...Sports or games have played a large part in the history of the world in regards to culture and entertainment and in some cases even sacrificial beliefs. Games using spherical shaped balls have been recorded as early as 1,400 B.c. in MesoAmerica and have evolved into what are now the World’s most prominent sports such as soccer or fùtbol. Games have evolved into sport, which has taken modern society by storm and created one of the largest economical entertainment industries in the world today. The first recorded history of games played with round objects was known as Ōllamaliztli, or simply as, “The Ball Game.” This game had ritualistic associations and has been dated back to 1,400 B.C. Many cultures grew to involve this game into it’s culture and ritualistic lives but the great civilization of the Mayans was the prominent exerciser. “As best as is now known from archaeological and iconographical sources as well as the structure of the sport courts, this was a very physically taxing and important part of Mayan culture.” (Blümchen). Although the exact rules of the game are unknown to this day, historians have made certain hypothesis as too how it was played. The game was played in large courts found all over Central America and as far north as Arizona. Diagonally arched balls surrounded the court with rings at the top of each wall. “Evidence suggests that different types of games, all played with a rubber ball, existed in ancient Mesoamerica, but the most widespread was...
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...and innovator. He invented the sport of basketball in 1891 and is often credited with introducing the first football helmet. He wrote the original basketball rulebook, founded the University of Kansas basketball program, and lived to see basketball adopted as an Olympic demonstration sport in 1904 and as an official event at the 1936 Summer Olympics in Berlin, as well as the birth of both the National Invitation Tournament and the NCAA Men's Division I Basketball Championship . Born in Canada, Naismith studied physical education in Montreal before moving to the United States, where he developed basketball in late 1891 while teaching at the International YMCA Training School in Springfield, Massachusetts. Naismith also studied medicine in Denver, taking his MD in 1898 before moving to the University of Kansas. After a decade serving there as a faculty member and part-time basketball coach during the sport's fledgling years, he became the Kansas Jayhawks' athletic director. He became a U.S. citizen in 1925 in Lawrence, Kansas. Naismith's contributions to basketball have earned him several posthumous honours, such as in the Canadian Basketball Hall of Fame, the Canadian Olympic Hall of Fame, the Canadian Sports Hall of Fame, the Ontario Sports Legends Hall of Fame, the Ottawa Sports Hall of Fame, the McGill University Sports Hall of Fame, the Kansas State Sports Hall of Fame and the FIBA Hall of Fame. The Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame in Springfield, Massachusetts...
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...By some accounts 500 years ago our African ancestors were running from the slave catcher and slave ships to avoid slavery, however, today the descendants of slaves are still running. In fact they are running, jumping, shooting baskets and catching awed shaped balls for their masters. Sporting events such as track and field, football and basketball are mainly dominated by blacks. On any given Saturday afternoon at majority white institutions, the black athlete can be found entertaining not only their immediate white master, but their white masters in term of the disproportionate number of white fans including faculty, staff and college administrators. This in itself has pre-dated far too many black athletes to slavery and the conditions of modern day slavery at the hand of athletics. Truly sports in America today as we know it has psychologically damaged the black athlete....
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...difference in economic status is the only major difference in responses in the interview. Also, both participants said that the pillow would most likely have belonged to a male in their teen or young adult years. This is surprising considering most everyone in modern day times uses a pillow. The reason for this specificity is because of the theme of the pillow. Generally, basketball fans are mostly male. There are definitely some female basketball fans, but both participants stated that they thought the pillow belonged to a male. If I were to discover this pillow years from now I would still recognize the theme of the pillow. LeBron James is a very talented basketball player. His image and legacy will forever stay with him. People today still idolize great baseball players from way back in the early 20th century. I think I would be able to identify what kind of person would own this pillow even hundreds of years from now. One of the ways I would identify the person and time period the pillow belonged to would be to cross-reference the designs on the pillow with known facts from the past. I would know that the basketball on the back of the pillow is a clue that maybe the name on the other side might be a famous basketball player. I would then check other archaeological finds and compare this name with other...
