...The Principal Objectives of Punishment Esther Sanchez CJ 230 09-20-14 Steve Nance Abstract These writing analysis will cover the state and federal objectives of punishment. It will also cover the state and federal corrections systems. And it would cover the determinate and indeterminate sentencing. It would also cover the model that I feel it was more appropriate and will have some examples. Principal objectives of punishment within the U.S. corrections system: Everyday many people attend court because of some criminal act they did. Everyday judges have to review all cases before deciding any sentence. The punishment of a felony is incarceration of a year or more. Misdemeanors are a little shorter, it can be incarceration of a year a less. For repetitive offenders they have something called three strikes law. The judges have many sentencing categories from where to choose. They have economic sanction where the individuals pay a fine or do community service to pay for the crime they committed. There is probation where they are let out to society but are supervised 24/7, which is what most of the judges give to first time offenders. There is also intermediate sanctions that are either imprisonment or probation, it might depend on the crime or the judge. Short term confinement which is a year or less in jail and then there is imprisonment which is a year or more...
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...hypothesis justice examination Within some of the most flourishing societies, Justice is handled with an offender is obtaining punishment. So that the public, within society, can live and humanity and be safeguarded from the criminals. Although in actuality, the people that committed these crimes obtain punishments, which is below what justice demands which by doing that cheats people that are not criminals. In this paper, it will discuss what a few, of the standards of justice speculations, are. Clarify how the standards of these hypotheses vary from conventional utilitarianism, how is justice characterized by current criminal justice organizations and different entities included in the criminal justice framework, how can this change from security. Therefore, that it will help better identify, with the theory of justice analysis and it importances to society and the criminal justice system. The principles of justice theories “Rawls discussed in his theory that libertarianism, also fairness from justice (Souryal S.S, 2015).” He pays attention, to the theoretical model so that Rawls can explain his type of justice. Within the hypnotically from people are mandatory, to pick the primary beliefs of the essential institution of a given civilization. The outcomes options created; from the public within a civilization will each be just also equal. The two primary beliefs are differences also equal liberty. Principles of equal liberty say that every...
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...IIBM Institute of Business Management Subject Code-B-103 Financial Management Section A: Objective Type (30 marks) ================================================================================= Part one: Multiple choices: 1. a. Job involvement 2. d. self disclosure 3. b. Distributive bargaining 4. b. Interpersonal skill 5. d. Reward power 6. b. Unfreezing 7. a. Sensitivity 8. c. Artifacts 9. b. The Pre-arrival stage 10. d. Leadership style ================================================================================= Part Two: ================================================================================= 1. Informal groups. A group that evolves out of the formal organization but is not formed by management or shown in the organization's structure. An organization’s informal groups are groups that evolve to meet social or affiliation needs by bringing people together based on shared interests or friendship. Thus, informal groups are alliances that are neither formally structured nor organizationally determined. These groups are natural formations in the work environment that appear in response to the need for social contact. Many factors explain why people are attracted to one another. One explanation is simply proximity; when people work near one another every day, they are likely to form friendships. That likelihood is even greater when people also share similar attitudes, personalities, or economic status. A group consist...
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...Bloom's verbs and matching assessment types. The verbs are intended to be feasible and measurable. Bloom's Taxonomy is a classification of learning objectives within education proposed in 1956 by a committee of educators chaired by Benjamin Bloom who also edited the first volume of the standard text, Taxonomy of educational objectives: the classification of educational goals[1] (referred to as simply "the Handbook" below). Although named for Bloom, the publication followed a series of conferences from 1949 to 1953, which were designed to improve communication between educators on the design of curricula and examinations.[2][3] It refers to a classification of the different objectives that educators set for students (learning objectives). Bloom's Taxonomy divides educational objectives into three "domains": Cognitive, Affective, and Psychomotor (sometimes loosely described as knowing/head, feeling/heart and doing/hands respectively). Within the domains, learning at the higher levels is dependent on having attained prerequisite knowledge and skills at lower levels.[4] A goal of Bloom's Taxonomy is to motivate educators to focus on all three domains, creating a more holistic form of education.[1] A revised version of the taxonomy was created in 2000.[5][6][7] Bloom's Taxonomy is considered to be a foundational and essential element within the education community as evidenced in the 1981 survey Significant writings that have influenced the curriculum: 1906-1981, by H.G. Shane and the...
