...On The Road – Langston Hughes “On the Road” is a short story which focuses on the difficult integration of an African-American boy called Sargeant. Through the story, he tries to find a place to stay for the night but faces racial discrimination. At first, he goes to a house but unfortunately the owner, Mr. Dorset shuts the door and does not want to hear about Sargeant’s story. He then turns himself to a church but the doors are locked, so he knocks the door down and the church finally falls down. After that, he dreams about walking with Jesus and ends up very confused in jail. In the story, the major theme is racism and it is expressed by the writer through literary techniques and devices such as symbolism and imagery. At the beginning of the story, Sargeant is walking on a cold night of winter and does not notice the snow. He does not even see the white and flaky snow falling against the night. When Mr. Dorset shuts the door, it represents how he is not accepted and it demonstrates how he is unwelcome from the white people. At that point, he starts sensing the snow. It means that he begins to feel the oppression of the whites on him. Consequently, it is easily remarkable that Langston Hughes wanted the snow to represent racism and racial discrimination. As the story goes on, Sargeant finds himself in front of a church and would like to enter by the door to have a place where to sleep for the night. Sargeant tries to step through the door and enter the church but white...
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...Leaders for social and political change Michelle Clark WGU Themes in U.S. and World History GKE August 1, 2013 Leaders for social and political change Over the course of history, there have been many battle stories, both political and social of how nations have become what we know today. Among these stories are those of social injustices, hatred, and racism, as well as personal and political struggles. From the many injustices our predecessors have overcome, leaders have emerged. Individuals who will forever be revered by millions and will hopefully continue to inspire our youth. Nelson Mandela and Reverend Martin Luther King Jr. are two leaders that have greatly impacted not only their country, but the world. Both of these leaders had a significant impact on the people of their cause, both in a political aspect as well as for social change. In 1948, The White Nationalist Party empowered South Africa, instituting apartheid in an attempt to ensure white domination, control over the economy and its social systems. There were three racial categories for South Africa; Whites, Colored (mostly Indians or Asians, or multiracial), and Blacks (African decent). Non-white people were impoverished, humiliated, and oppressed. Black people were required to live in rural areas and carry a passbook containing their fingerprints, photo and information on access to non-black areas. If they were caught without a passbook, severe penalties ensued. On March 21, 1960, a group marched...
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...equality and the equality of the black community as a whole. The bus boycott in Montgomery, Alabama was one of the first acts demonstrated by Martin Luther King Jr. King and minister Ralph Abernathy urged African Americans to boycott city buses. The Montgomery Improvement Association was formed and the boycott spanned over a year, until the bus company succumbed and desegregated buses in Montgomery (“Martin Luther King Jr.”). The “Sit-in” movement began in Greensboro, N.C. African American students protested segregation at city lunch counters. The movement spread throughout North Carolina, South Carolina, Tennessee, and Virginia. The sit-ins succeeded in ending segregation at 27 lunch counters in the south. King and 36 others were arrested when they walked into a department store in Atlanta known for segregation. Atlanta’s mayor dropped the charges, but King was imprisoned for violating his probation (“Martin Luther King Jr.”). The idea of Freedom riders was to, “put sit-ins on the road”. Young African-Americans would ride interstate buses through the south to test federal law. Buses were burned and flipped by resisting whites. A group called the Albany Movement, staged sit-ins and boycotts in Albany, Georgia. Martin led these marches all over Albany (“Martin Luther King Jr.”: Bader 48-52). Martin used these non-violent throughout the civil rights movement. Martin Luther King Jr. had a significant role in the civil rights movement. The “I have a dream speech” rocketed Martin Luther...
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...Suburban, Urban, and Rural life in America in the 1950s History 102: American History since 1877 Professor Brian Webber 10 July 2015 American Military University Suburban, Urban, and Rural life in America in the 1950s America has seen its fare shares of ups and downs throughout history. In the 1950's America was just getting back on its feet from the effect of World War II. The American economy benefited greatly by the ending of the war unlike Japan and the Europeans who were still picking up the pieces. The American economy began to sore in the 1950's from suburban build up, to the job market and financial stability. Some of the most life changing things that happened in American were the suburban, urban and rural living of Americans all across the United States. Suburban development happened to be one of the biggest economic changes America has every seen. It paved the way to many things such as the extensive roadways that were built throughout the nation and families branching out to a different type of living. Suburban living in the 1950's was defined as a “ good life emerged with exceptional distinctness a high value on consumption, a preference for suburban living, and a devotion to family and domesticity.”(Henretta, 798). Much of the suburban lifestyle was something that the working poor, elderly, and immigrants could not afford at that point in time and soon would suffer from. One of the first innovative moves that pushed American along into more of a suburban...
