...Spradlin PIB Physical Science 16 September 2105 Unleashing the Power of an Atom Most people do not think about the fact that something as minute as an atom could create both mass devastation and enormous benefit to mankind; however, when a person hears the word nuclear, that is exactly what one does. When hearing the term radiation, visions of Hiroshima or Chernobyl come to mind, and the person usually does not stop to consider that something as microscopic as an atom was responsible for such large scale destruction. It is important for people to understand that within the nucleus of an atom resides tremendous capability. It is up to humans to unlock that potential and create something in the best interest of society. While it is understood that the nuclear decay process can wreak havoc on humanity, harnessing the nucleus of radioactive isotopes for the welfare of civilization can be accomplished through nuclear power plants, nuclear medicine, and nuclear preservation of food, we may fully be able to use these nuclei to humanity’s advantage. Nuclear power plants are one way that humans have controlled nature to benefit them. Nuclear power is the use of nuclear reactions that release nuclear energy to create heat. Steam turbines are then used to make energy from the heat. The elements in the Actinide series of the periodic table are mainly used for nuclear fission reactions. Nuclear fission power plants produce 11% of the world’s electricity, less than what hydro-electric...
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...Nuclear energy must be a consideration for the future with the rapidly depleting supply of fossil fuels. This type of energy can be created through nuclear fission and nuclear fusion. Nuclear fission is the splitting of a heavy atom into two or more parts, releasing huge amounts of energy. The release of energy can be controlled and captured for generating electricity. Nuclear fusion involves bombarding hydrogen atoms together to form helium. In the long run, nuclear fusion has greater potential than fission. Cost and availability of fuel is a considerable factor when dealing with nuclear power. Fission requires an element that can be easily split in a particle accelerator, such as uranium or plutonium. Fusion, on the other hand, uses isotopes of hydrogen atoms, specifically deuterium and tritium, that can be obtained from ordinary water. Uranium ores occur naturally in many parts of the world but must go through a costly purification process before used as fuel. The unprocessed ore contains approximately 99.3% uranium-238, a non-fissionable isotope of uranium, and only about 0.7% of U-235 required for fission. One hydrogen atom out of 6700 appears as deuterium, a naturally occurring isotope of hydrogen with an extra neutron, and can easily be separated from the rest. Uranium-235 is a non-renewable resource that will eventually run out, much like the fossil fuels. The abundance of deuterium and lithium provide a virtually unlimited supply of fuel for nuclear fusion....
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...Radioactive Isotopes Introduction: - Radioactive isotopes are kind of isotopes, which have an unstable nuclide and react in assorted ways, they are derived from isotopes that also hold an unstable nucleus but they do not react as radioisotopes do. These factors are categorized by the extra energy which is present in them and which would be used to react and produce some other particle. The reaction, which would result in various emissions of Gama, rays, alpha particles, beta particles. The reaction, which causes these emissions, is called radioactive decay (Radioactivity). The discharge of the radioactive decay is harmful in various ways, only due to the progress in technology now these disadvantages have been converted to advantages and now radioisotopes are used in several facial expressions, which also let in various medical aspects, which would be compensated in the report. The concept of Radioactivity was found by a French physicist, Antoine Henri Becquerel. As most of the discoveries, this also was by a very honest observation and accidental. During the research of phosphorescent materials (The elements which glow in black). Studying Uranium for his research, he kept the uranium on the photographic film, it was a routine for him to hold it under the sunlight for some days and then examine it later. On a cloudy day, he kept the film and the uranium inside. Later on some days he took an observation when he watched the video, the image of the uranium appeared in the film...
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...Name: Date: Graded Assignment Unit Test, Part 2 Answer the questions below. When you have finished, submit this assignment to your teacher by the due date for full credit. (8 points) Score 1. Compare and contrast the processes of nuclear fission and fusion, showing similarities and differences. Describe which, if any, of these processes is naturally occurring. If so, where? Answer: Nuclear Fission is the break down of atoms into smaller particles. Atoms are bombarded by accelerated neutrons, the collision releases energy that can be harnessed. The electrons ejected from the breakdown of the nucleus collide with other atoms and start a chain reaction. Fission occurs naturally in heavy isotopes such as Uranium, this process is commonly known as radioactive decay....