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...laws as well as punish criminals. Throughout this paper I will discuss the history of punishment and how prisons were developed. The impact and involvement of prison labor overtime and the Pennsylvania and Auburn system. History of Punishment Penology the study of punishment evolved in the 1950s. During this rehabilitation replaced the punishment of offenders and became the main objective. Also during this time the term penology was replaced by the term corrections. Corrections is defined as the supervision and monitoring of offenders, the secure holdings of inmates in prisons, and the treatment of problems such as drug addiction, mental illness and other services (Seiter, 2014, “Chapter 1, The History of Crimes and Corrections, What is Corrections?”). In the eighteen century an Italian theorist founded the classical school of criminology. His first theory of crime causation was linked to appropriate punishments. “Beccaria suggested that the purpose of punishment is utility or the prevention of crime. Included in his principles are that crime is an injury to society, that prevention is more important than punishment, that the accused have the right to speedy trials and humane treatment, that there should be no secret accusations or torture, that certainty and swiftness of punishment (more than severity) best deter crime, and that imprisonment should be more wisely used as a punishment” (Seiter, 2014, “Chapter 1, The History of Crimes and Corrections, Theories of Crime and...
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...we speak in terms of Civil or Common Law traditions, certain characteristics can generally be said to apply to each in a common manner. These characteristics describe laws as being general and impersonal, obligatory, coercive and non retroactive.[2] We may attempt to summarize this notion by stating that law, no matter its origin, applies equally to each and every individual or citizen in a given society at a given time. Seemingly easy to understand, we must not fool ourselves to think that law is simple by nature. It is filled with nuances, definitions, interpretations, jurisdictions that often warrant separate applications to different people, thus challenging the very foundation of the above mentioned guiding principles. One legal principle that seems to fall within this general predicament is that of retribution and compensation. The idea is that when an individual or entity causes harm or damage to another, the former is obliged to restitute and compensate the latter for the damages that were caused. For example, in civil law, article 1457 of the Quebec Civil Code[3] states clearly that “where he is endowed with reason and fails in this duty, he is responsible for any injury he causes to another person by such fault and is liable to reparation for the injury…” More precisely stated in Common Law, “damages for any tort are or ought to be fixed at a sum which will compensate the plaintiff so far as money can do it, for all the injury he has suffered.”[4] The design here is...
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...Utilitarian And Kantian Concept Of Punishment Print this Table of Contents S. No. | Content | Page No. | | Introduction | 3. | | Research Methodology | 4. | | Chapter 1: Utility of Punishment | 6. | | Chapter 2: Retributive Justice And Legitimacy | 10. | | Chapter 3: Can Capital Punishment Be Justified | 13 | | Chapter 4: Finding A Middle Way | 15. | | Conclusion | 17. | | Bibliography | 18. | Introduction Punishment entails the intentional infliction of pain or some type of deprivation in an institutionalized form that individuals would generally prefer to avoid. This requires justification to be morally acceptable. Attempts to provide justification for infliction of punishment are made by various punishment theories. Punishment theories generally can be separated into a handful of philosophical camps—consequentialist theories, non-consequentialist theories, and mixed (or hybrid) theories that contain both consequentialist and non-consequentialist elements. What distinguishes these theories is their focus and goals: Consequentialist theories are forward-looking, concerned with the future consequences of punishment; non-consequentialist theories are backward-looking, interested solely in past acts and mental states; and mixed theories are both forward- and backward-looking, with each hybrid placing a different emphasis on culpable past conduct versus future consequences. The present paper will briefly examine the two dominant consequentialist and...
