...The nature of educational research is analogous with the nature of research itself, which is systematic, reliable and valid to find the “truth”, investigates knowledge, and solves problems (William Wiersma, 1991). Moreover, educational research process involves steps to collect the information in order to investigate problems and knowledge. However, the educational research is more complex because it can use various approaches and strategies to solve problems in educational setting. It also can involve many disciplines such as anthropology, sociology, behaviour, and history. In addition, educational research is important because of contributing knowledge development, practical improvement, and policy information (John W.Creswell, 2005). Therefore, educators can use those research findings to improve their competences and teaching and learning process. Furthermore, the characteristics of educational research are a part of its nature. According to Gary Anderson (1998), there are ten characteristics of educational research. I tried to classify those into three categories, which are the purpose of research, the procedures of research, and the role of researcher. The purposes of research are to solve the problems, investigate knowledge, and establish the principles in educational phenomena. In short, it focuses on solving the problems and developing knowledge. Furthermore, procedure is an important characteristic of educational research, which involves colleting data with accurate...
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...The nature of educational research is analogous with the nature of research itself, which is systematic, reliable and valid to find the “truth”, investigates knowledge, and solves problems (William Wiersma, 1991). Moreover, educational research process involves steps to collect the information in order to investigate problems and knowledge. However, the educational research is more complex because it can use various approaches and strategies to solve problems in educational setting. It also can involve many disciplines such as anthropology, sociology, behaviour, and history. In addition, educational research is important because of contributing knowledge development, practical improvement, and policy information (John W.Creswell, 2005). Therefore, educators can use those research findings to improve their competences and teaching and learning process. Furthermore, the characteristics of educational research are a part of its nature. According to Gary Anderson (1998), there are ten characteristics of educational research. I tried to classify those into three categories, which are the purpose of research, the procedures of research, and the role of researcher. The purposes of research are to solve the problems, investigate knowledge, and establish the principles in educational phenomena. In short, it focuses on solving the problems and developing knowledge. Furthermore, procedure is an important characteristic of educational research, which involves colleting data with accurate...
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...COM3706/103/2/2015 Tutorial letter 103/2/2015 COMMUNICATION RESEARCH COM3706 Semester 2 Department of Communication Science IMPORTANT INFORMATION: This tutorial letter contains important information about your module. CONTENTS PAGE 1 INTRODUCTION 3 2 FORMATIVE ASSESSMENT: ASSIGNMENT 01 3 2.1 Feedback on assignment 01 4 3 CONTACTING LECTURERS 11 4 CONCLUSION 11 SOURCES CONSULTED 2 12 COM3706/103 Dear Student 1 INTRODUCTION The purpose of this tutorial letter is to provide feedback on assignment 01. We are very concerned with the large number of students who started too late with the assignment, who underestimated the assignment, and who thought it is too easy to be true. “The lecturers are just trying to scare us”. Those of you, who did not do well in Assignment 01 need to please send us your e-mail with questions, ask for clarification and explanation, and also actively participate on myUnisa. We have also created a forum on myUnisa we ask what help you need in order to be successful with the portfolio. Although nobody can force anyone to utilise any of these additional options, we believe it is to your benefit. Please read all your tutorial letters, use the discussion class notes provided up-front and read the postings on myUnisa. 2 FORMATIVE ASSESSMENT: ASSIGNMENT 01 Academics commented on your submitted assignments individually in the documents returned to you. Use the feedback...
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...theorists' life story is related to their theory. 5. Explain the relationship between theory and observations. 6. List and explain the criteria of a useful theory. 7. Explain why falsifiability is a positive characteristic of a theory. 8. Discuss various components for a concept of humanity. 9. Define reliability and validity and explain why both concepts are important in personality research. Summary Outline I. Overview of Personality Theory From the investigations of Freud during the last decade of the 19th century until the present time, a number of personality theorists have (1) made controlled observations of human behavior and (2) speculated on the meaning of those observations. Differences in the theories of these men and women are due to more than differences in terminology. They stem from differences on basic issues concerning the nature of humanity. II. What Is Personality? The term personality comes from the Latin word persona, meaning the mask people wear or the role they play in life. However, most psychologists use the term to refer to much more than the face or facade people show to others. Personality can be defined as a pattern of relatively permanent traits and unique characteristics that give both consistency and individuality to human behavior III. What is a Theory? The term theory is often used quite loosely and incorrectly to imply something other than a useful scientific concept. Theories are used...
