...People often times fail to realize how their communication can greatly impact their social interactions as well as aid in the formation of strong intimate relationships they may hold with their friends or even their significant other. We use communication in many forms, whether verbal or non-verbal to gain a better understanding of one another and to reduce our uncertainty towards each other. By allowing ourselves to take part in the communication process, we therefore are able to disclose and exchange information which in turn aids in forming an intimate relationship better known as the social penetration theory. The theorists Altman and Taylor define the social penetration theory as something that identifies the process of increasing and decreasing self-disclosure and intimacy within a relationship. This normally occurs as two individuals engage in sharing information whether it is through traditional verbal means or as most common in today’s society, non-verbal means such as through the use of text messages and emails, to disclose personal information. When disclosing information about one’s self, there are typically three phases or stages people tend to go through in order to reach a more intimate state of sharing information which are the cultural, sociological and psychological exchange of information. People typically tend to go through each phase before getting to a state where they can establish they have reached a more intimate relationship with a person. The first...
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...Social Penetration Theory (SPT) was developed by Irwin Altman and Dalmas Taylor. This theory has a socio-psychological tradition with an objective approach. SPT explains how relationship development works. Social Penetration Theory has five concepts which are as listed: social penetration, law of reciprocity, self-disclosure, personality structures of SPT, and the social exchange theory. Social penetration is defined as “the process of developing deeper intimacy with another person through mutual self-disclosure and other forms of vulnerability” (Griffin, 2015, pg. 97). This theory “depends on a cost-benefit analysis that each person performs as he/she considers the possibility of a close personal relationship” (Hara and Yum, 2005, pg. 3). As social penetration increases between partners the relationship will begin to develop more successfully. The Law of...
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...us to lift each other up. Communication theories help to identify the ways in which we communicate but in order to reach deeper into communications, theories that help to explain the development and management of relations are needed. The social penetration theory and relational dialectic theory are just two that allow us the advantages of seeing how we develop relationships and how we retain them. A lasting relationship starts with good communication, therefore, the development and management processes...
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...To date online is to look for a partner using the internet, more specifically with the use of social media sites or dating applications. With dating online comes the creation of a dating profile. This is where individuals can edit a blank page to represents them in the online world. This is made so that others can view the page to determine if their compatible. However, dating online is completely reliant on the information disclosed by the user who can change everything about themselves with a touch of the keyboard. Jiang et al., study compares the effects of self-disclosure on relationship intimacy in computer-mediated communication. The article attempts to advance interpersonal theory by examining how receivers of disclosures react and the role of between self-disclosure. This is to say that with more positive responses from potential dates because of how they are presented online than the more likely they are to continue this editing with their online self-presentation. Gibbs et al., investigates self-disclosure in online dating using a national random sample of Match.com members. The authors explore the relation between self-disclosure and perceived success in online dating with support findings from the social penetration theory. Duguay’s article focuses more on the mobile dating applications, more specifically an application called Tinder, to identify the influences technology has on creating authenticate...
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...Management Theories: Application of Theories Patti Barnett AIU Abstract The purpose of this essay is to write a memo to the manager discussing the application of management theories pertaining to moving toward an employee empowered culture and the theory of penetration pricing. It will also discuss any given issues that resulted in such actions as well as any alternative theory or theories that could have been applied. Management Theories: Application of Theories Several companies implement theories of how to make their business run better. Two of those theories include moving toward an employee empowered culture and penetration pricing. Were there any issues that led to these actions? What were the results of these actions? What would you have done if you were the senior manager facing the same issue(s)? Employee empowerment and penetration pricing are not just theories anymore. Management Theories What is a theory? It is an artificial construction of statements of suggested dealings or facts (Online, 2010). Theories are tools used by managers to enable him or her to make better decisions, but faster (Online, 2010). Such decisions are primarily based on experiences from the past; however, because not all experiences can be applied to every situation, theories are used. Some believe that Positive Management (PM) plays a major role in empowering employees. “PM’s creation of a supply of goodwill in the manager-subordinate relationship increases a social asset and...
