...The differences in travelling preferences between postgraduate students in Poland and United Kingdom Module name: Research Methods Word count: 4978 January 2014 1. Abstract The purpose of this report is to determine the differences between travelling preferences among British and Polish postgraduate students. Moreover, the report aims to establish the patterns in which a cultural background influence travelling and to detect similarities between British and Polish attitudes. Therefore, the research is a comparative, cross-cultural study. In order to achieve the purpose, 5 structured interviews were carried out that helped to construct a questionnaire. The analysis of qualitative and quantitative data shows that the cultural background has an effect on postgraduate students' travelling preferences and that there are certain differences between British and Polish travelling tendencies. The particular aspects that affect those preferences are: language, socioeconomic status, geographic area and customs. However, owing to the global phenomena, the cultural backgrounds are disappearing and students' travelling preferences become more and more convergent. The author believes this research will form a valuable asset for tourism industry and it will be a base for future research. 2 2. Table of contents 1. Abstract ......................................................................................................................................................
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...Introduction: People visit tourist spot for variety of reasons. There has some similar reason and some dissimilar reason behind travelling the tourist spot. Here we will use cluster analysis to classify objects or cases into relatively homogeneous groups called clusters. Objects in each cluster tend to be similar to each other and dissimilar in the other cluster. Statement of the problem: This study will be conducted “To classify the similar and dissimilar reason behind travelling”. Purpose of the study: The main objective of this study is to classify the reason behind travelling. Other than this, this study will also try to focus on following issues: * For identifying the similar reason for travelling * Understanding the people’s behavior toward travelling Significance of the study: This study helps the following organization: * Government * Travel agency * Institution related to tourism * Bangladesh Porjoton Corporation Literature Review: Various secondary sources of information are studied. Most related reports deals with the branding tourism sector, to identify the economic impact of tourism in Bangladesh, not to measure the attitudes towards travelling. The research reports related to tourism are given below. According to Pizam’s article (1984), the tourism and hospitality industry has been applauded by industrialized and developing countries for the number of jobs created. A large amount of position vacancy is generated within the tourism...
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...tourism has grown into a global economic and indirect impact on the world economy. Tourism has became extremely important economically for some countries and cities ( Dr Wall, personal communication ). For many countries tourism is the most important source of welfare. The main benefits of tourism are jobs creations and income creations. According to the Georgetown Journal of International Affairs, in 2012 international tourist arrivals worldwide reached 1.035 billion ( Boham and Mak, 2014). As a result, the growing of tourism services may lead many countries into not only industry growth but also impacts as growing culture. There are many reasons why people travel. For example, many people travelling for business, travelling for family and friends and other personal reasons such as marriage and health. Overall work seems to be the most common reason for which people travel. The positive impacts of tourism on country’s economy are the growth and development of various industries directly connected with healthy tourism industry, such as transportation, lodging, entertainment and retail trade. This brings about the creation of new jobs, investments and payments of goods and services. On the other hands, tourism does not always benefits positively because sometimes tourism can be affected by events such as terrorism, economic recession, and natural disasters. In addition, social and cultural affects of tourism can also be both positive and negative. Tourism creates a better cultural...
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...Discuss the socio – cultural impacts of the tourism development using examples from the country of your own choice This essay will argue that Lithuania has many positive and negative social and cultural impacts on the tourism industry. In these days tourism became one of the most important in economic, social and cultural environment. People pay attention in these things because they are also very important to develop any business. Tourism is very significant for countries, because it may bring a lot of money if it will be developing properly. First of all, talking about Lithuania’s social positive impacts: people are travelling to different countries to find something new in other cultures, traditions, to see different environment and to meet different people and to know something new. This is like a positive impact in tourism industry, because they bring something new too. Lithuania is a small country, but it has socio – cultural positive things, such as, meaningful leisure, improving the public and also work in communities, because people all the time with each other and that make the country stronger and stronger. These things make positive impacts, because social tourism is about people and their activities. People, who comes to new country should adapt to that country’s customs, traditions, social environment but also should not lose their own. As it was mention before, Lithuania is a small Scandinavian country, where is about just 3,000,000 people. So there is not...
