...my short and long term goals deal with academics. Within my short term goal, I have set myself to graduate from high school while maintaining good grades. Though this seems easy, there is more to it than what the naked eye alone can see. During senior year one must start preparing for graduation and college if one plans to go to college, yet there are other events being held for seniors in celebration of their accomplishments throughout high school. For me this point in life everything becomes difficult due to the transitional phrase people undergo between teenagers to adulthood....
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...If you knew me, you would know that I am full of dreams and that I set high goals for myself. Those goals have lead me to where I am today by motivating me to do better each and every day to eventually achieve them. My short-term goals include: learning German, raising my ACT score and my grades, and being healthier. My long-term goals include: moving to Germany to raise my family, leave college debt-free, and being an amazing mom. All of my short-term goals correlate with my long term-goals because I feel like everything in a person's life causes the events that take place in the future one way or another. I really want to learn German because it has always been a dream of mine to visit Germany and eventually live and grow there with...
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...com - Free Term Papers, Essays and Research Documents The Research Paper Factory Join Search Browse Saved Papers Home Page » Philosophy and Psychology The Memory Paper In: Philosophy and Psychology The Memory Paper Memory Process Paper Kim Duncan Psychology 550 February 11, 2012 Susan Leonard, PhD Memory Process Memory is the capacity to encode, store and recall information. Memory consists of the procedures that are used to obtain, keep, recall and retrieve information. Encoding, storage, and retrieval are the three major processes involved in memory. In this paper, the author will address short term memory, long term memory, and working memory, as well as encoding and retrieval in the memory process. The author will also describe the selected test and analyze the result of the memory test and evaluate variables associated with encoding information and ease of retrieval. Working memory, short-term memory, and long-term memory Working memory is the capacity to actively store information in the mind required to do difficult tasks such as comprehension, learning, and reasoning. According to Terry (2009) working memory can be defined as memory that is operational and can be recall at any given time. There are two distinct phases of storage, short-term memory and long-term memory. Short-term memory is the capability to recall information over a short period. Information is stored for a limited time in short-term memory before...
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...committing the firm’s funds to a relatively low-yielding (in comparison to fixed assets) investment. II. Managing the firm’s use of current liabilities A. The greater the firm’s use of current liabilities, other things being the same, the less will be the firm’s liquidity. B. There are a number of advantages associated with the use of current liabilities for financing the firm’s asset investments. 1. Flexibility. Current liabilities can be used to match the timing of a firm’s short-term financing needs exactly. 2. Interest cost. Historically, the interest cost on short-term debt has been lower than that on long-term debt. C. Following are the disadvantages commonly associated with the use of short-term debt: 1. Short-term debt exposes the firm to an increased risk of illiquidity because short-term debt matures sooner and in greater frequency, by definition, than does long-term debt. 2. Since short-term debt agreements must be renegotiated from year to year, the interest cost of each year’s financing is uncertain. III. Determining the appropriate level of...
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...Management ( Learning Goals 1. Review the key components of credit terms, accounts payable, and the procedures for analyzing them. 2. Understand the effects of stretching accounts payable on their cost and on the use of accruals. 3. Describe interest rates and the basic types of unsecured bank sources of short-term loans. 4. Discuss the basic features of commercial paper and the key aspects of international short-term loans. 5. Explain the characteristics of secured short-term loans and the use of accounts receivable as short-term-loan collateral. 6. Describe the various ways in which inventory can be used as short-term-loan collateral. ( True/False 1. Accounts payable are spontaneous secured sources of short-term financing that arise from the normal operations of the firm. Answer: FALSE Level of Difficulty: 1 Learning Goal: 1 Topic: Accounts Payable 2. Notes payable can be either spontaneous secured or spontaneous unsecured financing and result from the normal operations of the firm. Answer: FALSE Level of Difficulty: 1 Learning Goal: 1 Topic: Notes Payable 3. Accounts payable result from transactions in which merchandise is purchased but no formal note is signed to show the purchaser’s liability to the seller. Answer: TRUE Level of Difficulty: 1 Learning Goal: 1 Topic: Accounts Payable 4. In credit terms, EOM (End-of-Month) indicates that the accounts payable must be paid by the...
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...Acknowledgement First of all, I am expressing my sincere great fullness to almighty to prepare this term paper, no noble achievement can be achieve by an individual term paper depends on the contribution of number of people specially their thoughtful guidance and suggestions to complete this term paper. I am indented for their kind recommendation, submission, direction, cooperative and their collaboration. I want to give my special thanks to the Academic Supervisor Professor Md. Didarul Islam, Department of Accounting for his support and enormous help, especially his guidelines throughout the period of preparing this term paper. Declaration I do hereby Solemnly declare that the work submitted in the term paper titled “Sources of Short-Term Financing in Bangladesh” has been carried out by me and has not been previously submitted to any other university, college, organization for an academic purpose or certificate or diploma degree. This work that I have submitted does not break any existing copyright and no portion of this report is copied from any work done earlier for a degree or otherwise. I further undertake to indemnify the department against any loss or damage arising from breach of the forgoing obligations. Md. Golam Kibria BBA(hon’s) Final Year Reg. No. 09101626055 Major: Accounting Supervisor’s Certificate This is to certify that the term paper on “Sources of Short-Term Financing in Bangladesh” submitted for the award of the Degree of Bachelor of Business Administration...
