...Management Roles Management Roles seem different from the outside, depending on the type of company. The following is a brief excerpt to show that no matter the size of a company they are very similar. The following paper contrasts a company with 50 employees and one with 500 plus. The comparison seems weak at first thought, yet, reveals that no matter the size of the company, many of the same aspects are the same when it comes to the business world and the management Roles. The following paragraphs contain a brief description of each company and their hierarchical organization for the managers. The pros and cons of each hierarchical and why they work or not, and the IT functions of each. Size is one component managers roles are derived from, not a defining component. Target is a widely known company, millions of people shop at one of the local location every day, acquiring 16 million in sales for the first quarter (Steinhafel G. Target.com). Most people think of Target as a store and nothing more. Yet, Target is much more than just a store. The product is a store to satisfy customers, target also includes distribution centers, corporate offices, and many small areas that must be controlled. Target’s mission is to be the preferred shopping discount store and through their promise of expect more payless, through value satisfaction, quality, and innovation. Five percent ($3 million this year) (Target .com) of Targets profits go to community outreach programs. Through grants...
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...leaders, punishment, Propaganda, and security operations. The activities of the secret police and suppression of dissidents were decreased while industrial espionage increased. USA 1954 U.S.A. initiates S.E.A.T.O. ( Southeast Asia Treaty Organization). This was an international organization for collective defense in Southeast Asia. It was signed in the Philippines in September 1954. The members involved in it were Australia, New Zealand, Philippines, Thailand, France, UK, Pakistan, and the U.S. The primary objective was to block further communist from spreading into Southeast Asia. USSR 1955 In 1955 the Soviet Union created the Warsaw Pact. This was like N.A.T.O. but for the Soviet Union. This was a treaty between eight communist states of central and eastern Europe. These were the allied powers part of Russia’s Warsaw pact allegiance. Hungary, Poland, Germany, Romania, Czechoslovak, Albania, and Bulgaria. It was the same concept as N.A.T.O it was to be used to help there allies in battle or for there allies to help them. USA 1956 The U.S. enters its third war in the Cold War. Known as the “Suez War” it involved the United Nations. The countries involved in this conflict were the USSR, Egypt, and the Palestinian Fedayeen, and lasted for two months within Egypt and Asia. Two years ago the Egyptian military began pressuring Britain to end their military presence. Around this time the United States decided not provide money to build the Aswan Dam on the Nile River...
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...The Hungarian Uprising of 1956 and the Prague Spring of 1968 were key events that shaped the outcome of the Cold War. Both countries were under the Soviet control during the post-war period. After the death of Stalin, when Khrushchev became the leader and the secret speech of destalinization have seen the daily light both countries introduced their own paths to socialism, first Hungary and 12 years later the Czechoslovakia. Both of the events had similar and different causes and consequences, which will be analysed in this essay. Hungary as well as Czechoslovakia wanted to reform their system. Both countries wanted the reforms to find ‘National roads to socialism’, or as they called it in Czechoslovakia, ‘the socialisms with a human face’. Both countries before the reforms were led by hard line Stalinists, which were one of the clear causes that led to the destalinization and the reforms. In Hungary the leader before the introduction of the reforms was Matyas Rakosi, or as the Hungarian sometimes called him, ‘the Bald Butcher’. He was incredibly unpopular within Hungary; he has murdered many people, hard to estimate the number, and imprisoned over 200,000. He was closely linked with the Hungarian secret Police the AVH, which were even more unpopular and hated than Rakosi himself. As well as in Hungary, Czechoslovakia had their hard line communist dictator. His name was Antonin Novotny, and as well as Rakosi he was very royal to Stalin and Moscow. He wasn’t as hard-line as Rakosi...