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...E-mail: krudkin@uow.edu.au The Effects of Employment on Academic Performance of Australian Accounting Students ABSTRACT This study examines factors that impact students engaged in paid employment while studying in a tertiary accounting program in a regional Australian university. It examines the differences in experience of domestic and international students. No direct significant relationship was found between paid employment and academic performance for the overall study sample. There was a positive relationship found between paid employment and academic performance with respect to domestic students. However, in the case of international students a negative relationship between paid employment and academic performance was observed. A significant positive relationship between a shift work pattern of paid employment and academic performance was found. The Effects of Employment on Academic Performance of Australian Accounting Students 1. Introduction This study makes a contribution to the literature identifying and examining the factors that impact student performance in tertiary accounting programs. Much of this existing literature is located within the United Kingdom and North American institutions. Documented factors in these studies include the impact of gender, prior knowledge of accounting, academic aptitude, mathematical background, previous working experience, age, class...
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...aspirations. “Executive travel stress: Perils of the road warrior” by Richard S DeFrank, Robert Konopaske, John M Ivancevich focuses on the concept of travel stress at the executive level, including the sources and the potential impact of stress before, during, and after travel. It also offers practical information for both organisations and individuals about how to prevent and deal with executive travel stress (DeFrank, Ivancevich & Konopaske, 2000). Managers have to travel nowadays more than ever before. Due to a fast globalisation process, executives have to be in several different places (i.e. countries, even continents) in a very small period of time. Michael Bonsignore, the CEO of Honeywell, explains that travel brings along not only negative factors such as sleep deprivation, time pressure and delays, unavoidable changes in eating habits but it has also advantages (DeFrank et al, 2000:58). “I learn a hell of a lot more doing this than sitting in my office reading historical information… Today we can’t be making decisions based on historical information because things are changing too fast” (DeFrank et al, 2000:58) said Michael Bonsignore. Apart this, travel represents a very important way for executive to learn new business techniques while travelling and even come up with new product ideas. According to a survey (DeFrank et al, 2000:59) taken in 1997, 193 million U.S. executive business travellers transform their business travel into holiday. However, business travel comprises...
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...Initial tourism experiences can be very low key in their impacts but sometimes grow to mass tourism. Discuss this change and outline the direction being taken by the tourism industry to manage this growth as Sustainable Tourism. Use current examples, with reference article, to develop and support your argument. Introduction Travelling is the leading leisure activity choice among other activities in today world. Tourism have changed and evolved over time. According to Jafari’s advocacy platform, during the post war years of 1950s to 1960s, tourism started to bloom due to emergence of strong middle class and hence increasing the wealth and interest and outgoing attitudes of individuals. The improvements of technology in transportation allowed people to travel in masses, resulting in mass production and mass consumption in that period, simply put, the movement caused the birth of mass tourism. Overtime the impacts of mass tourism, both positive and negative, to the destination start to surface; sustainable tourism is introduced to manage the impacts of mass tourism. Development of Mass Tourism Mass tourism is said to consist of various elements but the principle lies with the participation of large numbers of people (Fink, 1970). It is a distinct form of tourism that can be separated from the others base on it linkage to mass production, mass consumption and mass tourist destination (Vainikka, 2013) and these mass consumption took place with the lack of consideration...
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... • The Scandic Hotel has many aim and visions. The most important one is to offer simple and accessible accommodation. In order to achieve it, they want to simplify their procedures, be present on the locations where people are travelling and taking care of the customer’s needs. • They want to be more than just a hotel. They want to be an inspirational place for people, and also, be a place of meeting for those inspired people. People travelling for business or pleasure should come to Scandic Hotels. They desire that people are going to become increasingly conscious of the choices they make thanks to Scandic services. • According to them, people should opt for Scandic because they are an economic, social and environmental organisation. • They want to follow a sustainable development. In a first part, showing how well they manage the stakeholder’s money by creating financial value. In a second part, reducing Scandic’s environmental impact. In a third part, showing that they contribute as a member of society, in an ethical way. • Most of those missions are relevant. It describe the path that the organisation should take. However some point are not enough clear. For instance, there is a lack of details for the reducing of the environmental impact and even more for the ethical way they want to follow. It should be even more develop than the others parts. Moreover, some point looks more like objectives than vision or mission. For instance, the part which speak about simplifying...
