...LIBERTY UNIVERSITY BAPTIST THEOLOGICAL SEMINARY The Pentecostal and Charismatic Movements and Speaking in Tongues Submitted to Dr. Timothy McAlhaney in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the completion of the course CHHI 525-D08 Spring 2015 LUO History of Christianity II By Fred Martin May 13, 2015 Contents I. Introduction…………………………………………………….................................1 II. The History and Theologies of Pentecostals and Charismatics…….……….………2 a. Brief History of the Pentecostal and Charismatic Movements……..……….2-3 b. The Beliefs of the Pentecostals and Charismatics…………………..............3-5 III. The Bible and the Baptism in the Holy Spirit……………………..……….…….....5 IV. The Bible and Gifts of the Holy Spirit…………………………………….………..6 V. Scholarly Perspectives on Speaking in Tongues ………………………….………..7 a. Speaking in Tongues: A Reversal of the Babel Event at Pentecost….……..7-8 b. Psychiatric Views of Speaking in Tongues……………………….…......….8-9 c. Speaking in Tongues as Spiritual Warfare…………………………….…....9 VI. Conclusion…………………………………………………………………….…....10 Bibliography…………………………………………………………………......…11 I. Introduction Author Paul Enns presents his perspectives on the supernatural gift of speaking in tongues and the Holy Spirit in his book The Moody Handbook of Theology, Revised and Expanded. However, Enns believes that gift ceased at the end of the Apostolic Age. This view is flawed because it does not take...
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...In this article called “The Black Pentecostal Movement, Sex, and Sexuality: A Personal Experience” by Deartra D. Madkins-Boone which was published in 2014. Deartra Boone is a college English professor and teaches Freshmen Composition and technical writing. The main point of Boone’s article, “The Black Pentecostal Movement, Sex, and Sexuality: A Personal Experience” is about growing up with negative views on sex and sexuality because of the Pentecostal movement. The author’s childhood she grows up with her family having children out of wedlock. Yet all of her is religious and believes in the Pentecostal movement. She grew up only knowing the negative side of sex and sexuality because that all her family told her about. She could never ask about...
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...California. Since then there has been a continuing growth of the movement within many of the mainline churches: first, such Protestant churches as Episcopal, Lutheran, and Presbyterian; second, the Roman Catholic (beginning in 1967); and third, the Greek Orthodox (beginning about 1971).2 by now the charismatic movement has become worldwide and has participants in many countries As one involved in the movement since 1965, I should like to set forth a brief profile of it.3 A profile of the charismatic movement within the historic churches would include at least the following elements: (1) the recovery of a liveliness and freshness in Christian faith; (2) a striking renewal of the community of believers as a fellowship of the Holy Spirit; (3) the manifestation of a wide range of "spiritual gifts," with parallels drawn from 1 Corinthians 12-14; (4) the experience of "baptism in the Holy Spirit," often accompanied by "tongues," as a radical spiritual renewal; (5) the reemergence of a spiritual unity that essentially transcends denominational barriers; (6) the rediscovery of a dynamic for bearing comprehensive witness to the Good News of Jesus Christ; and (7) the revitalization of the eschatological perspective. In one sense, Charismatics have finally achieved a certain level of respectability within the Evangelical movement. Today, we have academic societies and publications [ii] dedicated to the study of Charismatic and Pentecostal issues in which even non-Charismatics participate. Our...
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...Agnes Ozman claimed to become baptized with the Holy Spirit of God, and she started to speak in an unknown “tongue”. After this event occurred, multiple events like these occurred in other places. This practice of Pentecostalism was an addition to the Holiness Movement. In 1906, in Los Angeles, California, there was more documentation of “tongues” being spoken. Having the experience of speaking in other languages is called glossolalia. At the Azusa Street Mission, blacks and whites gathered together for worship, which spread the early Pentecostal Movement. During this time the Pentecostal disregarded racial barriers. There were many Pentecostal churches that were interracial, regardless of any laws throughout the 1920s. Eventually Pentecostalism was influenced to segregate and divided into white branches and black branches. After the Civil Rights Movement the Pentecostals re-emerged and joined again for worship. The three year Azusa revival participants returned to their homes and spread the information and word about Pentecostalism. This was the main reason why Pentecostalism spread across the United States. After the beliefs were spread in participant’s home towns, some whole churches began to convert to the Pentecostal faith. Pentecostalism is a semi-popular denomination of Christianity. In the early 20th century, most people who practiced Pentecostalism were very expectant of the Second Coming of Jesus Christ. Charles Parham was a teacher in 1900, who preached that the speaking...