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...we are using up fossil fuels, nuclear energy is looking more and more like a possible replacement. Nuclear energy is created in two ways, through nuclear fission and nuclear fusion. Nuclear fission is the splitting of a heavy atom into two or more parts, releasing huge amounts of energy. The release of energy can be controlled and captured for generating electricity. Nuclear fusion involves bombarding hydrogen atoms together to form helium. In the long run, nuclear fusion has greater potential than fission due to the cost and overall availability of the required isotopes, the higher energy output, and the low levels of residual waste. The cost and availability of fuel is a considerable factor when dealing with nuclear power. Fission requires an element that can be easily split in a particle accelerator, such as uranium or plutonium. Fusion, on the other hand, uses isotopes of hydrogen atoms, specifically deuterium and tritium, which can be found in all water. Uranium ores are found naturally throughout the world but must go through an expensive purification procedure before used as fuel. The unprocessed ore contains approximately 99.3% uranium-238, a non-fissionable isotope of uranium, and only about 0.7% of U-235 required for fission. One hydrogen atom out of 6700 appears as deuterium, a naturally occurring isotope of hydrogen with an extra neutron, and can easily be separated from the rest. Uranium-235 is a non-renewable resource that will eventually run out, much like the...
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...1 H . 1 D . Hi-Res Images of Chemical Elements A Virtual Museum © Jumk.de Webprojects | Imprint & Privacy Chemical Calculators | Atomic Collider Simulation 2 He . 3 Li ... 4 Be ... 5 B ... 6 C ... 7 N . 8 O . 9 F . 10 Ne . 11 Na ... 12 Mg ... 13 Al ... 14 Si ... 15 P ... 16 S ... 17 Cl . 18 Ar . 19 K ... 20 Ca ... 21 Sc ... 22 Ti ... 23 V ... 24 Cr ... 25 Mn ... 26 Fe ... 27 Co ... 28 Ni ... 29 Cu ... 30 Zn ... 31 Ga ... 32 Ge ... 33 As ... 34 Se ... 35 Br .. 36 Kr . 37 Rb ... 38 Sr ... 39 Y ... 40 Zr ... 41 Nb ... 42 Mo ... 43 Tc ... 44 Ru ... 45 Rh ... 46 Pd ... 47 Ag ... 48 Cd ... 49 In ... 50 Sn ... 51 Sb ... 52 Te ... 53 I ... 54 Xe . 55 Cs ... 56 Ba ... 57-71 La-Lu 72 Hf ... 73 Ta ... 74 W ... 75 Re ... 76 Os ... 77 Ir ... 78 Pt ... 79 Au ... 80 Hg .. 81 Tl ... 82 Pb ... 83 Bi ... 84 Po ... 85 At ... 86 Rn . 87 Fr ... 88 Ra ... 89-103 Ac-Lr 104 Rf 105 Db 106 Sg 107 Bh 108 Hs 109 Mt 110 Ds 111 Rg 112 Cn 113 Uut 114 Fl 115 Uup 116 Lv 117 Uus 118 Uuo Home | Random All, All2, Mosaic Concentration game Knowledge Element properties Records, Archives 57 La ... 58 Ce ... 59 Pr ... 60 Nd ... 61 Pm ... 62 Sm ... 63 Eu ... 64 Gd ... 65 Tb ... 66 Dy ... 67 Ho ... 68 Er ... 69 Tm ... 70 Yb ... 71 Lu ... 89 Ac ... 90 Th ... 91 Pa ... 92 U ... 93 Np ... 94 Pu ... 95 Am ... 96 Cm ... 97 Bk ... 98 Cf ... 99 Es ... 100 Fm ... 101 Md ... 102...
