...This triad is of importance in terms of justifying the need and the granting of Copyright Law, and is also the basis of the argument by the author against the Lockean Theory. She states that the link between the author and his/her work should not only be the sole reason for the grant of Copyright. Whereas, the relationship with general Public and the author’s intellectual product has an important role not only in increasing production of intellectual work, but also plays a significant role in cultural production and communication in the society. Copyright philosophy talks about a mutually dependent relationship between the idea of originality and independent work and theory of private property and natural right. The present article only focuses on the latter concept in connection with Lockean...
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...communities Table of Contents Introduction 4 Defining Elderly Abuse 7 Traditional Societies 8 The length of the problem 9 Institutional Settings 9 Risk factor for Elder Abuse 10 Individual factors 10 Factors of Relationship 11 Factors of Community and Society 12 The result of elder abuse 14 Domestic Settings 14 Treatment in institutions 14 Preventing Elder Abuse 15 Feedback from national level 16 Responses from local people 18 Social Service 19 Health Care 20 Legal Proceeding 21 Campaign to generate public awareness 22 Recommendations 23 Greater Knowledge 23 Causes of the abuse 24 Impact of abuse 24 Evaluating the process 24 Stringent laws 24 Basic Rights for Elders 25 Traditions 25 Other preventive measures 26 Conclusion 27 Reference 28 Introduction The history of elderly abuse is not a very new phenomenon. It can be traced back from a very early age if we flip through the sociological status of yesteryear. However with the passage of time and further defining a goal to reform child abuse and domestic violence, the objective of elderly abuse has also been considered in the agenda. Unlike other form violence, the elderly violence has come into limelight with the progress of public health and criminal justice. The issue of these two forms has paved a way to view, analyse and curb the issue on violence towards senior citizens of a society. This paper will focus upon the issues concerning upon the violence that affects...
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...No End in sight: Breaking the vicious cycle of hiv/aids in Tanzania Abstract Tanzania is a country of close to 40 million people, out of which 3 million are living with HIV/AIDS. This disease has been declared an epidemic by the WHO standards, and Tanzania is described as a country “experiencing a mature, generalized HIV epidemic, which is still growing” (WHO Report, 2008). The combination of a high infection rate and a lack of available resources to address HIV/AIDS make it more than difficult to bring the levels of this disease down. Tanzania has a national office dedicated to fighting HIV/AIDS, and it receives close to $400 million dollars a year in funds directed at combatting the various issues associated with the epidemic (Global Fund, 2011). However, there is no indication that this large sum has been used to address the HIV/AIDS epidemic. This money has been lost somewhere in the trickle down from foreign funding agencies and has most likely landed in the pockets of corrupt officials. The policy that the Tanzanian Commission for AIDS (TACAIDS, 2011) and the Prime Minister’s office has released attempts to accomplish too much in one go, making the overall effect of the policy somewhat flat. There needs to be a campaign that shocks the country out of its current state of stagnation. By using a social campaign that employs education in all facets of life, at school, on the radio, and in the community, HIV/AIDS awareness can become an apparent part of everyday life...
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...to reform its business environment and to move toward transparent, rules based, enforcement-oriented standards. But the business reality is far from the WTO obligations specifically in the continued controversy over the protection of intellectual property. Chinese enterprises are themselves becoming global investors, both by acquiring foreign firms and investing in foreign lands. INTRODUCTION For a multinational enterprise to succeed in countries with different political and legal environments, its management must carefully analyze the fit between its corporate policies and the political and legal conditions of each particular nation in which it operates. The element that can influence international business are: role of government in society, political ideologies, political risk, legal environment and operational and strategic legal issue. THE POLITICAL ENVIRONMENT A political system is the complete set of institutions, political organizations, and interest groups, the relationships among those institutions, and the...