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...personality becomes difficult because of the many aspects that are included. The word theory tends to be confused with other words like hypothesis or philosophy, which many factors can affect a person’s personality. There are different theories that assist psychologists in determining how or why a person develops characteristics and traits. Without a clear understanding, personality will continue to be a focus for psychological research and theories. Personality Definition The term “personality” in the Latin reference means persona, which is like a mask an actor, wears in shows during the Greek or Roman performances (Feist & Feist, 2006). The actor superimposes his or her persona to establish an appearance in the characters plot. During modern day, personality has a separation from false appearances in regards to behavior that is observable. Personality tends to describe the characteristics or traits of people. There are consistencies of behaviors that traits take account for through time, which characteristics describe the attributes of a person. An example would be a person’s intelligence of physique. A pattern of traits, which are permanent, with characteristics that are unique provide consistency to the behavior of a person is known as personality (Feist & Feist, 2006). This can influence the stability of a person’s behavior and reliability of behavior in situations. Understanding a Theory The word theory is one of the most understood words in the English language...
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...Nature vs. Nurture: What are the reasons behind the development of human behavior? Laquinta Gantt Baker College English 102: Composition II Melissa Rigney May 4, 2012 Nature vs. Nurture Theory: What are the reasons behind the development of human behavior? Throughout history, research has attempted to determine if an individual’s personality, behaviors and intelligence are shaped by genetics or the environment, which formed the nature versus nurture theory. The nature versus nurture debate is about the relative importance of an individual's innate qualities (“nature”) versus personal experiences ("nurture") in determining individual differences in physical and behavioral traits. There have been many theories formulated to explain why humans behave the way they do. Explanations vary from demonology to magnetic fluids controlling people's behaviors. Toby Epstein Jayaratne’s article entitled “The Perennial Debate: Nature, Nurture, or Choice? Black and white Americans’ explanation for individual differences” attempts to persuade readers that choice is just as an influential factor as genetics or the environment by examining a group of black and white Americans to determine which of the three factors are most responsible for their differences. The author argues that in order to account for a person’s behavior, their explanation or beliefs about what causes them is very influential in determining the behaviors they exude. To provide evidence for his topic...
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...Pasbul, San Juan, Lubao, Pampanga Tel #: 971 5080/971 7040 Core Learning Area Standards: The learners utilize gained scientific skills and attitudes in understanding the nature of waves as carriers of energy. They become acquainted with the different types of waves, know the different characteristics and properties of each disturbance, and through the process, develop appreciation on the importance of wave to man’s life and his environment.Year Level Standards: Understand the nature of wave as energy carriers, differences between electromagnetic waves and mechanical waves, and their characteristics and properties | Waves | Number of Days – 20 days | Content Standards * Demonstrate understanding on: * the nature of waves as energy carriers and the wave properties of reflection, refraction, diffraction, and interference * differences between electromagnetic waves and mechanical waves and give examples of each * characteristics of waves, amplitude, crest, frequency, period, trough, and wavelength * different properties of waves | Performance StandardsConduct research works, carry out mathematical equations, and produce outputs that will reflect the existence of waves including their importance and impact to man and his environment | Lesson Number/Title | Key Understanding and Key Questions | Knowledge | Skills | Teaching Strategies | Assessment Strategies | Resources | 1. Vibrational MotionNumber of Days: 5 daysLesson Focus: * - Simple Harmonic Motion *...
