis has become a consistent cause for concern for the international community, resulting in the highest influx of refugees in Europe since the second world-war. To some people this crisis may seem a relatively new phenomenon, however in actual fact it has been ongoing for the past five years. The war in Syria commenced on the 15th of March 2011, as a result of the conflict between the Syrian government, led by the Al-Assad family and the pursuit of the Syrian people for democracy. In critically analysing the statement ‘Solving the Syrian Refugee Crisis’, a noticeable bias becomes directly apparent in the use of the word ‘solving’. Solving an issue refers to finding an answer to, explanation for, or a way of dealing with a problem. This would suggest there are approaches that could be taken to help the Syrian people. Therefore, this essay will discuss the evolution of the Syrian refugee crisis, current control measures in place, and possible suggestions which I feel would significantly help in resolving this crisis. Since March 2011, the Syrian civil war has inflicted great human casualty with over 240,000 people killed, 7.6 million people internally displaced and approximately half of the pre-war population in need of urgent assistance (Jonson, 2015). The Syrian civil...
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...THE ROLE OF NGOS IN SECURING UNDOCUMENTED INTERNATIONAL MIGRANTS’ ACCESS TO HEALTHCARE SERVICES IN TURKEY Intro- question The contemporary international order is based on the nation-state system which was founded in the 17th century with the Treaty of Westphalia and consolidated in the 20th century after the World War I. In this system, the state is responsible for the well-being of its unified citizens, whereas the citizens perform their certain duties such as paying taxes. After the World War II, welfare systems were initiated mostly in Western countries in different types and scales. However, a welfare system that targets its citizens and is financed by the levied taxes goes through a crisis when foreigners cross the borders and need basic services. Those migrants can be asylum seekers who escape from political conflicts in their homeland or economic migrants who search for a better living. Those migrants who enter the country from an illegal way or whose residence permits expire become undocumented/unregistered/illegal. At this stage, they cannot benefit from health services except the emergency health services, cannot work in good standards,...
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...to one encountered by all migrants: xenophobia. This concept broadly explains one culture’s irrational, unsubstantiated hostility towards another culture. It has created a crisis because society has developed a culture of separating individuals and denigrating them only based on their origin. Combating this crisis requires society to transition towards xenophilia, or one culture’s hospitality towards another culture. By doing so, we will address the underlying structural dimensions that establish xenophobia, which will lead society to understand that migrants deserve the necessary human rights promised to all citizens. Justice obliges us, as a society, to provide this fundamental fairness to all people. Specifically, our society yields immense benefits from migrant workers’ labor, but in return, we hold them at the constant cusp of detainment and deportation. This persistent threat towards migrant workers, who are law-abiding citizens, radiates from xenophobia. Transitioning from this view requires citizens to understand the migrants’ contributions to our society and recognize that they are enhancing our national identity, rather than deconstructing it. Further, our society holds xenophobic views because we perpetuate the migrants’ negative aspects and portray them as an invading plague. Our government constantly seeks to militarize our border and create programs that inhibit anyone from crossing illegally. The media stresses that illegal migrants are criminals who contribute...
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...Theoretical Analysis of Narrative of Migration Hannah is a migrant from Philippines who came to UK in 1985. This analysis will review the original narrative of migration and determine the topics that will be examined in depth. In addition, the analysis will explore the historical and socio-cultural aspects of Philippine migration and the formation of Filipino diaspora in the UK. The concept of identity and the idea of homeland and hostland will be analysed in the context of diaspora community. Furthermore, this analysis will reflect on the issues related to cross-cultural transmission of values and identify the influence of diaspora communities in contemporary British society. Hannah migrated to UK together with her mother and three brothers as dependents of the father who came few years earlier for employment in London. According to available data of Philippine Embassy in London (PEL), there are approximately 250,000 Filipino migrants in the UK (PEL, 2011a). However, the original narrative lacks detailed description of the Filipino diaspora in the UK to support a conclusive definition of this community. This analysis will review all available information from the narrative and other data gathered about the history of Philippine migration to UK. The first wave of Filipino labour migration took place from 1900 to early 1940s with USA as main destination (Gonzales 1998, p.26). The second wave was from 1940s to early 1970s. After World War II, Filipino war veterans and...