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...Brief Presentation on 45th APEC Tourism Working Group Meeting 1.0 Introduction Good Evening Asti, Ladies and Gentlemen. I’m Alvin and this is Michael and tonight we will be presenting an information session in preparation for APEC’s 45th Meeting of the Tourism Working Group on the 10th to the 11th of September. At this meeting it is recommended to focus on enhancing the current bilateral tourism trade relationship between Australia and Thailand. In preparation for the meeting we will brief you on what will occur at the meeting, the benefits of tourism and Australia and Thailand’s current tourism trade relationship. Recommendations will also be made on how Australia and Thailand should approach furthering the current relationship. 2.0 Overview of APEC 45th Meeting of Tourism Working Group APEC’s aim is to support sustainable economic growth and prosperity in the Asia Pacific region through promoting regional trade and investment, strengthening economic and technical cooperation among its members, enhancing human security and facilitating a favourable and sustainable business environment (APEC - Mission Statement, 2014). In the upcoming 45th Meeting of the Tourism Working Group in Macao, the focus will be on preparing for the 8th Tourism Ministerial Meeting. This will mean discussing working towards some of the key aspects of the Ministerial Meeting like promoting tourism market integration, boosting the transformation and growth of the tourism industry and strengthening APEC...
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...“Technological Development has a positive rather than a negative impact on society.” Discuss. Technological development refers to the process of research and development of technology. In discussing whether or not the development of technology has a positive impact on society a number of arguments, both or against, need to be examined. These arguments include bringing convenience to our daily life, the economic growth bought by the technology advancement, the problem of electronic waste and the decline of interpersonal skills. Firstly, technology is very useful in our daily life. Nowadays, almost everyone has a mobile phone, it improves the communication between people. Also, the invention of GPS solves many problems that we had. For examples, you can find a certain restaurant easily as long as your mobile phone has GPS function and you will not worry about getting lost even if you are travelling in other countries. Another reason why technological development has a positive impact on society is that it boosts the economy. As more labors are required for doing research and development on inventing new products, more people will be employed, it helps to reduce the unemployment rate. Moreover, when the new products were being introduced to the market, it would attract many consumers to make purchases, as a result, it leads to an economic growth. However, as the technology develops so rapidly, tons of new products are releasing every single day, the consumers will buy...
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...The world automobile industry has experienced low profitability during the past two decades. What features of the industry have caused intensive competition and low profitability? Value of a product To run an industry, or more specifically, a company operating within an industry, it is a must to gain profits over the products. Profits keep the company’s expenses going while leaving enough on the table to meet the future demands. Until and unless the company receives profits on its products, it cannot invest in further endeavors and would probably start falling backwards. The path towards growth and expansion would become rocky and impossible to cross by the company. Hence, the end result would be the company to wind-up its activities or get sold to someone who can make better use of the company. Profits start coming in with products that prove valuable to the customers. Value of a product is determined by the customer’s approach towards a product. A product that the customer is willing to spend his money on thinking that it will solve his problem, or would be helpful in solving the problem. When a customer believes in a product to be helpful for him, he willingly agrees to pay more than the costs incurred in the manufacturing, or production of the product. But value does not directly counts as a profit for the company that is manufacturing the product. The superfluous of value over the cost incurred in the manufacturing of the product gets divided among the consumers and...