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...Quinton Riches DATE: 6/18/2013 SUBJECT: Trade Promotion Authority Research _____________________________________________________________________ Legislation, prior to being voted on, is debated and amended. This creates difficulties in trade negotiations with foreign countries as Congress makes additions and subtractions. The Trade Promotion Authority gives the President the ability to directly propose trade agreements which cannot be amended and must be voted up or down. The President’s ability to fast track such trade agreements expired July 1, 2007 (Bipartisan Trade Promotion Authority Act of 2002, BTPAA). From 2002-2007 under the BTPAA, trade agreements with Chile, Singapore, Australia, and Peru were entered into. Since Columbia, Panama, and South Korea applied for similar trade agreements before the 2007 expiration, these were approved of as well in 2011/2012. The expedited legislative procedures have not changed since first codified in the Trade Act of 1974. Congress, however, has required that the authority to use TPA be periodically reauthorized. President Obama has said that he would request TPA but has not made an official request nor given a timeline to reauthorize this power. However, in order to increase the Administration’s ability to negotiate trade deals, Chairman Baucus of the Finance Committee has recently stated his desire to introduce TPA into a bill by June. TPA's primary role is to establish the basic standards that each FTA should uphold...
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...As mentioned in class, a Nazi-Soviet Pact, also known as the nonaggression pact, was signed between the Nazis and Soviets. In the act, it mentions how Poland would be divided in two separate sections between the two parties if a war were to break out. Russia would have eastern Poland and Baltic states while the Nazi’s would have western Poland. After the pact was created Germany invaded Poland which caused World War II to occur. Thus, Britain and France declared war on Germany a few days later. While the Nazi’s were invading Poland it brought up the question on what should be done to the three million Jews who resided there. So, the Einsatzgruppen was created, which was a paramilitary division whose task it was to execute Jews, Communists,...
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...Chapter 8 ECONOMIC INTEGRATION QUESTION 7: After a promising start, MERCOSUR, the major Latin American trade agreement, has faltered and made little progress since 2000. What problems are hurting MERCOSUR? What can be done to solve these problems? There are several reasons why Mercosur can be considered an unsuccesful trade agreement: 1. Member countries are not yet politically mature to commit to long term agreements that can be respected by the the future rulers of each country. Instead, it’s usually seen that political candidates adjust their plans to gain new voters according to the circumstances of the moment, not keeping focused on the long term. Being realistic, there is not much that can be done to change this situation. There is a little hope that country members can some time in the future take example of their neighbouring Chile, where the political parties after the dictatorial times of Pinochet (his government included), committed to pull the country out of undervelopment and have remained firm to that ideology regardless of the political beliefs of each party in power. Keep in mind that Chile is not a full member of Mercosur, just an associate one. 2. Economic difficulties some members have experienced in different moments since Mercosur was created, which has led to embrace local reforms that not always are consistent with the trade agreement; for example, by changing the “common” external tariff to protect a national industry, as has done Kirchner government...
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...Who participated? To what did they aspire? The Kellogg-Briand pact was a pact signed in August of 1928, the participants were France and the United States. France (Aristide Briand, foreign minister of France) proposed to the U.S. government a treaty outlawing war between the two countries. Frank B. Kellogg (U.S. Secretary of State) returned a proposal for a general pact against war. Later on (after prolonged negotiations), the Pact of Paris was signed by fifteen nations (Australia, Belgium, Canada, Czechoslovakia, France, Germany, Great Britain, India, the Irish Free State, Italy, Japan, New Zealand, Poland, South Africa, and the United States). The parties agreed that settlement of all conflicts and be sought only by pacific (peaceful)...
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...One of the numerous containment tactics utilized by the United States in the 1950s was the Baghdad Pact. A means of stimulating economic and technological growth, the Baghdad Pact offered the members, Turkey, Iraq, Iran, Pakistan, and the United Kingdom (UK) access to mutually beneficial programs and inter-cooperation. Following the end of World War II, a bipolar system developed pitting the United States (US) and the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) against each other in a nuclear arms race and ideological winner-take all war. As such the US was motivated to encourage non-Communist states to continue operating outside of the sphere of influence of the USSR. While the European continent had the Marshall Plan to stimulate economic...