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...University of Phoenix Material Understanding Business Research Terms and Concepts: Part 2 Which type of research design— exploratory, descriptive, or causal—is appropriate for the following examples? Explain why. • The goal of this research is to discover the real nature of the problem and to suggest new possible solutions or new ideas. Exploratory – The specific question has not been defined, the individual doing the research is still defining the question and possible answers. • A food manufacturer wants to know the demographics of people who purchase organic foods. Descriptive – One of the primary focuses of descriptive research is to estimate portions of the population that have certain characteristics. I believe that purchasing organic foods is a characteristic of some people. • A firm is considering hiring American celebrity Paris Hilton to endorse its products. Causal – The idea behind this is that a celebrity endorsement will “cause” an increase in sales. • British Airways would like to test in-flight Internet services on one of its regular flights from New York to Tokyo. The company charges $30 one week and $15 the next week. Causal – The airline is trying to see if a $15 increase or decrease in cost of service is cause for people not to purchase. If 29 people on flight A purchase service at $15, and only 3 on flight B purchase service at $30, it may show that an increase in cost is a “cause” to not purchase...
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...Nature versus Nurture Cindy Dean ECE 205: Introduction to Child Development Instructor: Alan Reitman August 3, 2014 Nature versus Nurture The topic Nature versus Nurture has always been a difficult topic in the scientific world. These problems of levels to which environment and inheritance influence behavior and development in a person. Nature is an example of behaviors due to inheritance. These methods of behaviors are founded on the genetic make-up of an individual as well as influence of the growth and development of that individuals’ all through their life. Another example of nurture is the causes by behaviors that are environmental. This includes the guidance from the individual’s parents, family, siblings, friends and all additional knowledge that individual revealed during their life. Nevertheless, these hypotheses of beliefs provide the inherited genetic framework, received from our parents it is the unique factor in our behavioral characteristics. Nature and nurture are two opposing viewpoints that created a whole army of ideas, guesses, and opinions in psychology. The difference between nature and nurture are not enough to put one corresponding to the other. Behaviorist surroundings is the positions that skills and genetic characteristics are passed on from one generation to the next is called nature. For example, if a person’s father and their maternal grandfather are both good at sports, then more than likely they will inherit the gene. Genetically...
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...Similarities in Generalized Characteristic Traits among Genders: The Sociopath and Psychopath by Evelyn J. Dotson MS, University of Phoenix, 2015 Thesis Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Science Psychology University of Phoenix March, 2015 Abstract Psychopathic and sociopathic general characteristic traits are found in both genders in various populations. More research on the general characteristic traits of females is needed. Research for the female populations will give professionals information about the differences displayed between genders. Different applied sciences will also further their knowledge in treatment options for either tendency. The study used explored if any differences existed between genders with intensified levels of psychopathic traits in regard to psychopathy factor scores. The sample consisted of 2,500 people of both genders (52.6% women) (M=22.15; SD=1.38) from the generalized population, aged 20-24. Results displayed women with psychopathic personality traits had significantly higher levels of behavioral tendencies than men of the same. The genders did display a difference in aggressive behavior. The men showed a significant amount of aggressive behaviors compared to the women. The gender differences displayed in the seven psychopathic features show the variations needed for treatment options. Differences and Similarities in Generalized Characteristic Traits among Genders: The Sociopath...
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...Dec 1st 2014 Nature vs Nurture The nature vs nurture debate has been a raging topic for decades now. It has caused much controversy in justifying human characteristics, especially concerning the defense of criminal behavior. Many people believe that our actions and conduct comes from the genes we possess, and that we are born with a higher likelihood to act in certain ways. Others believe that our behavior is a result of our childhood, and how we are brought up. Extensive research has been done on the nature vs nurture debate. Although both nature and nurture ultimately affect one’s behavioral characteristics, it seems nurture has a much greater impact. So, is our behavior affected by our heredity and genes, or by the environment we grow up in? What is nature? “Nature is your genes. The physical and personality traits determined by your genes stay the same irrespective of where you were born and raised” ("Nature vs Nurture." Diffen.com. Diffen LLC, n.d. Web. 3 Dec 2014). Taking in the consideration of I.Q., studies prove that genetics has a great effect. Adopted siblings have no more similar of an I.Q. than strangers, while blood related siblings have an I.Q. correlation of .6. Twins especially, having an I.Q. correlation of .86 (Nancy,L. Same-Age Unrelated Siblings: A Unique Test of Within-Family Environmental Influences on IQ Similarity. Journal of Educational Psychology. 1997 June; 89(2): 381-390.) DeNoto, 1 Nature vs Nurture The nature vs nurture...