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...MONEY MARKET As money became a commodity, the money market became a component of the financial markets for assets involved in short-term borrowing, lending, buying and selling with original maturities of one year or less. Trading in the money markets is done over the counter, is wholesale. Various instruments exist, such as Treasury bills, commercial paper, bankers' acceptances, deposits, certificates of deposit, bills of exchange, repurchase agreements, federal funds, and short-lived mortgage-, and asset-backed securities. It provides liquidity funding for the global financial system. Money markets and capital markets are parts of financial markets. The instruments bear differing maturities, currencies, credit risks, and structure. Therefore they may be used to distribute the exposure. The money market developed because parties had surplus funds, while others needed cash. Today it comprises cash instruments as well. Functions of the money market * transfer of large sums of money * transfer from parties with surplus funds to parties with a deficit * allow governments to raise funds * help to implement monetary policy * determine short-term interest rates Money market organizations * Trading companies often purchase banker’s acceptance to be tendered for payment to overseas suppliers. * Retail and institutional money market funds * Banks * Central banks * Cash management programs * Merchant Banks Common money market instruments ...
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...buy and sell various forms of short-term securities. There is no physical "money market." Instead it is an informal network of banks and traders linked by telephones, fax machines, and computers. Money markets exist both in the United States and abroad. The short-term debts and securities sold on the money markets—which are known as money market instruments—have maturities ranging from one day to one year and are extremely liquid. Treasury bills, federal agency notes, certificates of deposit (CDs), eurodollar deposits, commercial paper, bankers' acceptances, and repurchase agreements are examples of instruments. The suppliers of funds for money market instruments are institutions and individuals with a preference for the highest liquidity and the lowest risk. The money market is important for businesses because it allows companies with a temporary cash surplus to invest in short-term securities; conversely, companies with a temporary cash shortfall can sell securities or borrow funds on a short-term basis. In essence the market acts as a repository for short-term funds. Large corporations generally handle their own short-term financial transactions; they participate in the market through dealers. Small businesses, on the other hand, often choose to invest in money-market funds, which are professionally managed mutual funds consisting only of short-term securities. Although securities purchased on the money market carry less risk than long-term debt, they are still not entirely...
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...Money Market Products | | | | | Money market products (T-bills, Commercial Paper and Banker’s Acceptances) are short-term fixed-income products that are sold at a discount and then mature at face value. The difference between your purchase price and par value is your return.Learn more about: * T-Bills * Banker’s Acceptances (BAs) * Commercial Paper * Crown Corporate PaperT-Bills * What are they? Treasury Bills (T-bills) are short-term debt instruments issued by both the US and Canadian governments. Similar to Federal T-bills, Provincial T-bills and promissory notes are backed in full by the issuing province. Their many attractive features make T-bills popular investment vehicles for individual, institutional, and corporate investors. T-bills offer the highest possible level of financial security. * Term/Liquidity T-bills have a maturity of one year or less and are issued in maturity terms of 30 days, 60 days, 90 days, 6 months, or one year. T-bills are highly liquid and many investors choose to hold them instead of holding cash. They may be sold at any time. * Risk/Return T-bills are considered very safe because they are fully guaranteed by the issuing government, however; they offer considerably lower returns than most other securities. * Minimum Investment Amount The minimum Par Value for purchasing a T-Bill is $10,000.00, trading in increments of $1,000.00. * Income The difference between your purchase price and par value is your return, and is...
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...CHAPTER 18 Working-Capital Management and Short-Term Financing CHAPTER ORIENTATION In this chapter we introduce working-capital management in terms of managing the firm's liquidity. Specifically, net working capital is defined as the difference in current assets and current liabilities. The hedging principle is offered as one approach to addressing the firm's liquidity problems. In addition, this chapter deals with the sources of short-term financing that must be repaid within 1 year. CHAPTER OUTLINE I. Managing current assets A. Like fixed assets, the firm's investment in current assets is determined by the marginal benefits derived from investing in them compared with their acquisition cost. B. However, the mix of current and fixed assets of the firm's investment in total assets is an important determinant of the firm's liquidity. That is, the greater the firm's investment in current assets, other things remaining the same, the greater the firm's liquidity. This is generally true since current assets are usually more easily converted into cash. C. The firm can invest in marketable securities to increase its liquidity. However, such a policy involves committing the firm's funds to a relatively low-yielding (in comparison to fixed assets) investment. II. Managing the firm's use of current liabilities A. The greater the firm's use of current liabilities, other things being the same, the less will be the firm's...
