...his sleeper cars. The film “10,000 Black Men named George” focuses on how a man named A. Phillip Randolph helped establish the first Black union for Pullman Porter workers. This Union was called the Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters. During this time, of Pullman Company travelers referred to the black Porters as “George”, derived from “George Pullman.” The film begins with a black Porter catching a white female passenger stealing towels and amenities from her room on the sleeping car. The black Porter; who the white passenger refers to as “George”, catches her in the act of putting the items into her briefcase. The Porter pleads with the passenger to please return the items in her briefcase because if not the Pullman Company will take the items out of their paycheck. The “Georges’” were severely underpaid, as little as $60 a month. The Porters were also only paid for daytime hours. If a porter was caught sleeping he would be fired, or if a passenger made the smallest complaint he would be fired. A. Phillip Randolph was trying to promote his magazine “The Messenger.” The Messenger was a monthly magazine which campaigned against lynching, opposed U.S. participation in World War I, urged African Americans to resist being drafted, to fight for an integrated society. The Porters grew tired of being treated as slaves instead of employees working for pay. One Porter comes to Randolph and asks him to witness being a Porter for himself, and to help the Pullman Porters establish a...
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...was born in Crescent City, Florida on April 15, 1889. He was a son of loyal supporters of equal rights and regular human rights for African Americans, his father was a methodist minister named, James Randolph, and a mother named Elizabeth. He and his family moved to Jacksonville, Florida in 1891. Asa spent most of his childhood there and ended up attending Cookman Institute which was one of the first institutions with a higher education for african americans in the country. He attended at Cookman until he graduated in 1911, he moved to a neighborhood in New York City called Harlem, with an idea of becoming an actor. He studied English Literature and Sociology at City College, here he held a variety of jobs, including an elevator operator, porter and waiter, as well as develop rhetorical skills. In 1912, Asa made one of his very first noteworthy political moves, he founded an employment agency with Chandler Owen a Columbia...
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...and working numerous odd jobs Randolph devoted his time to singing, acting and reading. Influenced by W. E. B. Du Bois’ “The Souls of Black Folk”, Randolph was convinced that the fight for social equality was more important than almost anything else (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A._Philip_Randolph, 2011). Segregation and racial discrimination against blacks was increasing exponentially each day. In response, Randolph, at the age of 21 in 1910, joined the Socialist Party of America and shunned moderate reform and racial integration, as advocated by Du Bois, and emphasized, instead, social and trade unionism. Randolph moved to New York City in 1911 where he attended the City College of New York while working as an elevator operator, porter, and a waiter. It was while at City...
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...was released with a pending medical discharge from Walter Reed Army Medical Center in Washington D.C, after her release, her story turned for the worst. The military did end up discharging Venessa Turner, with no place to live or ongoing health care. The result of this lead to Venessa having to move place to place, sleeping on friend and families couches and it was just her alone she also had a daughter. With no help from the VA or military housing Venessa and her daughter was left homeless. (National Coalition for Homeless Veterans) “One of every three...
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...Plays of the Harlem renaissance portrayed African-American characters as realistically human. It promoted awareness among the blacks about civil rights and reform movements. Magazines like the The Crisis, and The Messenger, a socialist journal eventually connected to Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters, a black labour union, were crucial and strengthened the awareness of the colored people about what was happening around them.Negro World, the newspaper of Marcus Garvey’s Universal Negro Improvement Association, also played a key role in spreading awareness. (Hutchinson lines 1-26) Langston Hughes was born on February 1, 1902, Joplin, Missouri, USA. He died on May 22, 1967 in New York, New York, USA. He was American and was a poet, and a writer. His books had equality, condemned racism and injustice, and celebrated African American culture, humor, and spirituality. Langston Hughes’s creative genius influenced by his life in New York City’s Harlem a primary African American neighborhood. He had a strong sense of racial...
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...A Philip Randolph, an African American Civil rights and labor leader played an integral role in enabling the legislation that allowed Black Americans economic opportunity that they had so desperately been alienated from. Randolph most notably began his political work with creating the Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters in 1925 and pushing for the rights of Black workers on that organization. He successfully unified a disparate and disaffected population of Black workers who had been largely excluded from major labor union organizations (Marable, 9). The Railway Labor Act of 1926 was a law that “granted collective bargaining rights to railway workers but excluded service workers such as porters, cooks, and waiters”( Marable, 16). This exclusion effectively disempowered Black workers, who were the primary demographic of these railway service workers, from furthering any economic improvements. Randolph, the Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters and with the help of the American Federation League and Senator Robert F Wagner successfully lobbied legislators to remove this exclusion in 1935 (Marable, 16). This victory continued the legislative gains that civil rights groups...