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...THE IDEA OF ETHICS AND THE EUROZONE CRISIS Prepared for: Ms. Homayara L. Ahmed Assistant Professor Prepared by: Bijon Islam (Roll: 21) Faruk Ahmed (Roll: 20) EMBA 14th Batch IBA, Dhaka January 04, 2012 January 04, 2012 Ms. Homayara L. Ahmed Assistant Professor Institute of Business Administration University of Dhaka Sub: Term Paper Submission- The Idea of Ethics and the Eurozone Crisis Dear Madam: Thank you for giving us the opportunity for working on such an exciting topic. Looking at the Eurozone crisis from an ethical perspective reveals several insightful and interesting insights including a look into the idea of equality among the member states, financial camouflage practices and the focus on immediate gains both in private sector and at national level. We have tried to map out such factors that have contributed to ethics mismanagement among the euro member states which have finally culminated into the crisis. We hope that you enjoy reading this paper as much as we did writing this and look forward to your views. Please feel free to contact us anytime if you feel the need for any additional support that we may provide. Kind Regards Bijon Islam – Roll 21 (EMBA 14) Faruk Ahmed – Roll 20 (EMBA 14) pg. 1 CONTENTS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ...................................................................................................................................................3 1. A. B. C. D. E. 2. A. B. 3. A. B. C. D. E. F. 4. 5. 6. THE STORY...
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...In the book “The Pact” three young men grew up on the rough streets of Newark, New Jersey, Streets of crime, violence, and most of all hopelessness. For these three young men, the beginning of the rest of their lives starts when they make a pact to all go to medical school and become doctors. Considering the background that these men are from, this seems impossible. Breaking into the medical field also seemed impossible for Elizabeth Blackwell, who is now recognized as being the first female doctor. Just like the three men from Newark, Blackwell achieved her goal of becoming a doctor in spite of all the discrimination, with dedication and support from friends and family. After being accepted to the Geneva medical program, Dr. Blackwell found that it was not her fellow male students that discriminated against her, but the women who lived in the small town. She states that “she knew eventually that the other women in the town found her odd, so she kept to herself using the school like a refuge from the negativity” (Schlesinger). There were so...
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...Can Canada be punished for Violating Global Warming Pacts? Canada in fact can and will be punished for Violating Global warming effects, if not by legal terms internationally, there will be consequences for their actions. Background Canada has violated the Global warming Pact called the “Kyoto Protocol”. “The view that human activities are likely responsible for most of the observed increase in global mean temperature ("global warming") since the mid-20th century is an accurate reflection of current scientific thinking. Human-induced warming of the climate is expected to continue throughout the 21st century and beyond.” The Kyoto Protocol to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) is an international treaty that places necessary responsibility on industrialized countries to reduce emissions of greenhouse gases. The UNFCCC is an environmental treaty with the goal of preventing "dangerous" anthropogenic (i.e., human-induced) interference of the climate system. According to the UNFCC website, the Protocol "recognises that developed countries are principally responsible for the current high levels of GHG emissions in the atmosphere as a result of more than 150 years of industrial activity, and places a heavier burden on developed nations under the principle of 'common but differentiated responsibilities'." There are 192 parties to the convention, including 191 states (all the UN members, except Andorra, Canada, South Sudan and the United States) and...
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...Introduction Nowadays the world is in a constant change and as a result the business environment has become significantly more complex and rewarding on the one hand but more demanding and risky on the other . Consequently, in their attempt to gain competitive adva ntage, firms frequently expand their operations to new foreign markets and their choice o f how to enter those markets is influenced by a wide variety of factors. This paper will only focus on developin g a conceptual model of the influence of national culture on the entry mode decisions by combining two international business themes : the multi - national business perspective with the ho me and ho st country influences. The paper will be structured as follows: firstly, a short review of the theories used, more precisely of the hierarchical model of market entry modes and of Geert Hofstede’s model of five cultural dimensions of national culture , will b e provided . Secondly, a conceptual model will be developed, proposing that national culture influences choices between equity and non - equity, as well as within the equity category, but not within the non - equity category. Finally, several conclusions will b e drawn . A multi - national business perspective - The hierarchical model of m arket entry modes – When deciding to enter a new market, firms are confronted with a wide variety of different entry modes to choose from, taking into account their desired level...