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...its remotest areas. Migration is taking place within very different contexts: f.e. military conquest, refugees, expulsion or enslavement. But migrants have also traveled in search of economic opportunities, new settlement areas or trade routes. Currently approximately 216,000,000 people are living away from their place of birth. This number equals about 3% of the world population. Analyzing the reasons for migration one distinguishes between push and pull factors - often both appear together. Push factors are circumstances in the country of origin that lead people to emigrate, for example poverty, war or environmental disasters. Pull factors are conditions in the destination country that make immigration attractive such as economic opportunity and political freedom. Overall trends By far the most immigrants live in the United States followed by Russia and Germany. The main countries of origin are Mexico, India, China and Russia. In proportion to the population Persian Gulf countries host the largest share of migrants - about 35% of their population. They mostly come from South Asia and Egypt. Most migrants in the US come from Latin America, particularly from Mexico. In Europe the origin of immigrants differs considerably between countries and reflects their historical development: in Germany and Denmark a large share of migrants are of Turkish origin, most immigrants in France, Portugal and...
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...1. There are four important factors that cause international migration flows: economic pressures; social networks and connections between migrant sending and receiving countries; immigration policies; and cultural perceptions people in developing countries have about immigration and immigrant receiving countries. Indicate which of these you believe is the most important and second most important factors and explain why. There are four important factors that cause international migration flow. The most important factor is the economic pressures and second most important is the cultural perceptions people in developing countries have about immigration and immigrant receiving countries. Both these factors are relatively related and linked together. The most important factor that influences migration flows is the economic pressures. People who pursue better wages and a higher standard of living economically motivate most labor migrations. This is generated by the push- pull theory that explains how migrants are pushed to leave the areas of origin because of demographic growth, low standards of living, and lack of economic opportunities (Castles and Miller 22). Migrants are then pulled to move to receiving countries because they are attracted to the demand they have for labor, availability of land, economic opportunities, and political freedoms (Castles and Miller 22). The push-pull factor is one of the main explanations as to why the economic pressures are the biggest factors that...
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...In the last decade, a record number of people have left their homes for reasons as varied as internal violence, economic instability, and climate change. Facing large numbers of people hoping to get in, more affluent states have had a growing interest in regulating their borders to safeguard national security. The task of protecting domestic, economic, and security interests with international human rights commitments has fallen to courts. The concepts of “refugee” and “migrant” have been twisted in international courts in cases regarding interdiction at sea. United Nation’s refugee agency (UNHCR) reported that global refugee figures, caused by the war in Syria and other instabilities in the Middle East and Africa, cross 50 million people—the highest since World War I. It’s not surprising then, that there has been a comparable rise in people attempting to enter the European Union to seek for refuge, many embarking on life threatening voyages across the Mediterranean to find themselves a safer place. Who are refugees? According to the 1951 Refugee Convention. Under Article 1(A)2, the term “refugee” shall apply to any person who: “...owing to well-founded fear of being persecuted for reasons of race, religion, nationality,...