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...A Ret fejlene i følgende sætninger og forklar på dansk dine rettelser 1. The apples felt to the ground in the storm. The apples fell to the ground in the storm (felt er føle, falde hedder fell I præteritum) 2. There seemed to be a lot of turmoil, and everybody were screaming. There seemed to be a lot of turmoil, and everybody was screaming ( ord, som ender på -body bøjes I 3. pers ental) 3. The police were searching all the guests at the disco for possession of knifes. The police were searching all the guests at the disco for possession of knives. (stavefejl - ændrer konsonant i flertal, one knife, two knives) 4. "I believe in you! I'm confident that you will all do exceptional well." "I believe in you! I'm confident that you will all do exceptionally well." (lægger op til adjektiv, så er exceptionally et adverbium) 5. The childrens bicycles were stolen The children’s bicycles were stolen (apostroffejl) 6. The furniture in his flat were old and shabby The furniture in his flat was old and shabby (Furniture bøjes I 3. pers ental, utælleligt subjektiv) 7. Even though it's summer, I'm looking forward to the Christmas! Even though it's summer, I'm looking forward to Christmas! ( Christmas har ingen artikel,) 8. She asked her colleague to borrow her some money for lunch She asked her colleague to lent her some money for lunch (lent bruges i denne sammenhæng når det er noget veninden låner...
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...A. Philip Randolph At a time when protests were neither popular nor safe, the early 1920s, A Philip Randolph iniated the Brotherhood of sleeping car porters. A. Philip Randolph, born in in Crescent City Florida, was reared in the tradition of the abolitionists. This upbringing instiled in him a social conscience that led him to join the civil rights struggle. His career began when he ran for state office in New York on the socialists ticket. The brotherhood approached him about leading their efforts to unionize. Being an outsider he was immune from retaliation from the company. After strikes and boycotts he finally won representation rights for the brotherhood. This victory gave Randolph credibility which he invested in the civil rights movement.Randolph emerged as the premier civil rights leade and used this power to convice Roosevelt to pass execuve order 8802 which banned discrimination in the armed forces.He achieved this legislation by threatening a marach on washington. Later, in the 1960s he helped organize the march on washington for jobs and freedom. A Philip Randolph's public career helped to advance the cause of all people especially African Americans. However the writers of current history have almost ignored the accomplishments of A. Philip Randolph. This treatment is not suprising since the behind the scenes leaders of movements are often forgotten except by those who participated in the movement. Anyone present in the 1940s civil rights struggle certainly remebers...
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...Philip Randolph, president of the Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters (“Jim Crow Laws Segregation and Labor). Similar to when President Kennedy endorsed the march in 1963, President Roosevelt, “feared the reaction an event like this could have on the image of the United States during the war and moved to stop the march” (“Jim Crow Laws Segregation and Labor”). President Roosevelt made a breakthrough in the civil rights movement when the Fair Employment Practices Committee was formed and became a way for African Americans to demands civil rights and punish companies that were badly segregated (“Jim Crow Segregation and Labor”). However in 1963 A. Philip Randolph and other activist leaders such as Martin Luther King Jr. and Roy Wilkins the march was organized again and was executed on August 28, 1963 (“Jim Crow Segregation and Labor”). Before the march many African Americans faced heavy segregation in the workplace such as, “they could neither purchase nor eat their meals in the dining car, instead, they had to eat their food in the baggage car” (“Jim Crow Segregation and Labor”). Blacks were separated from whites in almost every activity while at work on the rail roads, causing blacks to feel unequal and driving their passion for civil rights which then lead to the March on Washington...
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...Rights and Black Power movements and their contributions to their respective causes. How did these social pioneers forge the way for this important ratification? What legislation was relevant during these critical times? Part I Complete the following matrix by identifying 7 to 10 leaders or legislative events from both the Civil Rights and Black Power movements. The first leader is provided as a model. |Leader and Associated |Date(s) |Organization and/or Cause |Contribution | |Legislation, if any | | | | |A. Philip Randolph |1941 |Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters, which |His threat to march on Washington to protest | | | |fought Discrimination |discriminatory treatment caused former | | | | |President Franklin D. Roosevelt to react with | | | | |new policies on job discrimination. | |Booker T. |1856 |Tuskegee Institute |Became the head of the Tuskegee Institute for | |Washington | | |Blacks in America | ...