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...How Does Leaders Communication Style in Multinational Organization Impact Upon the Achieving of Goals Table of Contents Introduction 3 Universal Leadership in Multinational Companies 4 Interpersonal Acumen and Leadership Communication in MNCs 4 Various Dimensions of Societal Culture and Effective Leadership 5 Cross-Cultural Dimensions of Leadership Communication in Achieving Goals 9 Recognition of Cross-Cultural Leadership for Attaining Goals 9 Conclusion 10 References 12 Introduction Business scenario at present is changing. This change in business environment has been dealt from different aspects in the form of emerging markets, globalization, exponential rate of change, different competitors, new technologies and many such. In short, it is to be identified that all these aspects lead to development of the concept called multiculturalism. Multiculturalism surely affects multinational companies and ultimately people and business worldwide. Due to changing business environment considerable changes in leadership communication styles have also taken place to cope up with the dynamic market trends. There had been a significant change in management and control focus to that of alignment focus. Also, significant change has occurred in the communication styles as different modes of communication and system of close interaction between the management and the rest of the organization are being introduced. As an inevitable consequence, the culture in multinational...
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...However, given the prevalence of skin cancer in today’s society (Abroms et al, 2003), more action-oriented strategies are needed to transcend past knowledge and straight to intervention. In order to implement these strategies, attitudes towards sun protective behaviours must be challenged (Kristjansson, Ullen & Helgason, 2004). The theory of planned behaviour (TPB; Ajzen, 1991) has often been used to explain the relationship between one’s behaviour to use sun protective measure and their intentions. The TPB facilitates that social factors, perceived barriers/control and attitudes all play a role in deciding whether certain behaviours will be performed (Ajzen, 1991; Hardeman et al, 2002). Many studies have adapted the TPB to predict participant’s intentions to use sun protective measures...
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...MGMT 501 Paper Assignment Topic The paper should focus on a specific behavioral sciences issue related to the topics covered in the course. The course and textbook present an array of topics from which to choose. For example, topics that fall within the domain of motivation, leadership, group dynamics, organizational culture, and job satisfaction, to name a few, are important, broad areas that have been the subject of much research and discussion in the study of behavior in organizations. When working with such broad topic areas, it is important to narrow the focus of the paper to a specific model or approach. Topics such as the labor market for IT workers, changing demographics in the workforce, or the prevalence of downsizing in the U.S., while interesting, do not necessarily qualify as course-related organizational behavior topics. However, organizational commitment of downsized employees, or motivational strategies for the management of generation Xers, etc., may well be appropriate topics for this course paper. Students may work with a partner (or even a small interest group), and this partnership entails sharing a general topic area and several research references. However, each student should determine his or her own perspective on the topic. For example, one student in a pair can take one position on a paper, while the other adopts an opposing stance (i.e., point-counterpoint). Or one student can research one component of a larger topic, while the other...
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...IBM’s International Assignment in India ------------------------------------------------- Executive Summary Despite years of war and economic setbacks, India has emerged as one of the world’s most promising emerging markets. Many international firms have sought to gain a foothold in India for two reasons. One reason is to target a massive market with the fourth largest purchasing power in the world, and another is to utilize a seemingly abundant supply of low cost yet skilled English speaking labor. IBM is one of these companies and has seen great success in India in the past decades. IBM’s Indian subsidiary now earns 30% of the company’s total revenue, but recent changes in both India and IBM present a new set of challenges for the company’s continued presence in India. This paper seeks to identify these challenges and offer potential solutions to how IBM can continue to grow their highly profitable operations in India. Vivek Sahay Roni Sims Hank Scurry Nidhi Prakash Spoorthi Purumala India Overview With the world’s fourth largest GDP in purchasing power parity and second largest population base, India has been a popular market in the past two decades, particularly in the IT sector. The country has undergone a lot of growth in the past century. After becoming independent from British rule in 1947, the subcontinent underwent a period of violence, including two wars with Pakistan and one with China. The last war ended in 1971; however, tensions with both the countries remain...