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...DRAFT COUNTRY CASE STUDY THE GLOBAL FINANCIAL CRISIS: IMPACT ON BANGLADESH K.A.S. Murshid BROTEE July 19, 2009 The author would like to gratefully acknowledge the contribution of Dr. Anwara Begum, Research Fellow, BIDS and Mr. Zabid Iqbal, Research Associate, BIDS. The author is a Research Director, BIDS. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY (TBC) I Introduction The world economy is currently experiencing the worst global financial crisis since the Great Depression. While major world economies have taken a massive hit resulting in negative growth rates in key countries or regions, including the US, EU and Japan, the contagion also spread to emerging developing countries like China, Brazil, India and South Africa, as well as to the countries of South East Asia and Latin America. The magnitude of impact seems to depend on the extent of integration with the rest of the world (or to use World Bank jargon, the extent of liberalization that has taken place). The impact on LDCs like Bangladesh has been muted in the first, and even the second round. However, there is growing evidence that third round impacts are making themselves felt, manifested in declining exports, declining migration of labour, growing number of sick industries, industrial unrest, and reduced growth. There are also fears that poverty and unemployment may be...
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...MHC608 Business Ethics for Hospitality Contents Introduction: 3 An overview of Bulgaria’s refugee’s crisis: 4 Stakeholders and Typology theories: 4 Definition of Stakeholders: 4 A typology theories of stakeholder: 4 Types of stakeholders: 5 Ethical Framework: 5 Applying stakeholder theories to this Bulgaria case: 5 Refugees: 5 Bulgarians: 6 European Union: 7 IS-terrorist attacks: 8 Apply the ethical approach into the view of the Bulgaria’s government: 8 Conclusion 10 REFERENCE: 10 Introduction: As we can see that ethics is perceived in different angles and aspects but it is, undeniably, an important role of ethics in our life. According to Noel Preston (2001, p.18) ethics indicates the general views of what is right, fair or good. It is also the core values, rules which we use to make our choices and actions. Similarly, (Boardman, 2005) said that ethics is applied naturally for many areas such as our own lives, business and an organisation. In our daily lives, making decisions and actions seem to be driven or motivated from/ by the certain standards or values. Furthermore, ethics target on evaluating the right or wrong behaviours of both individuals and the good or bad performance of an organisation. This report will evaluate the ethical approach which Bulgaria government uses to make the fence-line decision. This paper will be divided into four parts. The first part is going to summary the Bulgaria cases. The next part will come up with...
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...migrate from lower developed countries to developed countries. Nowadays, migration is one of the hottest news around the world, and recently, the world is experiencing a migration issue more than anything it has seen in decades, the refugees’ crisis in Europe. The violence and brutal civil war in Syria that began in March 2011, and since it is really difficult and dangerous to get aid for people in Syria, it forced millions of people fled Syria to other countries, carrying the hope of getting to another place to live a better life. Many refugees have been arriving to Europe, then trying to reach countries like Britain or Germany. According to news.xinhuanet.com, France and Britain offered to welcome combined 44 thousand refugees over the next 5 years, Germany and Austria expected to receive 800 thousand refugees and migrants this year and the United States have decided to take 10 thousand refugees in from Syria. United Nations Secretary, General Ban Ki-moon, has stated that the large majority of people arriving in Europe are refugees fleeing war and violence, who have a right to seek asylum without any form of discrimination. Obviously, migration has its bright and dark side. The bright side of migration is that legal migrants will have a better life and better living conditions for both adults and children. Moreover, migration also enriches the countries’ cultural diversity as well as contributes new useful ideas and fresh approaches in international trading and...
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...century migration for laborers increased. After the European expansion the next period was due to industrialization in the United States. Postwar economies were also in need of labor in countries such as Europe, North America, and Australia. What is the author's definition of irregular migration? Irregular migration are the people that migrate and are classified as “illegal,” “undocumented,” or “unauthorized.” Entering a country to work without a permit or without a visa would mean that a migrant is irregular. More often than not a migrant enters a country for work and the majority are within the United States. However, some migrants are smuggled or trafficked across boarders. What does the author say that migration matters today? Immigration could be classified as a factor in how our economy is within a demographic crisis. Migrants come in young and hardworking however they eventually will grow old and need to retire pulling from pensions that are already dwindling. Migrants are brought in to work but they do not alleviate the problem that exist rather make it worse over time. References Khalid, K. (2009, April 1). Why Migration Matters. Current...
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