...ITT Tech Gary Sims Jr. a significant change in the paradigm of any discipline or group: “Putting skilled, tenured teachers in failing schools would cause a paradigm shift in teaching and education.” 08 Fall Paradigm Shift A Paradigm Shift is not just a small change in science, or the modification of a theory. It is a scientific revolution and completely changes the way in which science looks at the world. It often dictates how the public looks at the world. A paradigm shift is often the result of scientists working at the fringe of the paradigm, performing research that most other researchers feel is a little misguided, or a dead end. In most instances, this view is correct but, every so often, a scientist has a revelation. More often than not, they feel the weight of scientific and public opinion, and become ridiculed. However, slowly but surely, other scientists try out the research, and a few lost voices in the wilderness increase into a new way of thinking. For example, explorations of chaos theory took a long time to take root, and his ideas were marginalized, because they lay outside the established classical paradigm of physics. Early Chaos Theorists found difficulties in receiving funding, finding supervisors, and finding journals willing to publish their research. Kuhn’s paradigm definition is a little more than a theory, although the terms are often used interchangeably. It is a complete and overall view of a phenomenon, often relying upon some basic principles...
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...from a strengthened social scientific perspective. It is argued that the study of hospitality should be not just for understanding hospitality but also society itself. Such an approach is suggested as both logical and healthy for the subject development with adoption of more critical perspectives on hospitality. The considerable implications of adopting a ‘new’ hospitality research agenda are described with reference to the conceptualization of hospitality, the nature of research and the research community, subject implications including journal publication outlets, and the higher education context. Keywords: Hospitality lens; ‘new’ hospitality; subject development. INTRODUCTION This paper moves beyond any pre-occupation with the vocational roots of hospitality higher education debate as it is considered that that debate has had its day. Rather, the content is framed within the discourse commenced by Kuhn (1962) who argues that the evolution of scientific theory does not emerge from the straightforward accumulation of facts, but rather from a set of changing intellectual circumstances and possibilities. The adoption of Kuhn’s model allows for the charting of hospitality subject development; in itself the ability to do this to reasonable affect attests to the...
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...Transformational Coaching: Much coaching takes place at the behavioural or problem solving level. i.e. The actions needed to solve the clients problem. Such coaching often merely addresses the symptoms of the problem, namely that it is the client’s way of “being” that created the problem in the first place. The client’s world is shaped by their own “paradigm” from which springs their current purpose, values, beliefs, capabilities and behaviours. Their future is usually limited by the mindset and the solutions of the past. Transformational coaching uncovers the root cause of the symptoms the client is experiencing, giving them choice where previously there was none. The client can now choose their own level of success. Transformational coaching not only uncovers a clients way of “being “but empowers and challenges clients to shift interpretations that no longer serve them, offering new ways to align with their dreams. Such new perspectives are transferable to all aspects of the client’s life. I once worked with a Sales Manager in constant conflict with his new sales team. Communication with some members had completely broken down. Through coaching he became aware that “respect” was his highest value and that he only felt respected when his judgment was not questioned. His team of seasoned professionals acting on their own initiative left him feeling “betrayed” and “unloved”. Moreover he viewed his staff as unruly children in need of parental protection and control...
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...Running Head: Implementation and Development Proposal Implementation and Development Proposal Delta R. Bowers LDR 726 Dr. Matthew Reis November 24, 2008 Introduction The purpose of this paper is to propose to senior leadership at the SEI Corporation an employee reward program that could potentially address issues regarding the employees’ dissatisfaction with the organization’s current employee reward structure. A Potential Improvement Points (PIP) Initiative was conducted with SEI’s senior leadership to determine why employees were dissatisfied with the organization and in many cases resigning from the organization. The PIP analysis is a process that is used to get to the major issues that are the foundation for the problems in the organization such that they can be resolved (LaRue, Childs, & & Larson, 2006). Although SEI has been losing contracts and laying off employees, those employees remaining have been dissatisfied with SEI’s employee reward structure for quite some time. The sessions were conducted at a hotel approximately 10 miles from SEI’s headquarters office. The sessions lasted for two days for approximately seven and a half hours. The participants chosen were selected by the President of the company. All participants were extremely expressive and were given an opportunity to share their opinions as to how the organization had spiraled into a rapid downfall. When proposing to implement new policies, products...