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...10 Combination HIV Prevention: Tailoring and Coordinating Biomedical, Behavioural and Structural Strategies to Reduce New HIV Infections A UNAIDS Discussion Paper UNAIDS – JC2007 (English original, September 2010) © Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS) 2010. All rights reserved. Publications produced by UNAIDS can be obtained from the UNAIDS Content Management Team. Requests for permission to reproduce or translate UNAIDS publications—whether for sale or for noncommercial distribution— should also be addressed to the Content Management Team at the address below, or by fax, at +41 22 791 4835, or e-mail: publicationpermissions@unaids.org. The designations employed and the presentation of the material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of UNAIDS concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. The mention of specific companies or of certain manufacturers’ products does not imply that they are endorsed or recommended by UNAIDS in preference to others of a similar nature that are not mentioned. Errors and omissions excepted, the names of proprietary products are distinguished by initial capital letters. All reasonable precautions have been taken by UNAIDS to verify the information contained in this publication. However, the published material is being distributed without warranty of any...
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...Nuances in Bulgarian business culture in comparison with the United Kingdom’s Course work in Cross-cultural issues in the European Human Resource Management Prepare by: Dimitar Arnaudov, Faculty number: 1523078 Course: European business and Finances Sofia, 2015 1. Differences between national cultures. Authors, studies, etc. 2.1. Culture (def.); Culture differences. 1.1.1 Culture – def.; 1.1.2 Culture differences. 1.1 Authors and studies related to business culture. 1.2.1 Geert Hofstede; 1.2.2 Famous studies around the World. 2. Similarities and differences between the business cultures of Bulgaria and the United Kingdom. 2.1. Bulgarian business culture; 2.2. British business culture in comparison to Bulgaria’s . 3. References. Differences between national cultures. Authors, studies, etc. Culture (definition) and culture differences Culture illustrates the accepted norms and values and traditional behaviour of a group. One definition of culture by Deal and Kennedy is “the way a we do things around here”. However, culture also evolves over time. The culture of each country has its own beliefs, values and activities. In other words culture can be defined as an evolving set of collective beliefs, values and attitudes. Culture is a key component in business and has an impact on the strategic direction of business. Culture influences management...
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...MANAGING EXPATRIATE FOR AN INTERNATIONAL ASSIGNMENT Referring to the case study, there are gaps identified in the Kline & Associate international human resources management practices in terms of expatiate management. Before sending an employee to an international assignment there are certain skills an employee must acquire and it is the duty for the HRM of the firm to prepare the employee for any international assignment. However this was not done by Kline & and Associate before sending Fred Bailey to Tokyo which caused the culture shock and the challenges faced by Fred and his family in Japan. Firms use a variety of HR practices to manage their expatriates (Mendenhall et al., 1987; Brewster and Scullion, 1997). As successful expatriate assignments are indispensable to MNCs for strategy implementation, researchers and practitioners alike are interested in determining how to facilitate the success of expatriates’ assignments (Stroh and Caligiuri, 1998; Dowling and Welch, 2004; Scullion and Collings, 2006). However, MNCs differ on the extent to which these practices are used in managing expatriates (Tung, 1982; Kopp, 1994; Peterson et al., 1996; Scullion and Starkey, 2000) and how effectively they are designed (Mendenhall et al., 1987). According to Adler and Ghadar (1990), expatriate management practices, namely who the firm considers as possible expatriates, how the firm selects and trains them, what criteria the firm uses to assess their performance, and what impact the...
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...TABLE OF CONTENTS Abstract................................................................................ 2 1.0 Introduction........................................................................... 3 2.0 Literature supporting issues...................................................... 7 3.0 Literature not supporting issues................................................ 12 4.0 Discussion............................................................................. 17 5.0 Conclusion............................................................................. 26 6.0 References............................................................................ 28 . ABSTRACT This study is based upon research previously that have been investigates and studied. Therefore the previous study will be main reference and it will state on literatures review, and then will be discussed in this study. The literature supporting issue suggest that women often have great success in performing their expatriates’ assignments than men and the literature not supporting issue will discuss about advantages over male side rather than women in expatriates assignments. These both literature issues will be discuss and compare on details in perspectives expatriate gender between male and female. The previous study have found, suggest that women often have great success in performing their foreign assignments, certain have stated that women and men performance expatriates equally same and also...