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...origin of the war revolved around the pressing issue of slavery, especially the expansion of slavery into the western territories. In 1865, after four years of bloodshed that left over 600,000 Confederate and Union soldiers dead, the Confederacy collapsed and much of the south’s infrastructure had been destroyed. The Civil War had come to an end. Slavery was abolished and the difficult process of restoring national unity and guaranteeing civil rights to the freed slaves began. This period is noted in history as the Reconstruction Era. Working towards a progressive tomorrow, the American Civil War marked the start of a dramatic shift in America’s thinking. At the start of the Reconstruction Era (post Civil War), the South was left torn apart. Roads and houses needed to be rebuilt and the people needed assistance. From 1863 to 1865, presidents Andrew Johnson and Abraham Lincoln took adequate steps designed solely for the purpose of bringing the South back to a level of economic stability. Radical Republicans consisted of American politicians within the Republican Party. They supported the rights of African Americans to vote, hold political office, and have the same economic and legal freedoms and opportunities as the whites. During the whole of the Reconstruction Period two ideas were constantly agitating the minds of the coloured people, or at least, the minds of a large part of the race. One of these was the craze for Greek and Latin learning, and the other was a desire to hold ...
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...Hate Crimes Against African-American Tonja Charletta Cash 4/29/12 Hate Crimes Against African Americans Two African-American, 16 year old girls were walking home from a school function. They were walking through a predominately white neighborhood. One was wearing her school cheerleading outfit and the other was wearing a hoodie, and it was covering her head. Which one will be racially profiled? Hate crimes happen in small towns and large cities. They happen in every state: north, south, east, and west. They involve everything from simple graffiti to brutal murders. They may be called hate crimes, bias crimes, civil rights crimes, or ethnic intimidation. Hate crimes are crimes committed because of the race, releigion, sexual orientation, or other group memebership of the victim. The precise groups that are included in the definition of hate crime vary from jurisdiction to jurisdiction. African-Americans have been targeted for generations. There have been many white against black crimes, and police against black crimes. Has there been any improvement in the last 50 years? Racially motivated attacks agaist African-Americans rose more than 8% in 2008. While crimes...
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...Final Project Report Review/Updating Master Plan and Preparation of DPR for Solid Waste Management Plan for Bhopal city Submitted to: Bhopal Municipal Corporation (BMC) Prepared by: SENES Consultants India Pvt. Ltd. March 2012 Detailed Project Report – Review/Updating Master Plan & Preparation of DPR for SWM Plan for Bhopal city Table of Contents 1.0 1.1 1.2 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 INTRODUCTION .........................................................................................................1 Objectives of Study........................................................................................................ 1 Scope of Work ............................................................................................................... 2 DESCRIPTION OF STUDY AREA .............................................................................3 Demographic Features ................................................................................................... 6 Population Projections ................................................................................................... 6 Economy ........................................................................................................................ 7 Land use ......................................................................................................................... 7 ASSESSMENT OF EXISTING SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM ..........8 Sources of Waste...
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...World War II through the 1970s Miguel A. Jarquin HIS 105 Professor Simmons August 25, 2013 World War II through the 1970s Major historical turning points World War II one of the most devastating event in human history. It cost the lives of millions of people. During World War II through the 1970s, there were many major historical turning points. (Ganzel, 2010) “October 24, 1945 the United Nations was established. It was the second multipurpose international organization created in the 20th century. The United States, United Kingdom and the Soviet Union took direction in designing, structure and decision making of the new organization”(P.1). With a worldwide membership and scope, the purpose of the United Nations was to maintain security and peace among countries, as well as working on developing friendly relations. According to the United Nations Charter, it aims: “to save succeeding generations from the scourge of war to reaffirm faith in fundamental human rights to establish conditions under which justice and respect for the obligations arising from treaties and other sources of international law can be maintained, and to promote social progress and better standards of life in larger freedom.” Another turning point was the creation of The North Atlantic Treaty Organization also known as NATO was established by military alliance on April 4, 1949. Its quest was to develop a counterweight to Soviet armies. (Ganzel, 2010) “Original NATO members were Belgium...