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...the opportunity to buy and sell various forms of short-term securities which are highly liquid and are relatively low-risk debt instruments. The maturities of money market instruments range from one day to one year and are often less than 90 days. It comprises of the call and notice money market, repo market and the market for debt instruments. There is no physical "money market." Instead it is an informal network of banks and traders linked by telephones, fax machines, and computers. Banks financial institutions, companies and government are the key participants in the money market. The size of the transactions in the money market typically is large ($100,000 or more). At the center of this web is the central bank whose policies have an important bearing on the interest rates in the money markets. The money market provides an equilibrium mechanism for levelling out the demand and supply of short term funds and serves as a focal point for the intervention by the central bank (RBI in India) for influencing the liquidity and interest rates in the financial systems.The money market is important for businesses because it allows companies with a temporary cash surplus to invest in short-term securities; conversely, companies with a temporary cash shortfall can sell securities or borrow funds on a short-term basis. In essence the market acts as a repository for short-term funds. Large corporations generally handle their own short-term financial transactions; they participate in the...
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...Personal Goals Paper Success begins with goal-setting. Without goals, there is a lack of focus and direction. Many people will often avoid setting goals because it seems too hard. Goal setting is about more than just thinking about them, it is about putting thoughts down on paper to see them. This makes goal setting much easier, especially when writing the goals down is what motivates each individual person. Goal writing must be in time frames, and must be measurable, and at the very least, doable. Setting unrealistic goals can result in the abandonment of all goals; therefore, a good plan needs to be laid-out on paper. This leads to successful goals. Hence, successful goal setting begins with good time management, identifying early potential barriers, and acquiring the needed skills to accomplish each goal. Good time management is the key to successful goal setting and achievement. Taking the time to create, tweak, add, delete or reconstitute goals is the biggest deterrent, and also the largest component for success in goal setting. According to O’Neill (2000), goals need to be set. Writing goals down on a piece of paper can go a long way. Goals should be specific. This means knowing who is involved, what to accomplish, and where it would take place. Next, goals should be measurable. When time frames are met, milestones should be measured and celebrated or reconstructed with a new time frame in mind. Goals should also be timely. A time frame of when a goal should be accomplished...
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...Commercial Paper Thomas K. Hahn C ommercial paper is a short-term unsecured promissory note issued by corporations and foreign governments. For many large, creditworthy issuers, commercial paper is a low-cost alternative to bank loans. Issuers are able to efficiently raise large amounts of funds quickly and without expensive Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) registration by selling paper, either directly or through independent dealers, to a large and varied pool of institutional buyers. Investors in commercial paper earn competitive, market-determined yields in notes whose maturity and amounts can be tailored to their specific needs. Because of the advantages of commercial paper for both investors and issuers, commercial paper has become one of America’s most important debt markets. Commercial paper outstanding grew at an annual rate of 14 percent from 1970 to 1991. Figure 1 shows commercial paper outstanding, which totaled $528 billion at the end of 1991. This article describes some of the important features of the commercial paper market. The first section reviews the characteristics of commercial paper. The second section describes the major participants in the market, including the issuers, investors, and dealers. The third section discusses the risks faced by investors in the commercial paper market along with the mechanisms that are used to control these risks. The fourth section discusses some recent innovations, including asset-backed commercial...
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...Cash Management Paper INTRODUCTION Cash management techniques provide a framework for companies to follow that will enable it to maintain cash that is needed to operate the business. The primary goal of cash management is to maintain low balances of cash on hand but at the same time striking a balance so that necessary cash is available to pay for planned transactions, unexpected transactions, and compensating balances to banks for services provided (Block & Hirt, 2005). As part of the cash management strategy, a company may also look to short term financing to maintain its cash reserve. This paper will compare and contrast the various cash management techniques and the various methods of short-term financing that are available to companies to manage cash flow. CASH MANAGEMENT TECHNIQUES One cash management technique involves the study the company’s daily, weekly, and yearly cash flow cycle and cash balances (Block & Hirt, 2005). “Cash flow relies on the payment pattern of customers, the speed at which suppliers and creditors process checks, and the efficiency of the banking system.” (Block & Hirt, 2005, p. 175). Once a sale is completed, the company either receives an immediate cash payment or an account receivable which will be collected at a future time to assist in purchasing or manufacturing additional inventory (Block & Hirt, 2005). The rise of ecommerce has also provided a cash flow benefit to companies in that all sales require a credit card (Block & Hirt...
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...Simulation: Managing Liquidity Lawrence Sports Simulation: Managing Liquidity This paper will discuss the three alternative working capital policies that manage working capital. Team D will identify the policy in which the team believes that Lawrence uses and will then make a recommendation on what policy Lawrence Sports should continue to use. This paper will then go on to include an evaluation of the risks that are associated with each of the policies as well as discuss the contingencies for the policy in which is recommended. This paper will also discuss the performance measures that could be used to evaluate the team’s recommendation. Finally, this paper will discuss an implementation plan for the team’s recommendation. Alternate Capital Policies Current Policy (Conservative Approach) The current policy in place at Lawrence is one that can be considered a conservative approach. The Conservative Approach uses long-term financing for the company’s long term assets, a few of the company’s temporary current assets, and all of the company’s permanent current assets (Emery et al., 2008). This has resulted in high costs of financing for Lawrence Sports with little risk; causing the company’s profitability to be low. Simply put; Lawrence has predominantly financed all of its current assets using long-term sources of financing where only a small portion of its assets sing short-term financing. This presents the risk of Lawrence developing a liquidity issue as a result...
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