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...economy of a destination. Increase in tourism has given rise to many airline companies to provide the best service and safety to an individual to make his journey a memorable one. Airline companies are constantly upgrading with technology and other services for competing in this ever-growing airline industry. Malaysian airlines is one of the prestigious passenger airline carrier owned and run by the government of Malaysia also known as MAS in short. Malaysian airlines operates in more than 60 destinations around the world. Product and Experience Analysis: Malaysia Airways is one of the mid cost airline company and operates from the homeland base Kuala Lumpur. Malaysian airlines has established itself in the South East Asia region and travelling around the world. Malaysian airlines is one of the few airlines to be awarded with the 5 star airline status by Skytrax. Malaysian airlines also operates 2 airline subsidiaries Firefly and MASwings which operate internally within Malaysia. Other services offered by MAS include things like architectural operation, resort management, catering, digital booking companies, transportation and warehousing companies. MAS is an international carrier operating in 117 domestic destinations and 115 international routes in six continents. MAS offers 3 different classes first, business and economy class to suit the customer needs and compared to other 5 star airlines the prices offered by Malaysian airlines are way cheaper and they are highly competing...
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...it is time-saving, when you are travelling to countries, which are long-distance from each other, and mostly, it is the only way to get an access to geographically isolated areas. Moreover, air transportation enables the access to people, capital, markets, and resources. As, a result, the availability of air transportation services effectively increases in most of the countries. It has also an effect on economic activity. Different factors dominate the relationship between economic and air transportation. Because of these unique factors, the nature of air transportation flows differs among the economics. In this paper, I would like to analyze what are the main factors of demand and supply that have an impact on air transportation market in Eurozone area. Like any other business, the airline industry is impacted by changes in its external environment. Prices have a strong impact on demand of airline industry. As I can observe on the graph, the inflation for traveling by airplanes is falling down, while the prices of tickets are rising up, and when the prices of tickets are going down, the inflation is again starting to increase. There are several factors that have influence on price dynamics; political, legal, economical, social, and technological. Knowledge of the trends and the economic life cycle can help predict external opportunities, as well as predict risk factors of investing in the industry. Political and legal factors that impact the airline industry Most industries...
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...business relationships which links distant localities in such a way that local happenings are shaped by distant events, and vice versa’. As the above definition shows, globalization has impact on societies as well as on businesses. Many companies become global because of the globalization. This means that a global firm manages its business as one unit which spreads over the world (Varner & Beamer, 1995). Also, global organizations have centralised and strictly followed structure because they produce standardised goods and services for consumers (Edwards, Rollinson & Broadfield, 1998). Example of such organizations can be McDonalds, Microsoft, Philips, Shell, etc. The employees of these companies, which are all over the world, are dressed in the same way and perform the same procedures in order to make the products and serve the customers (Schneider & Barsoux, 1997). On the one hand, the globalization of companies is not good for small business. This is because people do not buy only the local products but the foreign ones. And if the local small businesses have not the resources to export their goods abroad, they will remain unsold so the business will die (Borkar, 2010). http://www.buzzle.com/articles/is-globalization-good-or-bad.html On the other hand, the globalization has a positive impact on firms. The free trade between nations increases which gives corporations greater flexibility to operate across borders (Advantages and Disadvantages of Globalization)http://www.darkseptemberrain...
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...needed demand. Due to immense competition, the level of competition is enhanced within the complex market offering in terms of technology, prices, in-flight entertainment, customer services, and so on. Hence, this paper is presented to analyze the Porter’s five forces model in the horizon of airline industry. Porter has also given the more enhanced framework of forces by including the sixth force as well, which will subsequently be analyzed according to said industry. Porter’s Six Forces Model Analysis The extension of Porter’s five forces model is actually regarded as Porter’s six forces model. The enhanced stimuli of forces did not gain such popularity as that of its previous model integrating five forces only, because of its less positive acceptance. The model is similar to the five forces model with only difference of sixth force in the framework. Hence, all Porter’s (1980) forces are explained below with their certitude rating in the parameters of airline industry. Force 1: Threats of New Entrants The threat of new firm into the same industry is the force which describes the dependability of new entrants on the entering barriers. These barriers are a kind of great threat to any industry, if they are feasible and flexible because it will increase the number of potential competitors in the industry and on the contrary they can react in diverse manner to the potential entrants to replicate the incumbents’ position. These barriers may exist within economies of scale...
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