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...if the incomes of parents and their children are distinct. Can children of poor parents become rich? It looks as though the American Dream is far more likely to remain a mirage for Americans than it is for citizens residing in other countries. A larger disparity of results seems to make it effortless for wealthy parents to leave their advantages. While income differences have expanded in the USA as well as Britain, social mobility has slowed up. Bigger incomes contrasts can make it tougher to attain opportunity fairness because they amplify social class segregation and possibly bigotry. Willie James Williams Sr. Willie James Williams Sr.; born the 3rd child of Frank and Alma Williams on the 4th of July, 1939. He didn’t get to know his father like most sons do, because his father was killed on the train tracks of Sylacauga, Alabama. The cause of death was stated in a report saying Frank fell asleep inebriated on the rail road tracks. The cause of death was and is very suspicious because Frank Williams was a deacon in the church where his Father-in-law was pastor and since Frank Williams had never tasted alcohol in his life; his death is still a mystery. During those times many African Americans were being targeted by the Klan and they were still active in...
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...robber…Went to rob this fellow…pulled out my knife…and he pulled out a gun. Shot me in the chest…I jumped at him with my knife. They told me I killed him…they put me in the penitentiary for fifteen years” (Wilson 55). Troy, a black guy in the Deep South, goes to stealing to feed himself and is ultimately sent to prison for fifteen years after pledging an act of self-protection. That alone can make somebody hostile for his or her whole life. To top it off, Troy cannot chase his dream for baseball because the blacks were prohibited from it. Considering all the troubles of Troy’s life, Frank Rich creates a perfect assessment of Troy’s lingering rage. Rich writes, “the father takes us along every step of his long, tortuous migration to the North - a road that stretched from an impoverished Southern farm through the slums of post-World War I Mobile and a jail cell” (Rich). Many who read Fences may think Troy, a former homeless robber, is a pessimistic old man who needs to get over himself and start treating people better. This viewpoint is flawed because the overall struggle of Troy’s life cannot be easily...
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...Was the legislation that gave African Americans equal rights to ‘whites’ the result of famous, glorified leaders such as Martin Luther King and Lyndon Johnson or was it those who worked behind the scenes, the local groups and individuals, who set the stage for these legal amendments to be possible? The Civil Rights Movement was one of the most significant events in the modern history of the United States that has formed the basis of many of its core values and laws today. The Civil Rights Movement unofficially ended with the passing of the long awaited “1964 Civil Rights Act and the 1965 Voting Rights Act” which legally saw an end to the racial discrimination faced by African Americans. However the historiography of the Civil Rights Movement has “undergone some serious revision” since 1965 as it ‘gained popular appeal.’ Initially the Civil Rights Movement was “romanticized” and considered to be a “heroic narrative of moral purpose and personal courage by which great men and women inspired ordinary people to rise up and struggle for their rights” such as the famed Martin Luther King, who was painted as the ‘driving force behind the movement’ ,President Lyndon Johnson and Kennedy and organisations such as ‘The National Association for the Advancement of Coloured People’ (NAACP) This idea of the federal government, prominent leaders and organisations playing the defining role in the passing of these bills soon became less plausible in the 1970’s and 1980’s as the “second...
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...Native’s American language decrease from 300 to 175 . 2. English become the main language in home, school and work place. E. The relationship between Native Americans and whites. 1. Whits was the newcomers to Native Americans. a) Distrust b) Uneasy truces c) Violent hostilities F. The major issue whose way of life would prevail. 1. European a) Beatings, hangings , and imprisonment. b) The land would be developed further. 2. Native American Natural state, abounding with fish and wildlife. G. Forced relocation of Native American tribes to encourage westward expansion. 1. “Americanization” 2. Segregation and dependence 3. Reduced the Native Americans. 2. Early Encounters I. Introduction A. Difference between culture, knowledge, and lifestyle make first encounters between Native Americans and Europeans B. Columbus’s Ethnocentrism. C. The Native American population began to decline rapidly D. Las...