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...Introduction In this assignment I am going to discuss the purpose and functions of the Youth Justice System. I will start by exploring the build up to the legislations that underpins the Youth Justice System which is the Crime and Disorder Act 1998. I will also discuss the purpose and functions of Youth Justice System and how my role contributes to their declared objectives. Finally I will conclude by indicating the effectiveness of the Youth Justice System. Discussion In 1996 a report was published by the Audit Commission titled Misspent Youth: Young People and Crime. An investigation was performed as there were concerns about the way the youth justice system was operating; the system was found to be “Inefficient” and “ineffective” in addressing youth crime. To create a solution to the recognised problems brought to light from Misspent Youth, a White Paper titled No More Excuses was proposed in 1997. Following the recommendations submitted by No more Excuses, this paper provided the groundwork for the Crime and Disorder Act 1998 Crime and Disorder Act 1998 stipulated that ‘It shall be the principle aim of the youth justice system to prevent offending by children and young persons’ Section 37(1). The act brought about a number of provisions, such as creation of the Youth justice Board (YJB). The YJB was established to observe and supervise the Youth Justice System for England and Wales, to focus on prevention of offending and reoffending for adolescents and...
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...Managing People and Organisations Organisations When you think of the term organisation it suggests a structure and a purpose. Let’s will consider business organisations you are familiar with, focusing on their structure and purpose! The Organisation There are different types of Organisation: Self-employed Private Limited Companies Public Limited Companies Voluntary Organisations Charities Public Corporations Government-funded service providers Local Authority-funded providers Organisations Every organisation is made up of functions Examples: Finance Human Resources (Personnel) Operations (the making or doing) Sales and Marketing Management How do you build an organisation? Using the areas of its functions Example: Finance The area of business that deals with money Money can be stock, shares, employee wages, buildings and contents, buying and selling Area of considerable power and can tell how a business is performing Human Resources/ Personnel People! Area of business that deals with people such as: Pay Recruitment and Selection Training Contracts of employment Disciplinary/ Grievance Operations The “doing” Operations covers the areas of business that perform the tasks of the business such as: Building Developing new ideas Production plants Sales and Marketing This area of the business is the sales The costs of end product to make a profit (Private Sector) or deliver a service (Public Sector) Responsible...
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...Week One Journal Objective You will outline and explain ethical theories and then apply that knowledge to how organizations would function were they to adopt those ethical principles. In addition, you will also examine punishments for corporations and present your own ideas about the relationship between ethical demands on business entities vs. those on individuals in society. Instructions In this assignment you will reflect on the topics of Week One and apply them to an analysis of ethical paradigms. You will be asked to respond to two prompts below. The first asks you to explain three of the ethical philosophies you encountered in Chapter 1 of Introduction to Business Ethics, and then determine how companies that abide by these policies would act. In the second prompt, you will be asked to explain various punishments that can be given to corporations and the behaviors that are ethically dangerous to corporations. Please answer all questions in detail. Because this journal is worth 5% of your final grade, there is a high expectation for your participation. Grades for the journals are based on content, critical engagement, quality of reflection, and detail. Please submit the completed journal via the Assignment Basket found in the Week One Journal tab on the left navigation toolbar by Day 7. Organizations Select a Not-For Profit and a For Profit organization you would like to study. These will be the organizations that you will be focusing on throughout...
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...15P192 Divya Gulati 15P201 Rahul Kasera 15P221 Soumitra Joysula 15P231 Values & Ethics in Organizations Values & Ethics in Organizations Contents 1. Background 1 2. The Concept of Ethics and Values 1 2.1. Values 1 2.2. Ethics 1 2.3. Role of Leadership in Organizational Ethics and Values formation 1 2.3.1 Moral Spill-over Effect 1 2.4. Organisational Ethics 1 2.4.1 Basic Elements of Organizational Ethics 1 3 Motivation theories for building ethical organisations 1 3.1 Stakeholder Theory 1 3.2 Intrinsic and Extrinsic Motivation 1 3.3 Incentive Theory 1 3.3.1 Reinforcements in Incentive Theory 1 3.4 Operant Conditioning Theory 1 3.4.1 Modifying Operant Behaviour: Reinforcements and Punishments 1 3.4.2 Operant conditioning for changing human behaviour 1 4 Industry Practices 1 5 Values & Ethics: A Cross-Cultural Perspective 1 5.1 Considerations for Evaluating Values of another Culture 1 5.2 Comparison of business cultures between China and USA 1 6 Case Analysis 1 6.1 NAICOM may sanction operators on unethical practices in insurance 1 6.2 Unethical and unauthorized medical practice - an alarming situation 1 6.3 Analysis and Recommendations 1 7 Conclusions 1 8 References 1 1. Background We end up in a century loaded with corporate embarrassments because of untrustworthy practices of corporate administrators over the globe. Outrages, for example, that of Enron, WorldCom,...