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...Basketball is a team sport which has immense popularity and played with the help of a ball that is shot into a basket positioned horizontally. The objective to shoot the ball is scores which are gained by following certain rules of the game. The game is played by 2 teams constituting 5 players each who play on a marked rectangular floor with baskets on both ends. The game of basketball was invented by James Naismith in 1891. James Naismith was a physical education teacher at McGill University and later at Springfield College (then Y.M.CA.) at Springfield, Massachusetts. Under the guidance of physical education specialist, Luther Halsey Gulick, he invented basketball as an indoor sport. Basketball was originally played with soccer ball and Naismith used a peach basket (with non-hollow bottom) nailed at a height of 10 feet above ground on an elevated track. Considering the manual removal of ball from the basket a drawback, the bottom was removed to take the shape of modern day baskets. Dribbling was not a part of the game originally and evolved eventually until 1950 with balls gaining better shape from manufacturing. Also the orange ball evolved from the brown ball that was used at the beginning to be more visible. By the year 1906, the peach baskets were replaced by metal hoops with backboard. A referee tosses the ball between at the center of the court between the two players; one from each team and the player who gets hands on the ball passes it to a teammate...
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...Thomas Hughes, Charles Studd, Bud Schaeffer and Gil Dodds. Each of these men had different interpretations of muscular Christianity based off of their backgrounds. Mathisen compared each interpretation and created a timeline of contributions to the rise of modern day religious sport culture. Past to Present: The Influence of “Muscular Christianity” Muscular Christianity is a religious connection of Christianity to physical well-being. Many organizations today are influenced by this modern day form of Christianity. The YMCA an organization we are all familiar with is a prime example of combining religious values with healthy living. The YMCA’s mission incorporates values such as honesty, responsibility, and caring. They focus on youth development and physical health. Youth ministries are included in their programs for youth. The YMCA is an organization founded from the past contributions of the individuals Mathisen listed in his article. The organizations like this one have such positive effects on our youth. They provide safe and fun learning environments for academics and religous purposes. The purpose of Mathisen’s article was to explain how Gil Dodds was the most influential individual in the creation of the modern day sports...
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...but rather between tens of millions of people it is known as mass media. Mass media is known as the central nervous system of society. "Mass media has many different purposes, such as providing information, entertaining, persuading and also by carrying a vague general function of culture to millions of people."(Frederick 18). In order for mass media to exist, there must be an audience. Today's society is very selective; each receiver reacts differently through his or her own experience and orientation according to mass media. Therefore, mass media exists in many different forms such as magazines, television, newspapers, internet, motion pictures, and even plays. Some examples of these forms of mass media are cosmopolitan magazine for young modern women and TSN television network for sports fans. With such extreme varieties of mass media existing in today's societies there are three major constraints that seem to have an impressionable impact. These constraints can keep mass media very restricted. The major constraint of mass media is competition. Each form of mass media wants to be the one to target the audience, so therefore competition between mass media is very strong, because capturing the inside of the sports world is critical. Apart from the competition among the various forms of media there is also competition among each form of the media example Fox network competes with all television networks for a market share of the audience. Network companies such as Fox buy the contracts...
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...I decided to evaluate the organizational structure of the Boston Celtics, which is a professional basketball franchise whose team is a member of the NBA. The NBA is a professional basketball league in the United States and Canada that consist of 32 teams. I choose the Boston Celtics because it is one of the most recognizable franchises and logos in all professional sports. With 17 NBA championships, the most of any NBA franchise and unbelievable fan base from all over the world. The average fan that watches the NBA has no idea to the amount of money and organization management that is involved with these organizations and franchises. They are structured very meticulously, where every position is essential to winning, making money, and leaving the fans that spend millions of dollars supporting these franchises entertained, and happy. Winning Championships is not at all about the players on the court that play the game. Yeah they play the game and must out score the other team to win. In reality but it takes a lot of time and hard work buy the people in the front offices that run the franchise to get an organization to that level. Winning Championships is not like a pickup game of basketball you have to hire people in all types of positions. Everything position from a General Manager, to a Head Coach, to a Game Operations Manager. Any Championship organization will tell you that you win Championships as an Organization, not just the player that plays the game. Everyone...