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...Asa Philip Randolph (April 15, 1889 – May 16, 1979) was a leader in the African American civil-rights movement and the American labor movement. Randolph was born April 15, 1889, in Crescent City, Florida, the second son of the Rev. James William Randolph, a tailor and minister in the African Methodist Episcopal Church, and Elizabeth Robinson Randolph, a skilled seamstress. Randolph attended the Cookman Institute in East Jacksonville, for years the only academic high school in Florida for African Americans. Randolph excelled in literature, drama and public speaking. He also starred on the school's baseball team, sang solos with its choir and was valedictorian of the 1907 graduating class. After graduation, Randolph worked odd jobs and devoted his time to singing, acting and reading. Reading W. E. B. Du Bois' The Souls of Black Folk convinced him that the fight for social equality was most important. At the age of 21 in 1910, Randolph joined the Socialist Party of America. He moved to New York City in 1911 where he met Chandler Owen who shared Randolph's intellectual interests and close collaborator. In 1913, Randolph married Mrs. Lucille Campbell Green who also shared his socialist views. With the help of the Socialist Party Of America Randolph and Chandler Owen founded the Messenger, a radical monthly magazine, which campaigned against lynching, opposed U.S. participation in World War I, urged African Americans to resist being drafted, to fight for an integrated society, and recommended...
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...Philip Randolph, the founder of the sleeping car porters, had an idea of a big gathering of lots of people in the city of Washington, D.C. He wanted to put attention on the economic plight of the United States African American population. Mr. Randolph called on the United States of America’s leading civil rights organizations. He wanted their help in the march and tried to persuade John F. Kennedy, the president at the time, to give money to the demonstration. John F. Kennedy did lend a hand and as everything started to progess, Randolph gave Bayard Rustin, a noted civil rights activist, the assignment of directing and coordinating the strategy of how the march will go. Therefore, Rustin and the group of volunteers he was assigned with started working very hard, every day, all day, to...
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...Rights and Black Power movements and their contributions to their respective causes. How did these social pioneers forge the way for this important ratification? What legislation was relevant during these critical times? Part I Complete the following matrix by identifying 7 to 10 leaders or legislative events from both the Civil Rights and Black Power movements. The first leader is provided as a model. |Leader and Associated |Date(s) |Organization and/or Cause |Contribution | |Legislation, if any | | | | |A. Philip Randolph |1941 |Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters, which |His threat to march on Washington to protest | | | |fought Discrimination |discriminatory treatment caused former | | | | |President Franklin D. Roosevelt to react with | | | | |new policies on job discrimination. | |CORE |1942-1947 |(CORE) Congress of Racial Equality fought |This interracial group used sit-ins to open | | | |discrimination |restaurants to blank patrons in Chicago, and | ...
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...she refused to give up her bus seat to a white person (Loeb, 2010, p. 1). This was not Parks’ first involvement in a social movement. Before this event, Parks had been involved with her local NAACP chapter for 12 years. While attending a training camp on civil rights, Parks learned about a bus boycott by a Montgomery woman that occurred the previous spring. As you can see, Parks decision not to give up her bus seat did not occur on a whim. “Rather, she was part of a longstanding effort to create change” (Loeb, 2010, p.2). The social movement for African Americans’ rights was successful due to many people working together towards a common goal. Rosa Parks worked together with others such as E. D. Nixon, the Brotherhood of Sleeping Cars Porters union, local teachers, and the Montgomery African American community (Loeb, 2010). The Chicano Movement is another example of a united group and their long journey to accomplish rights for Mexican Americans. On the morning of March 3, 1968, over a thousand students walked down the streets of East Los Angeles (Muñoz, 1989). By the end of the day, ten thousand students had joined the movement. The protest “disrupted the largest school district in the nation” (Muñoz, 1989, p. xi). The protest lasted a week and a half. It was the first large scale protest of Mexican Americans and its major purpose was to “protest racist teachers and school policies, the lack of freedom of speech, the lack of teachers of Mexican descent, and the...
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...Rights and Black Power movements and their contributions to their respective causes. How did these social pioneers forge the way for this important ratification? What legislation was relevant during these critical times? Part I Complete the following matrix by identifying 7 to 10 leaders or legislative events from both the Civil Rights and Black Power movements. The first leader is provided as a model. |Leader and Associated |Date(s) |Organization and/or Cause |Contribution | |Legislation, if any | | | | |A. Philip Randolph |1941 |Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters, which |His threat to march on Washington to protest | | | |fought Discrimination |discriminatory treatment caused former | | | | |President Franklin D. Roosevelt to react with | | | | |new policies on job discrimination. | | |1963-1964 |Birmingham Campaign |It organized Sit-Ins, Keneel-Ins, and other non| |Wyatt Tee Walker | | |violent methods to support desegregation in | ...
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