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...People are always discussing how to make better use of nuclear energy, so people should learn more about what nuclear fission and nuclear fusion are. Nuclear fusion is two or more atoms of small mass synthesize a relatively large atom. For example, deuterium and tritium occurs nuclear interaction with each other under certain conditions, such as high temperature and high pressure. They can generate neutrons and helium -4. Rather, nuclear fission is an atom of large mass that is divided into two or more relatively small atoms. The principle of atomic bombs and the current nuclear power plants is both according to the nuclear fission. In the process, both of them will release huge energy, but the nuclearfusion releases greater energy....
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...NUCLEAR POWER: FISSION The discovery of nuclear fission occurred in 1938 in the buildings of Kaiser Wilhelm Society for Chemistry, today part of the Free University of Berlin, following nearly five decades of work on the science of radioactivity and the elaboration of new nuclear physics that described the components of atoms. In 1911, Ernest Rutherford proposed a model of the atom in which a very small, dense and positively charged nucleus of protons (the neutron had not yet been discovered) was surrounded by orbiting, negatively charged electrons (the Rutherford model). Niels Bohr improved upon this in 1913 by reconciling the quantum behavior of electrons (the Bohr model). Work by Henri Becquerel, Marie Curie, Pierre Curie, and Rutherford further elaborated that the nucleus, though tightly bound, could undergo different forms of radioactive decay, and thereby transmute into other elements. (For example, by alpha decay: the emission of an alpha particle—two protons and two neutrons bound together into a particle identical to a helium nucleus.) Some work in nuclear transmutation had been done. In 1917, Rutherford was able to accomplish transmutation of nitrogen into oxygen, using alpha particles directed at nitrogen. This was the first observation of a nuclear reaction, that is, a reaction in which particles from one decay are used to transform another atomic nucleus. Eventually, in 1932, a fully artificial nuclear reaction and nuclear transmutation was achieved by Rutherford's...
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...Nuclear Power Radioactive wastes, must for the protection of mankind be stored or disposed in such a manner that isolation from the biosphere is assured until they have decayed to innocuous levels. If this is not done, the world could face severe physical problems to living species living on this planet. Some atoms can disintegrate spontaneously. As they do, they emit ionizing radiation. Atoms having this property are called radioactive. By far the greatest number of uses for radioactivity in Canada relate not to the fission, but to the decay of radioactive materials - radioisotopes. These are unstable atoms that emit energy for a period of time that varies with the isotope. During this active period, while the atoms are 'decaying' to a stable state their energies can be used according to the kind of energy they emit. Since the mid 1900's radioactive wastes have been stored in different manners, but since several years new ways of disposing and storing these wastes have been developed so they may no longer be harmful. A very advantageous way of storing radioactive wastes is by a process called 'vitrification'. Vitrification is a semi-continuous process that enables the following operations to be carried out with the same equipment: evaporation of the waste solution mixed with the additives necesary for the production of borosilicate glass, calcination and elaboration of the glass. These operations...
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...Caesium is a type of metal that can be radioactive or nonradioactive, in other words it can be stable or unstable. Caesium 137 is an isotope of Caesium, it is radioactive, or unstable. It is a very familiar and common radioactive isotope, for example it is more environmentally compelling or important than another isotope of Caesium like Caesium 134. Caesium 137 along with several other radioactive isotopes were discovered in the 1930’s by Glenn T. Seaborg. Although Caesium was first discovered as non radioactive in water in Germany by two germans named Gustav Kirchhoff and Robert Bunsen (Cesium, Radiation Protection). Before going into the science behind Caesium 137 I will explain what an isotope and a radioisotope is. All elements naturally occur as isotopes, they are basically atoms with a different amount of neutrons. For example, Caesium 137 and Caesium 136 are both isotopes of the element Caesium. We can tell these isotopes apart by naming them by their total mass numbers. The total mass numbers are calculated by adding the number of protons with the amount of neutrons. Each isotope has a different mass number, Caesium 137 has 82 neutrons and 55 protons, therefore it is labelled Caesium 137, as 82 added by 55 equals 137. The mass numbers of isotopes also indicate the atomic weight of the isotopes, Caesium 137 is 137 atomic mass units or 137 u. The atomic mass of the elements are decided by the mass number of their average isotope. Regular Isotopes always maintain...