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...College Tuition Program (PACT). Instead of maintaining a “college fund” savings account at the bank or investing in stocks or bonds, many parents and grandparents “were sold on PACT and its assurance that they were paying tomorrow’s tuition costs with today’s dollars” (White, 3). So, they “decided to play it safe with guaranteed tuition for their children and grandchildren when they reached college age with a plan that was backed by the State of Alabama” (White, 3). Now, those parents and grandparents who had the foresight to plan ahead and secure the future education of their children and grandchildren by sacrificing to purchase PACT Plans are being told that education is in jeopardy and is no longer guaranteed (White, 1). The Prepaid Affordable College Tuition Program was originally started in 1990 when then State Treasurer George Wallace, Jr. and Lt. Governor Jim Folsom, Jr. sold the Legislature on the idea. (Rawls, 1). The two-decade old PACT program allowed families to prepay tuition by buying contracts when their children were young. (Rawls, 3). The state invested much of the money that parents paid into the program in stocks to generate enough money to cover the cost of four-year tuition at a state university by the time the child finished high school (Rawls, 3). This plan seemed to work well initially. Some 48,000 families invested in the program and in September of 2007 PACT funds stood at $899 million (White, 1). But, by September of 2008, PACT funds had dropped to...
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...rising all the major powers were fishing for potential allies, Hitler was cautious in his actions and hinted to Stalin that the two of them could divide Poland which caught Stalin's attention (1. German-Soviet). Before the start of World War II in September of 1939 Hitler sent a foreign minister, Joachim von Ribbentrop, to Moscow on the 22nd of August (1. German-Soviet). In the Kremlin Ribbentrop spoke with Stalin and his foreign minister Vyacheslav Molotov, where they discussed the proposal of a non-aggression pact. Hitler at first stated the pact would last 100 years though Stalin thought ten would suffice, the agreement also stated that "neither country would aid any third party that attacked either signatory" (1. German-Soviet). It was reported sometime later that Hitler did bribe Stalin with a secret protocol that would allow the Soviet Union to have the eastern half of Poland (Dmitrieva). This non-aggression pact became known as the Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact, which created a two year peace between Germany and the Soviet Union and neutralized the French-Soviet treaty. Now the questions remain, why only two years...
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...on Germany. December 1, 1925: The Locarno Pacts are Signed The Locarno Pacts are signed in efforts to stabilize relations with Germany and its neighbors. The pact is supposed to bring peace and prosperity between the countries. April 14, 1931: The Spanish Monarchy is Overthrown A provisional government is established to take Spain from monarchy to republicanism. September 18, 1931:The Japanese Invasion of Manchuria Japan stationed troops in Manchuria and build railroads. After an incident with the Chinese, Japan invaded and annexed Manchuria. February - July 1932: The final League of Nations Disarmament Conference The last major League of Nations-sponsored disarmament conference meets from February to July 1932 at Geneva, with 60 nations in attendance, including the United States. This conference fails to secure any agreement, and other discussions are unaccomplished. January 30, 1933: Hitler is Appointed Chancellor of Germany In an attempt to control the chaos of the German government, President Paul von Hindenburg declares Hitler chancellor. This is the begging of Hitler’s dictatorship. July 17, 1936: The Spanish Nationalists Begin the Spanish Civil War Generals Goded, Mola, and Francisco Franco lead troops against the republic, starting the Spanish Civil War. September 18, 1938: The Munich Pact is Signed Britain and France meet Hitler’s demands by signing the Munich Pact. This pack granted Hitler control of the Czech...
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