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...Contemporary Issues in Western Religions This paper will describe the historical connections and theological similarities with Pentecostal versus Roman Catholicism including what ways the two religions are the same, how the two religions differ from its ‘parent’ faith, describe the leadership structure, discuss its identity (practices, clothing, dietary, etc.), how the members view themselves, how outsiders view the group, and identify any contemporary struggles within the Pentecostal religion. The historical connections and theological similarities of Pentecostal and Roman Catholicism have ancient roots. Although the Pentecostal movement emphasizes the fullest extent of emotional Christian worship, Roman Catholicism emphasizes traditional teachings and practices (Molloy, 2010). Other similarities include the belief in the Holy Trinity, the authority of the Holy Bible, the Importance of good works, the value of tradition, guided interpretation of the Bible, Hierarchical authority, and sacraments (Molloy, 2010). Other examples of the similarities between Roman Catholicism and Pentecostal are that Jesus is the only begotten son of God and died for the sins of the entire world; the Trinity consists of God the Father, God the Son, and God the Holy Spirit; by faith in Jesus Christ, believers are given eternal life. The Pentecostal movement believes “five cardinal doctrines: justification by faith, entire sanctification, the baptism in the Holy Spirit evidenced by speaking...
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...our World 5 October 2013 Pentecostalism Pentecostalism is a Christian denomination or movement that places special emphasis on achieving a direct or personal experience with God through the baptism of the Holy Spirit. I was born and raised as a Pentecostal myself so I will not only be talking about the history, beliefs, and background of the Pentecostal movement, but also about personal experiences gained through my faith in God. There are four fundamental beliefs of Pentecostalism: Jesus saves according to John 3:16; baptizes with the Holy Spirit according to Acts 2:4; heals bodily according to James 5:15; and is coming again to receive those who are saved according to 1 Thessalonians 4:16–17. Those four fundamental beliefs will be talked thoroughly about further on. It is said that Pentecostalism is believed to have been emerged from late 19th century radical evangelical revival movements in America and Great Britain. There was no one founder of the Pentecostal Movement; instead, isolated Christian groups were experiencing phenomenal experiences such as divine healing and speaking in tongues. These are what according to the Bible are called gifts of the spirit. The spiritual gifts are found in the Bible in Romans, 1 Corinthians, and Ephesians. Pentecostals believe that Bermudez 2 spiritual gifts continue to operate within the church today. Pentecostals do not whatsoever create their own beliefs, or rituals, or believe in any other scriptures but...
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...Haley Hart September 29, 2013 Discuss Pentecostalism as a religious movement from the late 19th century to the present. Pentecostalism’s “spiritual baptism” was founded out of the holiness and healing movements of the late nineteenth century, but the beginning of the Pentecostal movement began at Azusa Street Church in Los Angeles, California in 1906. The speaking of tongues that the Azusa church members practiced was interpreted as a sign that the Holy Spirit not only existed in their community but also “baptized” the spirits of the people who were speaking in tongues. The Pentecostals wanted a return to “primitive” Christian religion, in which they sought no historical church baggage or differences that would drive people apart. They also attributed the success of the primitive church back to Pentecost-an event where the Holy Spirit descended upon the people with “gifts” (healing, prophecy, miracles, and glossolalia or speaking in tongues). As time passed and things changed, Pentecostalism also transformed. This was largely due to the fact that the movement addressed religion in an open, positive, and cheerful manner. Their meetings had always been diverse and attracted whites, blacks, Mexicans, Native Americans, Asians, and Eastern Europeans. They embraced popular culture and utilized it to minister to large audiences. During the second half of the twentieth century, many Pentecostals created a parallel to the mostly-secularized pop culture. They used pamphlets, diet...