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...The Nature of the South’s Global Transformation David August Ask a historian what caused the Roman Empire to begin to collapse. Some will claim that the outsourcing of the Roman army eroded citizens’ proud militaristic ideals, some will blame the distrust in politics that resulted from the corruption of the government, and many will argue one of the multitudes of alternatives. Even on long-debated topics such as the Fall of the Roman Empire, it is nearly impossible to pinpoint an exact cause for cultural shifts, because they happen in complex cause-effect relationships that contribute to an overarching shift. Although the intertwining characteristics of a culture affect one another, it takes time for those effects to take shape and become prevalent enough to warrant recognition as a legitimate cultural shift. In the United States, the Southern culture has changed drastically from its antebellum origins due to globalization. However, due to the South’s historically strong identity, many of the ingrained ideals that stereotype the Southern culture still remain, and in effect, outsiders’ views remain constant. Although globalization is transforming the South’s social and economic principles rapidly, there is a steadfast core that remains at the heart of Southerner’s political ideals due to the strong influence of religion. When defining a region’s culture, there are four prevailing factors of influence: political, religious, social, and economic. Each factor is tied...
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...view of the future, but the ideology of risk management brought about the need to forgo the frivolous waste of resources. The evolution of risk management in its infancy stages derived from the environmental shift that occurred in response to those catastrophic events such as the Great Depression, Three Mile Island, and the devastation of technological failure noted during the launch and disintegration of the Challenger to name a few. Although the ladder that lead to a full paradigm shift in the way in which cause and effect were viewed; the need to gain a better understanding of appropriately managing risk became paramount. Dun and Renner (2008) believed “the strategies to manage risk typically include transferring the risk to another party, avoiding the risk, reducing the negative effect or probability of the risk, or even accepting some or all of the potential or actual consequences of a particular risk.” Prior to the 20th Centuries focus on identifying cause and effect of historically devastating events, the status quo of uncertainty remained. The most noted events of the 20th century that lead to the need for assessing, identifying, and prioritizing risk, allowed organizations to formulate guidelines and/or procedures to identify the root cause and adjust their practices in...
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...has been no significant increase in conflict. Many would argue that clashes between western civilizations and non-western civilizations should be at the top of the list, but this has not been the case either. Conflict and war has occurred since the beginning of man and has been recorded right along religious strife. Conflict occurs for several basic reasons including: an attempt to increase a standard of living, to prevent a decrease in a standard of living, greed-more power and territory, religious idealism, and corrupt governments. When developing an analysis to determine the next confrontation, there are several points that must be considered: relative power of non-state actors; an unprecedented shift in relative wealth and economic power from West to East; continued economic growth-coupled with 1.2 billion more people by 2025; the number of countries with youthful populations; the greater spread of lethal capabilities in the Middle East; and Terrorism. Taking into consideration these factors, I find it difficult to simply pinpoint a...
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...Can innovation solve the economic crisis? Loh Hu 2/18/2013 In this paper, I examine how the theory of technological innovation waves could contribute to solving the ongoing economic crisis. Primarily, my stance remains that innovation in itself is insufficient to solve the economic crisis unless there exists a matching techno-economic paradigm where national, supranational and global efforts are coordinated for a full deployment of technological revolution. Can innovation solve the economic crisis? Background There has been a wide international debate on the causes and possible solutions to the economic crisis that emerged in 2007 – 2008 (Ranga and Etzkowitz 2012). The economic crisis sweeps across the global financial system rapidly and furiously as markets are globally integrated (Gore 2010). Hence, the responses to the global economic crisis are not only enclosed within a nation’s or a coalition government’s approach. Rather, a global coordinated response is warranted as well. Economic stimulus packages addressing short-term and long-term problems have been adopted in most countries as well as the European Commission (Ranga and Etzkowitz 2012). Internationally, the United States of America and European Union have recently been discussing on a free-trade agreement to remove trading barriers between the two important economic powers and boost the economies (BBC News Business 2013). Globally, the G-20 group of major economies have considered proposals on international...