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...Demetria Brown COM 2010: Intro to Film Term Paper Assignment Spike Lee’s: “Do the Right Thing” Film Analysis: Do the Right Thing Spike Lee's 1989 film, Do the Right Thing is able to effectively explore the problem of racial conflict in America by skillfully manipulating cinematic devices such as staging, narrative, cinematography, editing and sound. The concentration and emphasis on characters' certain physical attributes with the use of photography and camera framing, the fast-pace editing style and manipulation of sound all contribute to film's overall meaning. In analyzing the short sequence beginning with a small girl drawing a chalk painting on the road and ending with Sal, the local pizzeria owner, making Radio Raheem, "a hulking misunderstood home-boy" , two slices of pizza, these devices are seen to illustrate the hostility between Black and Italian working class Americans. The narrative style in this double scene sequence encapsulates the major oppositions at work in the film, which is racial acceptance and alienation. This can be seen in the juxtaposition of two scenes that show Radio Raheem's acceptance of his Black friend Mookie and his rejection and disdain of the White Italian pizzeria owners. The story is told within the course of one day and scenes follow each other sequentially. This particular sequence begins with Mookie treading over the young girl's drawing of a harmonious scene with the sun shining and people smiling, implying to the viewer...
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...Troy Marrow HIST 1540-OL1 November 30, 2014 Jackie Robinson Robinson, Jackie (January 31, 1919 – October 24, 1972) baseball player, civil rights activist was born in Cairo, Georgia the youngest of five children. His parents were Jerry and Mallie Robinson. Mallie Robinson worked several different jobs after her husband Jerry left the family in 1920. At Muir Tech, Robinson played several sports at the varsity level and lettered in four of them: football, basketball, track, and baseball. Robinson attended Pasadena Junior College (PJC), where he continued his athletic career by participating in basketball, football, baseball, and track. After graduating from PJC in spring 1939, Robinson transferred to UCLA, where he became the school's first athlete to win varsity letters in four sports: baseball, basketball, football, and track. Robinson was one of four black football players on the UCLA Bruins football team. Robinson was also the 1940 NCAA Track and Field Champion in the long jump. Ironically baseball was Robinson worst sport at UCLA he only hit .098. While at UCLA, he met his future wife, Rachel Isum. Robinson's eligibility ended at the end of 1941, UCLA asked Robinson to stay and even offered financial support to him. He didn’t have much money, but he turned down the offer respectively. An interesting fact is Robinson never graduated from UCLA. Robinson then became an assistant athletic director with the government's National Youth Administration (NYA) in Atascadero...
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...1920’s. Bessie Smith’s career was cut short by a combination of the Great Depression, which nearly put the recording industry out of business, and the advent of “talkies”, which spelled the end of vaudeville. She never stopped performing, however. While the days of elaborate vaudeville shows were over, she continued touring and occasionally singing in clubs. In 1929, she appeared in a Broadway flop called Pansy, a musical in which top critics said she was the only asset. Bessie was critically injured, September 26, 1937 in a car accident while traveling along U.S. Route 61 between Memphis, Tennessee and Clarksdale, Mississippi. Her common-law husband, Richard Morgan was driving and probably mesmerized by the long stretch of straight road, misjudged the speed of a slow moving truck ahead of him. Two marks at the scene suggested that Morgan tried to avoid the truck by driving around its left side, but he hit the rear of the truck side-on at high speed. The tailgate of the truck sheared off the wooden roof of Bessie old Packard. Bessie, who was in the passenger seat, probably with her right arm or elbow out the window, took the full brunt of the impact. Morgan escaped without injuries. Bessie was taken to Clarksdale’s G.T. Thomas Afro-American Hospital, where her arm was amputated. She died the next morning. Her funeral was held in Philadelphia on October 4, 1937. Her body was originally laid out at Upshur’s Funeral Home. As word of her death spread through Philadelphia’s black...
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