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...ways in which Scripture is manipulated to meet ones individual needs. Biblical exegesis will be utilized to provide clarification between Scripture and its alterations. The Procedure for the Study Introduction Charismatic Theology takes an in-depth look at the supernatural experiences explained in the Bible. These experiences are considered gifts that Christians receive from God. Not everyone agrees on the meanings of these references. Controversy comes into play when scripture is manipulated to meet the needs of the person reading it. A better understanding for Charismatic Theology can be gained by reviewing its history, exploring the declarations and examining the different viewpoints. Defining Charismatic Theology Charismatic Movement was...
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...How growth of modern day Pentecostal Task 1 (Summery) It is the account of Pentecost in Acts 2:4, where Luke describes how, on the day of Pentecost, those gathered in the upper room “were filled with the Holy Spirit and began to speak in other tongues”, from which the movement derives its name. The growth of modern day Pentecostal movement at bethel Bible school and a small assembly gathered together in Azusa Street in downtown Los Angeles in 1906 to a worldwide movement. The movement’s growth in recent decades has been located especially in sub-Saharan Africa, south-east Asia and Latin America. This growth has attracted interest from a range of different scholars. According to the writer there are many reasons for the growth of Pentecostal movement among these :- it fulfilled the human need it can be economic problems, anxiety about death, psychological or the need for security in an unstable world through random and strategic designed social ministries, It also provide order, stability and hope to their lives. Moreover Pentecostalism emphasized an immediate personal experience of God’s power by his Spirit; it is more intuitive and emotions. Worship also another factor that touches the emotions and felling, healing also takes place. This persuades peoples that as Christianity is true. Pentecostalism tackle old margin between science and religion by giving reasonable explanation to the world view. Finally the new theoretical idea helps the growth which...
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...Oneness? Why are Apostolics called "Oneness" Pentecostals? Is "Oneness" a biblical concept? If the Apostolic movement defines itself as a restorationist movement patterned after the faith, life, and ministry of the Apostles in the book of Acts, why is "Oneness" widely accepted as the defining characteristic of the movement? Is there a biblical precedent? Paul assumes that his readers in ICor. 8:4ff know that "There is no God but one." For Paul, the God who justifies is "one God" (Rm. 3:30). The early Christian confessions of faith recorded by Paul emphatically state that "There is one God" and "One Lord...and Father of all" (ITm. 2:5; Eph. 4:6). According to Jesus the Jewish confession of faith in one God is the first commandment. "Hear, O Israel: The Lord our God, the Lord is one" (Mk. 12:29). The God proclaimed by the apostles, the God revealed in Jesus Christ, is the one and only God. The apostles inherited the "shema Israel", the Jewish confession of faith in God as one quoted by Jesus from the Old Testament (Dt. 6:4ff). Because of the faithfulness of the God of Israel in delivering and providing for His people, "all the people of the earth" were said to know "that the Lord is God, and that there is none else" (IKg. 9:60). The uniqueness of the God of Israel and the nothingness of other gods was proclaimed by Isaiah. "I am the Lord: that is my name: and my glory will I not give to another, neither my praise to graven images" (Is. 42:8). For Israel and...
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...Chapter 12: The African Diaspora in the Caribbean and Europe from Pre-emancipation to the Present Day by Roswith Gerloff Caribbean history of Christianity can be divided, with overlaps, into four main periods: the rather monolithic form of Spanish Catholicism from 1492, and of the Church of England from 1620; the arrival of the Evangelicals or nonconformist missionaries, Moravians, Methodists, Baptists, Congregationalists, and Presbyterians from the mid-eighteenth century; consolidation and growth of various European denominations in the region in uneasy tension with the proliferation of independent black Christian groups and African religions in the post-emancipation era from 1833; the contest for political, economic and religious independence after 1870, including the shift from British Imperial intervention and influence to those from North America, and national independence after 1962. Contemporary studies in anthropology and sociology of religion speak of 'religions on the move', or the process of transmigration and transculturation, as it refers to dynamic, reciprocal, transitory and multidimensional creations in shaping a 'poly-contextual world'. This implies that religions have to be regarded as cultural and spiritual phenomena whose 'taken-for granted' essence1 has resulted from transcultural and transnational processes of mutual 1 Klaus Hock, University of Rostock, abstract for an essay on the African Christian Diaspora in Europe, January...