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...the psychology Welcome & Introduction If your reading this your studying for AQA A Psychology Psya3 and the Relationship topic is one of the ones you have chosen. Its a wise move I think as its one of the easier ones to learn. I generally advise picking something you can relate to because you have some grounding for it as opposed to learning whole new concepts or ways of thinking on subject matter thats completely foreign. It tends to save you time in getting your head around things. A bit about me - My name is Sajan Devshi and I self-taught myself AQA A A Level Psychology between 2011-2012 achieving an A* grade and 100% in both Psya3 & Psya4. You can check out my certificate on my website at http://www.loopa.co.uk as well as get my other model answers too for the other topics in Psya3 and Psya4. But enough about me - you can learn about me in more depth on my website - lets get on with the show and onto the the overview of this topic, structuring and the model answers themselves too. S ECTION 1 Memorising Your Model Answers This is going to be pretty much your hardest task and with the help of this book hopefully it becomes more manageable. People have various ways they memorise things and it is entirely up to you. Memorising Essays U SING A CRONYMS + P RACTICE The method of memorising the essays is the same across all my model essay answers. I employ the concept of “chunking” alongside the use of “acronyms”. Combined this helped me memorise ...
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...The Use of Irony in Pride and Prejudice by Jane Austen: “The most unlearned and uninformed female who ever dared to be an Authoress” Irony serves as a fundamental literary tool for authors. It enables them to express their themes and views through characters whose words are often inconsistent with their actions, and in situations where the intended result differs from the actual result. Irony works in a clever manner by showing the reader what the author wants to express by making these inconsistencies apparent to the reader, if not to the characters themselves, and exposing it, more often than not, in a satiric fashion. Yet, while irony works with satire, the power it holds for those who wield it well is no laughing matter. Famous writers such as the sardonic H.L. Mencken and Jonathan Swift, a true satiric master, have used irony to promote real, legitimate change. In Swift’s case, his famous piece, “A Modest Proposal,” used extreme satire and irony to promote change in Irish policy. Perhaps the greatest satirist of all time, William Shakespeare used irony in almost every piece he created. In his play Julius Caesar, the speech he has Mark Antony give in which he repeats the phrase “but Brutus is an honorable man” when he is trying to convey the exact opposite serves as a truly timeless example of this literary tool. It is unique in that it does not simply throw the author’s point of view directly in the reader’s face, but rather enables the reader to discover the author’s...
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...ATTITUDE AND INFERTILITY Infertility can have a serious impact on both the psychological well-being and the social status of women in the developing world. As a result of their infertile status, they suffer physical and mental abuse, neglect, abandonment, economic deprivation and social ostracism as well as exclusion from certain social activities and traditional ceremonies. This becomes particularly traumatic with previous pregnancies that end in abortions, stillbirths and neonatal/infant deaths or in live births of daughters only. A survey conducted in Southern Ghana revealed that the majority (64%) of women felt stigmatized, and that higher levels of perceived stigma were associated with increased infertility-related stress as well as lower levels of education, (Donkor and Sandall J., 2007). Insufficient family income, poor quality of life, life stress, and discontentment with daily routines as well as ‘bad’ relationships with family members (husband, mother- and father-in-law) are significant correlates of female infertility. Infertile women are more likely to underestimate the importance of sexual intimacy, and have a negative attitude towards sex, (Schmidt, 2010). Female infertility is associated with various social correlates leading to higher remarriage rates and to further complicating the problem of infertility. Thus, a correction of women’s basic attitudes and their relationships to their surrounding social habitat should be an essential component of any program...
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