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The Reasons for the Fall of Rome

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Chemistry Revision

Hazard Symbols

States of Matter
As heat is added to a solid the particles start to vibrate more and more vigorously. Eventually when it reaches its melting point the particles have enough energy to break their bonds and melt into a liquid. As it is cooled energy is taken away so the particles vibrate less and if a liquid or gas the bonds become stronger and so it freezes or condenses. In the case of a solid it becomes less flexible.
Particles in a solid vibrate around their equilibrium but don’t move and keep a rigid shape with their bonds intact. Liquid particles are similar but have more energy so vibrate faster and have more fluidity. Gas particles have no bonds and move around very quickly

Structure of an atom

|Particle |Where? |Mass |Charge |
|Proton |Nucleus |1 |1+ |
|Neutron |Nucleus |1 |0 |
|Electron |Energy Levels |1/1840 |1- |

Atomic/Proton Number – Number of protons (small number)
Mass Number – Sum of protons and neutrons
Mass Num – Atomic Num = Number of neutrons
Number of protons = number of electrons

ELECTRONS • Held on energy levels • First level can only hold 2 electrons • After the first the rest of the energy levels can hold 8 • Electrons heavily influence the chemical properties of an element
Electrolytes are substances that conduct electricity when molten or in solution (ionic)

ISOTOPES • An atom with the same number of protons but a

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