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...Pentecostalism and Islam ***** HUM/130 ***** ****** Pentecostalism and Islam Two of the fast rising religions in the United States since they were introduced into the society of American people, are Islam and the Christian Revival Movement Pentecostalism. Islam is not a Christian Religion, but started centuries ago in what is now Saudi Arabia. Pentecostalism started in the United Sates in the late Nineteenth Century. The reason these religions gained so much popularity in the United States is due to the very history of the Nation. While both of these religions do not share the same beginnings or backgrounds, they are both strong fundamentalist religions and share many of the same morals, however the very strength in the religion will more than likely cause continued growth. Islam is one of the least secular religions on the planet, the two more popular “denominations” of Islam do not usually accept outer sects, and some of the outer sects may be considered dangerous. Pentecostalism has many denominations within, and there are many titles to the churches, although most are tolerant of one another. To understand the spread of both Islam and Pentecostalism, it is important to understand the very beginnings and foundations of these religions. Islam, a religion with a belief in one God, teaches of prophets sent to tell people of God’s word. Muhammad is the last of a line of prophets that include Adam, Noah, Abraham, Moses and Jesus. The Qur’an is the written word of the people...
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...INTRODUCTION Church history has been filled with heated debates about speaking in tongues. This modern movement has been one of the most intriguing and apprehensive trends of the contemporary charismatic movement. Glossolalia (speaking in tongues) has been responsible for numerous divisions among Christians because advocates who observe and practice speaking in tongues take the matter seriously. The gap in this division is wide, ranging from accusations of mental instability and personal impairment to direct and holy communication with God. It is the purpose of this paper to show that biblical evidence demonstrates that glossolalia is irrelevant for today. We will first introduce a working definition of glossolalia, then look at some important historical facts revealed in Acts, the gospel of Mark, and 1 Corinthians, consider supporting arguments from each side of the debate, and finally conclude with a position that is supported by thoughts from informed theologians and more importantly, the Holy Bible (God’s word). DEFINITION Glossolalia is derived from the Greek noun glossa which is interpreted as “the tongue, a language,” and the verb laleo which is interpreted as “to speak”. Therefore, glossolalia is a literal translation of the Greek words “glosso” and “laleo” meaning “speaking in tongues”. Oxford Dictionary defines glossolalia as a phenomenon of (apparently) speaking in an unknown language, especially in religious worship. The most common usage for the phenomenon...
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...It began within Judaism and therefore already had built tension between Jesus and Judaism. When Jesus spoke of forming a kingdom it made the Romans nervous because they already had a kingdom and a leader, making matters even tenser with a religious and secular movement. Mormon’s have also been considered a cult. Those who are polygamy practicing Mormons and follow the denomination: Mormon fundamentalists that is. According to this particular denomination of Mormon’s, practicing polygamy is the path that leads to heaven, and for every wife that they have they will receive a world for that wife and they will be the only ones that can have sex in heaven. One of the most known Mormon cults is the Fundamentalist Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints (FLDS), headed by Warren Jeffs. Warren Jeffs was one of the top 10 on the FBI’s most wanted list for rape, and marrying older men with younger girls who weren’t even of age. He also was having sexual relations with girls that were under age as well. (Murr) Another is in the Pentecostal Church with Jim Jones as the leader of a cult, Jones craved power and became successful. His church was called People’s Temple and started in Indiana, he then moved his church to California. After the move to California, Jim Jones became paranoid that there was going to be a nuclear explosion and so in 1977 they relocated to Guiana, South America. (Russell)...
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...believed the Holy Spirit granted them the gift or power to do so. Much of the Christian tradition restricted such miraculous gifts to the age of the apostles and did not expect them later. * Parham’s students in Topeka found nothing in the biblical text that limited such spiritual gifts to an ancient time. On New Year’s Day, 1901, Agnes Ozman received the gift of speaking in tongues. Parham soon embraced the idea, equating such spiritual gifts with a “second baptism” that followed the traditional baptism which used water to anoint individuals. This second baptism was a baptism of fire * Speaking in tongues is a form of ecstatic experience when for a time another power seized control of one and manifests itself. * The Pentecostal style also echoes the sense of divine invasion in individual lives marking conversion at frontier camp meetings a century earlier. * Parham relocated to Houston, Texas where a young African American, William J Seymour came under his influence. Seymour moved to L.A because of discrimination in Houston. * Seymour’s preaching led to a major religious revival centered in a small mission...
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