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...Basketball is a sport played by two teams of five players on a rectangular court. The objective is to shoot a ball through a hoop 18 inches (46 cm) in diameter and 10 feet (3.0 m) high mounted to a backboard at each end. Basketball is one of the world's most popular and widely viewed sports.[1] A team can score a field goal by shooting the ball through the basket during regular play. A field goal scores two points for the shooting team if a player is touching or closer to the basket than the three-point line, and three points (known commonly as a 3 pointer or three) if the player is behind the three-point line. The team with the most points at the end of the game wins, but additional time (overtime) may be issued when the game ends with a draw. The ball can be advanced on the court by bouncing it while walking or running or throwing it to a team mate. It is a violation to move without dribbling the ball, to carry it, or to hold the ball with both hands then resume dribbling. Violations are called "fouls". A personal foul is penalized, and a free throw is usually awarded to an offensive player if he is fouled while shooting the ball. A technical foul may also be issued when certain infractions occur, most commonly for unsportsmanlike conduct on the part of a player or coach. A technical foul gives the opposing team a free throw, and the opposing team also retains possession of the ball. As well as many techniques for shooting, passing, dribbling and rebounding, basketball has...
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...Policies and their contributing theories Neighborhood Watch Neighborhood Watch is one of the oldest and most well-known crime prevention programs in the world. The modern day concept of program became popular in the late 1960s in response to an increasing burglary rate, the beginnings of Neighborhood Watch can be traced back to the days of first Colonial settlements, when night watchmen patrolled the streets. The modern version of the Neighborhood Watch Program was developed as a result of the several requests from sheriffs and police chiefs around the country who were looking for a crime prevention program that would include citizen involvement and address the increasing number of burglaries taking place, especially in rural and suburban areas. In 1972, the National Sheriffs' Association took the concept a step further by seeking funding to make the program a national initiative. The funding came from a grant from the Law Enforcement Assistance Administration. Now in criminology, the broken windows theory is based on the 1982 work of political scientist Dr. James Q. Wilson and American criminologist Dr. George L. Kelling. The theory implies that a closely monitored neighborhood that has a “zero tolerance” for petty crimes, creates a climate or order, safety, and lawfulness that prevents more serious crime from occurring. When the broken windows theory was introduced, it changed policing strategies and tactics. Unlike most other criminology theories that develop over long...
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...coaches, Wooden on Leadership details the techniques of John Wooden, former UCLA Bruins basketball coach whose leadership guided the Bruins to a remarkable 10 national titles in 12 years. The book begins with a discussion of Wooden’s “Pyramid of Success” – his 15 building blocks for leadership. Even Wooden’s definition of success is refreshing and unique: “Success is peace of mind which is a direct result of self-satisfaction in knowing you made the effort to become the best of which you are capable.” Unlike most leadership texts that are highly academic and contain a few “nuggets” that must be diligently mined, this book provides page after page of real-world examples of leadership through the eyes of a coach – or a “teacher,” as Wooden prefers to call himself. Each example is shared through basketball coaching experiences, but carefully applied back to everyday life and business. Wooden discusses the importance of budgeting every minute of practice time, setting his players’ sights on personal improvement rather than victories, and choosing hard-working team players rather than the most talented athletes. Taught to spurn emotion and never focus on the scoreboard, Wooden’s players concentrated on squeezing every ounce of ability out of themselves through conditioning, fundamentals, and team unity. Anyone who has seen a “March Madness” game recently can testify that most modern-day coaches could learn a lot from the values-driven leadership style of Wooden. Perhaps his...