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...volume of qualitative research and articles about qualitative methods has been published recently in medical journals. However, compared with the extensive debate in social sciences literature, there has been little consideration in medical journals of the ethical issues surrounding qualitative research. A possible explanation for this lack of discussion is that it is assumed commonly that qualitative research is unlikely to cause significant harm to participants. There are no agreed guidelines for judging the ethics of qualitative research proposals and there is some evidence that medical research ethics committees have difficulty making these judgements. The lack of emphasis on ethical aspects of qualitative health services research may relate to a belief that it is unlikely to harm participants.16Risk to participants has been recognized by social scientists, who point out that taking part in research can lead to anxiety in and exploitation of participants, and that publication of...
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...people possess the same personality traits. Personality, stated by Feist & Feist (2009), has no single definition but is a pattern of permanent traits and unique characteristics offering individuality, and consistency to an individual’s behavior. This research paper explores personality theory, and addresses the definition of personality, examines theoretical approaches, and analyzes factors that may influence an individual’s personality development. Definition of Personality Feist & Feist (2009), explain that personality stems from the Latin word persona, which references a theatrical mask Roman actors in Greek dramas wore. These masks or personas were wore as a projection of a role or replicate a different character. The definition of personality today is quite different than that of Roman and Greek times and is mostly based on observable behavior described by characteristics, and traits. Traits equate from an individual’s behavioral consistencies, and characteristics demonstrate one’s unique attributes such as physical aspects, intellect, temperament, and wit. Traits also offer exclusive characteristics, which provide a person individuality, and stability to his or her behavior. According to Feist & Feist (2009, p. 4), personality is best defined as “a pattern of relatively permanent traits and unique characteristics that give both consistency and individuality to a person’s behavior.” Although this may be a modern day definition, several theorists offer a definition slightly...
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...probability that our estimations are correct. b. The idea that a simple model that explains a certain phenomenon has preference over a complex model. c. The fact that findings are generalizable. *d. The fact that an investigation has a clear theoretical foundation. 2. Confidence as a characteristic of scientific investigation refers to: *a. The probability that our estimations are correct. b. The idea that a simple model that explains a certain phenomenon has preference over a complex model. c. The fact that findings are generalizable. d. The fact that an investigation has a clear theoretical foundation. 3. A researcher who observed separate phenomena and on this basis attempts to arrive at general conclusions, works inductively. *a. T b. F 4. Logically speaking inductive research comes first (before deductive research) *a. T b. F 5. A manager observes that higher prices lead to more sales. The results of a focus group point out that consumers use price as an indicator for quality. This is an example of deductive research. a. T *b. F 6. Scientific investigation is characterized by a good theoretical base and a sound methodological design. These characteristics are both related to the of the investigation. What must be filled on the line? *a. Rigor. b. Precision and confidence. c. Objectivity. d. Parsimony. 7. An inductive investigation starts with an observation of empirical data. *a. T b. F 8. A deductive...
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...“Entrepreneurs are born not made.” Critically analyse this statement with reference to the literature and to your experience of entrepreneurship. This essay aims to evaluate the various traits identified with entrepreneurs, and then establish whether entrepreneurs are born with these traits, or whether, they are shaped and developed through their life experiences. Put simply the purpose of this essay is to establish whether entrepreneurs are ‘born or made’. This essay focuses on two distinct schools of researchers in the field of entrepreneurship: The more traditional group of researchers has focused on the personality characteristics of the individual, the internal factors, whilst a second group of researchers have taken a social cognitive approach. They look at the relationship between an individual and his or her environment. The external factors include culture, role models, work experience, education, and environment. This essay looks at the early definitions of an entrepreneur, evaluates the literature which supports the theory that entrepreneurs are ‘born’, and also evaluates the proposal that there is a relationship between the individual entrepreneur and their social environment, that is, entrepreneurs are ‘made’. Cantillon (1756) defined the entrepreneur as engaging in business without an assurance of profits; thus the bearing of risk being the distinguishing feature of an entrepreneur. Jean Baptiste Say expanded on this by making the entrepreneur the pivot of the...
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