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...Christina Bowman American Intercontinental University Unit 4 Individual Project BUSN300 – Lower Division Capstone July 1, 2012 Abstract This paper will talk about two theories that companies uses, the first one is employee empowerment culture, also known as the motivation theory. The second one is the theory of penetration pricing. Application of Theories Introduction The paper will define the use of two theories that McDonalds uses to produce employee empowerment and penetration pricing. It will give reasons for using these theories and how they will lead to specific actions on the part of the company. It will show the results achieved by using these methods. This paper will also speak on how I would have addressed these situations if I was the senior manager. Definition of the Theories Employee empowerment culture is another name for motivation theory. The meaning is that the employees are involved in the decision making. The theory of penetration pricing is the pricing technique of setting a relatively low entry price, a price that maybe lowers than the normal market price. It is written that the most important resource to an organization is the people. People ensure the interaction of the financial, industrial, and other resources so that the organization may function. According to Hunt (n.d.) there are experienced managers that have realized the financial reward do not always encourages employees and that there are many non-financial motives that...
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...The Problem and Its Background Introduction One of the best new developments on the web has been that of social networks. A social network is a website that allows you to connect with friends and family, share photos, videos, music and other personal information with either a select group of friends or a wider group of people, depending on the settings you select. Alternatively referred to as a virtual community or profile site, a social network is a website on the Internet that brings people together in a central location to talk, share ideas and interests, or make new friends. This type of collaboration and sharing of data is often referred to as social media. Unlike traditional media that is often created by no more than 10 people, social media sites contain content that has been created by hundreds or even millions of different people. Three of the biggest social networks used today are Facebook, Google+ and YouTube. These are great ways of making new connections with people based on similar interests or professions. The growth and popularity of online social networks has created a new world of collaboration and communication. More than a billion individuals around the world are connected and networked together to create, collaborate, and contribute their knowledge and wisdom. Facebook so far the fastest growing social network, Facebook has grown from just a college-age group network to a global, multi-age, multi-ethnic site. Hundreds of millions of people...
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...The social penetration theory states that as connections create, correspondence moves from moderately shallow, non-intimate levels to deeper, more individual ones. The longer we spend with others; we have a tendency to self-disclose a lot of intimate thoughts and details of our life. Active listening is a process of sending back to the speaker what you as a listener think the speaker meant- both in content and in feelings. Listening could be a relationship ability that almost all people have not learned. Active listening is, if practiced and down pat, is the simplest gift you will be able to provide your partner. Honesty is key to making a long distance relationship work. However, I will admit I have lied a time or two. There are different types of lies and they vary greatly in type. The social penetration is at the basis of the formation of my long distance relationship with Jason. Being in a long distance relationship requires self-disclosure, active listening, and some forms of...
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...A person political thought is that which expresses itself through its interaction with others, and is often difficult to separate political thought from other thought like, economic, social, religious, jurisprudence, emotional and among others. Since it is made up of idea that involves politics, and has passed through from one generation to another. Its automatically made everyone in the society to be a potential contributor to political thought. Invariably since one had an idea on politics and share thought about what he thinks, like or dislike, its already playing or practicing politics and political process (which express the process of practicing politics). In order word, political thought is neither archaic nor restricted to professional philosophers who are terms as major thinker of political thought. Since we have body of idea of political thought, however is to simply imply that there might be other body which are not political thought which include (economic, psychological, sociology, religious, legal, social and so on. There is an interdependence and interconnection among various aspect of human life to identify a problem or issue that is unidimensional in other words, there is no particular issue, or thought as regard to different thought like economic, social, political that can purely stand alone e.g. a political issue may connote both economic...
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...Relationships developed from extremely negative impression in Green Mile “The Green Mile” is a movie that was directed by Frank Darabont and was published in 1999. It was adapted from the novel of the same name, which was written by Stephen Kings. Out of millions of movies out there, this movie is possibly the best one to demonstrate how wrong the first impression can be, and how bonds and relationships can be formed from tremendously negative impression. The two main characters are the head prisoner officer called Paul Edgecomb, and a negro death row inmate under his supervision called John Coffey. Basically, the whole movie is the process of Social Penetration Theory as Paul, and other prison officers, gradually unpeel layers after layers to discover the true wonderful person of John Coffey, who is supposed an extremely dangerous criminal whose existence needed to be get rid of. The first main character is Paul Edgecomb, the head prisoner officer, who is responsible for watching over the death row inmates. He is a cynical and world-weary veteran officer guard who has been through a lot of messed up things in his life. He is also quite a sensitive individual. Paul suffers from a urinary tract infection. The second main character is John Coffey, a huge negro death row inmate, who is supposedly sentence for his crime of raping and murdering of two little girls. However, it was not John who commit such crimes but another inmate, who is ironically put in the same prison...