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...Pro Basketball Prospectus 2009-10 Downloadable sample chapters Book Foreword, written by Daryl Morey (General Manager, Houston Rockets) Oklahoma City Thunder player comments Houston Rockets team essay For the last two seasons, Basketball Prospectus has been at the cutting edge of the NBA's statistical revolution, exploring how teams win and why as well as integrating plenty of old-fashioned tape and first-hand observation to analyze players and teams. Now, we're following in the footsteps of our predecessors at Baseball Prospectus and our college counterparts by providing that same level of insight in book form. Pro Basketball Prospectus 2009-10 features: Essays on all 30 teams Five-year team trend tables Info-packed tables on every player who saw NBA action in 2008-09 or who can be expected to be seen in the upcoming season, including their advanced stats for the last three seasons, their skill ratings and their contract status Commentary on every player Team and player contract information and salary-cap analysis The results of Kevin Pelton's dynamic SCHOENE projection system, both for players and teams Exclusive quotes from key basketball-operations personnel Insight from blog authors on their teams A special section for fantasy leaguers, including an essay from veteran fantasy NBA writer Brian Doolittle as well as our unique player-rating system which utilizes SCHOENE's projections An essay explaining the microfracture procedure...
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...deals largely with mobile and modern advertising. In the case it introduces Adidas’ first experiences with mobile marketing and how it was success. This was due largely to the increase in wireless technology becoming so abundant. The usage of this technology became apparently significant to people in their everyday life and Adidas took full advantage of that by advertising through cell phones (ring tones, applets, etc.) and even through some of the first massive Internet ads. Their ads were so successful they crashed the site. This lent immediate attention to the power of advertising through various and popular mediums. Adidas was one of the first organizations to utilize online advertisements to their potential. They saw trends and reacted upon them. If one looks at exhibit 1, media consumption is based highly on wireless media. Their utilization of online media boosted their awareness extensively, however it is mentioned that their profit margin was slim in some cases. An example of one of their successful campaigns came when they released an applet that allowed one to view live scores. Their projected sales were 30,000, however when they release the product halfway through the campaign they already more than doubled that number. A key fact to note is that Adidas significantly less money on mobile media advertising than in Asia-Pacific or in Europe by roughly $4,000,000,000. Another note is that Adidas, in Sweden advertised for 10 days on television for ringtones...
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...American backgrounds integrating into the game of basketball, I wonder how these international translations are in turn changing the game we see at home. In Latin America, where the climate and geographies are so much different than the one in the United States, we find growth in basketball. Though the NBA in Latin America is growing, it is still not a hit in Central and South America. Though whenever you go either it is Latin America, China, America, etc… there is always someone playing the game. Even in the likes of Mexico, they are mostly known for militant based political revolution than anything else, but basketball courts do exist. The courts might be used for other things like farming during the day, but you will always see some kid playing and working on his game. Just like what I do when I am in my hometown hooping outside of my house, no court just the concrete and the hoop I have next to my garage. The growth of basketball throughout Latin America region is unexpected, only because they compete for national attention in their number one sport soccer. Basketball has to compete in Central American countries like El Salvador, Guatemala, Nicaragua, Cuba, and Brazil. Volleyball is also a sport that is highly accepted, but mostly in Brazil and Argentina. However, the basketball being played in soccer dominating countries is often influenced by soccer, but depends on the development of the country. “I know in Argentina [basketball] is very popular. Of course, not even close to...
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...Operations Management Module MBA7061 October 2014 Module Resource Book Operations Management Module Aims: This module provides a comprehensive introduction to Operations Management as practised in organisations. It provides an overview of key aspects of operations management from both manufacturing and service sectors’ perspective within modern organisations. The module considers operations strategy in the broadest sense. The broad aims of the module are: * To develop and introduce and develop a critical understanding operations management for modern organisations in a variety of sectors of activity; * To consider operations strategy in its broadest sense and relate this to the internal management and organisation of the production of goods and services within organisations in different sectors of the economy; * To examine how to organise resources and operations, and how to improve them using a variety of quality tools and techniques and process improvement activities; * To consider the organisation in its wider context; examining how inputs on the supply side can be managed and improved, and on the demand side how customers, and customer satisfaction can be understood. Module Status: Core Module run in Semester 2 of the Masters in Business Management Programme and is credit rated at 20 M level credits. Teaching Staff: Mr. Hadi Matarhmatar@mubs.edu.lbTel: 01740050 | Learning Outcomes: After successfully completing the module...
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