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...included open dialogues about issues raised in the employee survey and answers to employee questions during live events. In total, 10,000 employees attended the communication sessions. Webcast replays, transcripts and written summaries of all major employee events are posted on HP’s Intranet for employees to access. Each meeting in 2007 reached an average of 4,500 managers and 15,000 employees. Senior managers also hold similar events across regions. Currently, every quarter, HP CEO holds an all-manager and all-employee meeting where she provides an update on company performance, recognize outstanding contributions and answer employee questions. ii) Setting Goals HP uses the Management By Objectives (MBO) methodology. HP uses a standard performance tool to manage goals within the organization across the globe, and track progress. 1. How to set effective goals The tool governs the way goals are set. HP stresses on the importance of the goals to be SMART...
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...reasoning. Through an evaluation of my collected works, I will attempt to show an improvement in the areas of analytical skill building, knowledge acquisition, and practical application that are the key objectives of this class. The objective of these three skill areas was to help us better understand how to think ethically and to understand why others think the way they do and how to come to a better understanding of a difference of opinions on various subjects. Analytical Skills Analytical skill building helps to improve your critical reading, writing and thinking skills. In unit 2 Case Study B, I evaluated a situation where an employee was upset with his employer’s treatment of its employees. In analyzing the situation, I was able to come to an understanding of how best the company should respect Mr. Lopez’s rights and moral dignity as an employee by using consequential reasoning: A company should take whatever steps necessary to respect the rights and moral dignity of its employees. As a business organization, a company should consider that their employees are the foundation of their enterprise and the way they are respected and treated within the organization will have a direct reflection in productivity. Expectations and guidelines should be clearly stated within the corporate code of conduct and ethics policy...
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... Did it work? To a certain extent, yes. Many organizations flourished and matured based on this model. Does it have flaws? Many. And while historical circumstances attenuated them in time, today’s environment amplifies and exposes them at an accelerated rate. Is there a better way? Yes, but it is not simple. It requires a change at multiple levels, from the underlying philosophy of performance, to mentalities and processes. This is not easy. Over time, the use of Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) became synonym to performance measurement and management. KPIs are the link between the old and the new in performance management. Their use, however, is much richer and rewarding in an environment based on organic performance architecture principles: Organizations are echo-systems in their own right. They...
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...Examination Paper Semester I: Organizational Behaviour IIBM Institute of Business Management IIBM Institute of Business Management Semester-1 Examination Paper MM.100 Organizational Behaviour Section A: Objective Type (30 marks) This section consists of Multiple Choice & Short Notes type Questions. Answer all the questions. Part One carries 1 mark each & Part two carries 5 marks each. Part one: Multiple choices: 1. It is the degree to which a person identifies with a particular organization and its goals, & wishes to maintain membership in the organization a. Job involvement b. Terminal value c. Attitude d. Value a. Job involvement 2. _________ means moving information from the hidden area to the open area a. blind area b. unknown area c. public area d. self disclosure d. self disclosure 3. An approach in which the goals of one party are in direct conflict with the goals of the other party a. Negotiation b. Distributive bargaining c. Stress d. None Ans. Negotiations 4. The measure of a person’s ability to operate within business organizations through social communication & interactions a. Transactional analysis b. Interpersonal skill c. Life position d. Johari window Ans. b. interpersonal skill 5. Where the source of power is in person’s control over rewarding outcomes, that power is called a. Coercive power b. Referent power c. Legitimate power d. Reward power Ans. d. Reward power Examination...
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