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............................................................................................................ 4 More customer inclination towards Cadbury ................................................................................. 4 List of Opportunities ........................................................................................................................... 4 Market penetration ........................................................................................................................ 4 Participatory marketing .................................................................................................................. 5 Diet chocolate product range ......................................................................................................... 5 Diversify product range................................................................................................................... 5 Innovate distribution channel ......................................................................................................... 5 Application of Theories to Practice...
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...University of Phoenix Material Introduction to Communication Worksheet Paragraph Questions Answer the following questions in your own words. Each response must be written as an academic paragraph of at least 150 words. Be clear and concise and provide explanations for your answers. Format your sources consistent with APA guidelines. 1. According to Introducing Communication Theory (2010), what is the definition of communication? What does communication mean to you personally? Provide an example. According to introduction of Communication, defining communication can be challenging. Communication can be interpreted by many different ways. People have their own minds and so communication can be interpreted by each individual differently. At time we can be at the same lecture but somehow get a different meaning of the speaker. Communication is a social process in which individuals employ symbols to establish and interpret meaning in their environment there are five key terms in defining communication, social, environment, process, symbols and meaning. Social communication usually involves two or more people interacting face to face like having a conversation there is a sender and receiver. The process of communication is a never ending It keeps going communication changes every day including the different ways we communicate. The process of a conversation can change from beginning to the end. We may begin speaking about one thing and that conversation can lead to something...
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...“A” Listed Marketeers – Assignment For this review I have analysed 2 different organisations, Apple Inc. & The Coca-Cola Company. I think each of these organisations make strong contenders for the inclusion on the A list marketeers list; by researching and analysing each of these organisations working alongside Ansoffs Matrix Theory I have detailed my findings below. Ansoffs Matrix Theory: The ways of determining growth strategies used by an organisation is by using Ansoffs theory this is a table that helps determine what strategies a company would use if they want to grow. The four parts of Ansoff theory are Market Development, Product Development, Market Penetration and Diversification. They use Market Penetration to increases the market share of an existing product, they do this by either; lowering the price, advertising, bundling or volume discount. Product Development is the process of designing, creating and marketing products to benefit the consumers. This discipline is focused on developing systematic methods for guiding all the processes involved in getting a new product to market. Market Development is a strategy that entails expanding the potential market through new users or uses. Diversification is a risk management technique that mixes a wide variety of investments within a portfolio. The Limitations and Constraints of all Businesses: Sales of Goods Act 1979- All goods must be: * As described * Of satisfactory quality * Fit for purpose ...
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...FINAL EXAM QUESTIONS 1. Standing near a person with whom you are having a conversation is an aspect of the setting component of human communication. a. True b. False 2. A person’s worldview or _____ characterizes the assumptions one makes about knowledge and the nature of reality. a. interpretation b. method c. theory d. paradigm 3. Julie criticizes her father for his political view and is trying to convince him that he is wrong. He responds by shaking his head and leaving the room. This is an example of _____ communication pattern. a. negative reciprocity b. insecure attachment c. demand-withdrawal d. blaming 4. A social scientific study found that individuals who were more satisfied in their relationships had a/an _____ attachment style and tended toward positive emotional communication. a. ignorant b. insecure c. weak d. secure 5. Your organizational structures, or _____, tell you what information belongs together and how to understand what you perceive. a. cognitions b. attentives c. representations d. templates 6. Two specific types of cognitive representations that individuals use to organize their perceptions about people and communication are called _______ and interpersonal scripts. a. labeling b. prototype...
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...COMM 89 Theory Paper Purpose: Evaluate the utility of an academic theory by examining its applications to everyday life. Enhance your ability to understand academic theory as explained by an outside source and to apply theoretical concepts with organization and clarity. Demonstrate original thought in analysis of utility. Preparation: 1. Choose an episode from your life. Choose one of the two following types of brief (1-3 minutes) real life communicative episodes (any communication interaction between 2 or more individuals). Do NOT attempt to use a movie scene. a) First-hand experience: an incident in which you met and/or communicated with someone. b) Observed episode: an incident in which you witnessed 2 or more others communicating. 2. Select a theory from those on the schedule prior to the midterm. Choose one that will help you understand your communicative episode and that might also be beneficial for understanding your future communication interaction. 3. Find at least one main academic source (NOT your textbook or lecture notes) that explains the theory. This main source must be published and will most likely to be either a chapter in an edited book or a journal article that provides a thorough explanation of the theory. A journal article with an experimental study is unlikely to provide a thorough explanation of the theory, but is a very useful additional source for discussing the utility of the theory. (Use these in your utility section.) Your textbook and...
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