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...could really destroy the world in just a moment. It can cause a big effect in our lives as well to our environment. Radiation is an environmental hazard that people tend to worry about only when it is artificially produced (Schneider 336). When atoms combine it can causes a radiation which will affect molecules, cells and tissues. However there are some who think of biological effects of radiation on human body. The atoms unite through a process called ionization. So the biological effects begin with the result of radiation combining with the atoms which develops cells. There are several sources of radiation. In fact, It can be found everywhere. The homes which we live by contain amount of radioactive elements that decay into a chemical element called radon gas. It can leak into our homes which. It can also be found mostly in industry to control measuring equipment. Radiation comes from natural or artificial resources. However it was commonly found in natural resources. Artificial radiation comes from medical examination such as x-ray, CT scans and other hospital equipment that uses technology. There are two sources of radiation. First is the decay of an atomic state from one energy to a lower one. The second is when an unstable atom decays to another state with the diffusion of x-rays or alpha radiation. In Bogdanich (2010) summary article...
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...thing that comes to their minds is a devastating bomb explosion or a nuclear power plant meltdown. But, in reality, nuclear energy is a sustainable energy source that has an enormous variety of uses. B. Thesis: The uses of nuclear energy range from being a clean, renewable energy source to cutting edge medical procedures. C. Credibility: The world's first exposure to nuclear energy came with the detonation of two atomic bombs in Japan in 1945. Scientists perceived a positive aspect of these terrible events; they hoped that the power of nuclear energy could be harnessed for human good. Those hopes have been recognized, but to only a small extent. Starting in the 1970s, opposition to nuclear power rose. D. Preview: I will be talking about only a fraction of the production, applications and effects /rewards of nuclear energy. Including: i. What nuclear energy is and how nuclear energy is made. ii. Uses of nuclear energy. iii. Advantages and disadvantages of nuclear energy. Transition: First, Let’s explore what nuclear energy is and how it is made. BODY First Main Point II. Nuclear energy is any method of doing work that makes use of nuclear fission or nuclear fusion reactions. The term refers to both the uncontrolled release of nuclear energy, as in atomic weapons, and to the controlled release of energy, as in nuclear power plants. A. Nuclear fission i. Nuclear fission, occurs when an atom splits in two, releasing a massive amount of energy and several subatomic...
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...The first is to bombard an atom with projectiles, such as neutrons, alpha particles, or deuterons. As a result, a new, heavier element is formed. They can also be created by nuclear fusion. This is done in a nuclear reactor or particle accelerator where two elements collide at a very high speed. As the two atoms merge, one larger element is produced (ScienceStruck, 2017). However, some of the synthetic elements exist in very small quantities in nature by processes such as fission, or radioactive decay. For instance, several can be found in natural uranium ores (Hoffman and Nuclear Chemistry Division Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory,...
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...The atom is considered to be the basic building block of all matter. A simple theory of the atom tells us that it consists of two components: a nucleus surrounded by an electron cloud. From an electrical point of view, the nucleus is said to be positively charged and the electrons negatively charged. Whereas from a size point of view, the radius of an atom is 10-10. A simple description of the nucleus tells us that is is composed of protons and neutrons. These two particle types are collectively called nucleons (particles which inhabit the nucleus. In a nucleus, there is two classification, those are the Atomic number which define the number of protons in a nucleus, and the other is the Mass number which is defined as the number of nucleons in a nucleus (number of protons plus the number of neutrons)....
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...may be turned into a new and important source of energy in the immediate future." Even then, the potential to harness nuclear power as an energy was recognized. Six years later, the atomic bomb was dropped on Hiroshima and Nagasaki, killing an estimated two-hundred thousand people and forever linking the word 'nuclear' with death and destruction (Danzer 790). Since that day, nuclear power has been trying to throw off the shadow of it's _________ In many cases succeeding in convincing______ However, there are numerous people to this day that remain wary of this particular power source. Nuclear power is a safe, efficient, and effective...
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