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...4 MANAGEMENT DECISION 32,2 Has today’s dominant marketing mix paradigm become a strait-jacket? A relationship building and management approach may be the answer. From Marketing Mix to Relationship Marketing: Towards a Paradigm Shift in Marketing Christian Grönroos approach to marketing which eventually has entered the marketing literature[2, 4-14]. A paradigm shift is clearly under way. In services marketing, especially in Europe and Australia but to some extent also in North America, and in industrial marketing, especially in Europe, this paradigm shift has already taken place. Books published on services marketing[15-17] and on industrial marketing[18-20] as well as major research reports published are based on the relationship marketing paradigm. A major shift in the perception of the fundamentals of marketing is taking place. The shift is so dramatic that it can, no doubt, be described as a paradigm shift[21]. Marketing researchers have been passionately convinced about the paradigmatic nature of marketing mix management and the Four P model[22]. To challenge marketing mix management as the basic foundation for all marketing thinking has been as heretic as it was for Copernicus to proclaim that the earth moved[23, 24]. The purpose of this report is to discuss the nature and consequences of the dominating marketing paradigm of today, marketing mix management of the managerial school (cf.[25] and how evolving trends in business and modern research into, for example...
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...sociological issues from the 20th century to the present day. It traces the foundation of these theories to the current events that are studied today. The author notes that postmodern era arguments were based on relations between western modernity and tourism. In the recent past, sociology theories have changed due to dynamism in human behavior and a broader definition of authenticity. Due to the different shifts occurring in the society today the journal concentrates on current sociology theories. The theory discussed in this article are reviewed in through three perspectives of the modern world that are Mobility, Performativity approach, and the actor network theory (p. 2178). The journal outlines the chronology of various changes that have been witnessed in the tourism sector over the years. The journal elucidates the significant historical events affecting contemporary tourism. Three theories are used to explain these changes and their impacts on tourism, these include performativity, mobilities, and the ANT approaches (p. 2195). Through evaluating the three postulations, a shift that occurred from the earlier authenticity discourses to tourist gaze is well evident. Moreover, the problems in the tourism sector are also evaluated. However, the article concentrates only with the Western travel, and it locks the non-Western tourists out. Following the increment in the western tourism, there is the need of tackling their issues too. However, they are little addressed as the existing...
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...costs. Drug problems can be reduced at less cost if we change course and adopt strategies that work. At a time when the federal budget is limited programs need to be re-evaluated. Funding needs to go to programs that work. We need new ideas to save lives – we can't afford to continue to be wrong. Below are eight steps that are effective methods of controlling drugs and reducing drug-related harms. (To download a copy of this as a PDF, click here.) 1. Shift Resources Into Programs That Work 2. Make Treatment Available on Request Like Any Other Health Service 3. Prevent Drug Abuse By Investing in American Youth and Providing Them with Accurate Information 4. Focus Law Enforcement Resources on the Most Dangerous and Violent Criminals 5. International Drug Control Efforts Should Be Demilitarized and Focus on Economic Development 6. Restore Justice to the US Justice System 7. Respect State's Rights and Allow New Approaches to Be Tried 8. Make Prevention of HIV and Other Blood Borne Diseases a Top Priority Shift Resources Into Programs That Work: US drug control strategy has been approached primarily as a law enforcement issue. Police have done their jobs with record arrests, drug seizures and...
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...boundaries * A project charter is often created and agreed during the Define step. Measure This is the data collection step. The team decides on what should be measured and how to measure it. This forms a data collection plan. It is usual for teams to invest a lot of effort into assessing the suitability of the proposed measurement systems. Good data is at the heart of the DMAIC process: * Define the process critical Xs (inputs) and Ys (outputs). * Define the measurement plan. * Test the measurement system. * Collect the data. * A Measurement System Analysis (gauge study) is performed at this stage. Analyze : Brainstorming, 5 Whys, and the Fishbone Diagram The data collected in the Measure step is analysed to determine root causes of defects. Within Six Sigma, often complex analysis tools are used. However, it is acceptable to use basic tools if these are appropriate. * Identify gaps between current performance and goal performance * Identify how the process inputs (Xs)...
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...First_Pages Lut30352_ch01_001-030.qxd 8/7/09 3:26 PM Page 1 Part One Environmental and Organizational Context 1. 2. 3. 4. Introduction to Organizational Behavior: An Evidence-Based Approach Environmental Context: Globalization, Diversity, and Ethics Organizational Context: Design and Culture Organizational Context: Reward Systems 5 31 57 88 EVIDENCE-BASED CONSULTING PRACTICES A major component of the evidence-based theme of this text and the link to practice are these part openers from the world-famous Gallup Organization. Gallup draws from its internationally recognized survey science and cadre of internal and external researchers (e.g., the author of this text and a Nobel Prize winner in behavioral economics are Gallup Senior Scientists), publishes its findings in the top academic journals such as Journal of Applied Psychology and provides this evidenced-based perspective and representative practices for each text part. Gallup is the recognized world leader in the measurement and analysis of human attitudes, opinions, and behavior, building on over three-quarters of a century of success. Gallup employs many of the world’s leading scientists in management, economics, psychology, and sociology. Gallup performance management systems help organizations maximize employee productivity and increase customer engagement through measurement tools, management solutions, and strategic advisory services. Gallup’s 2000 professionals deliver services on-site at client organizations...
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...Financial Services Practice Journey III: The Next Frontier in Property and Casualty Insurance The Challenge of Profitable Growth Journey III: The Next Frontier in Property and Casualty Insurance The Challenge of Profitable Growth Contents Introduction Dramatic improvement and a paradigm shift 1 A Paradigm Shift The exit of undisciplined capacity Strengthened risk management skills Stronger foundational pillars The Implications The risk journey continues – with profitable growth as the new frontier 7 9 10 13 17 Continuous improvement of risk management Growing profitably in a competitive industry Lessons and barriers Levers to drive growth Upgrading the foundational pillars Conclusion Looking forward 17 21 28 38 43 Journey III: The Next Frontier in Property and Casualty Insurance The Challenge of Profitable Growth 1 Introduction Dramatic improvement and a paradigm shift In our first Journey report, covering 1979 to 1993, we reached three main conclusions about performance in the property and casualty insurance industry: 1. Risk management is the primary driver of success, not investment performance, expense management or financial leverage. We suggested that risk management had four components: enterprise risk management, capital management, product market management, and transaction excellence. 2. Performance is remarkably consistent and selfreinforcing. Winners keep winning, while persistent underperformers tend to be acquired...
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...Can Paradoxical Thinking be learned 7 IV. Paradoxical Thinking, One of Eight Skills Related to Intelligence 8 V. Summary 9 VI. References 10 I. Introduction / Definition The main purpose of this paper is to define paradoxical thinking and explain its importance and applicability within organizations. After indicating the traditionally utilized cause-and-effect thinking, it will be evident cause-and-effect thinking may not be the best approach to solving managerial problems. After defining and explaining cause-and-effect thinking and posturing the idea cause-and-effect thinking can actually hinder mastery, the idea of paradoxical thinking will be defined and introduced as an alternative approach to solving managerial problems and promoting mastery. Next it will be further explained by examples of organization success from the application of paradoxical thinking and how it has helped the organization’s overall success. Following the explanation of paradoxical thinking, will be a discussion of whether or not paradoxical thinking can be...
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