..."What if the Sun / Be Centre to the World": Cosmology in Paradise Lost Nothing less than the creation and ordering of the universe defines the scope of Paradise Lost. The epic explores its cosmological theme in theoretical discussions between Adam and Raphael and in the narrator's descriptions and metaphors. Further, Milton imagines Satan surveying the universe in an expedition of discovery through a new world in his fall from Heaven and his passage through Chaos to Earth. Adam tries to understand the earth's physical place in the universe and its associated ontological and theological value as the home of man. He wonders aloud about "this Earth a spot, a grain,/ An Atom, with the Firmament compar'd/ And all her numbered Starrs, that seem to rowl /Spaces incomprehensible" (PL 8.17-21). Milton asks us to imagine the first man struggling with many of the same questions a Renaissance thinker, contemplating new models of the universe, must have considered. In response to the theory that everything revolves around the sun and not the earth, philosophers were forced to question the importance of man's role in the universal order. Raphael, responding to Adam's concerns, suggests there is no reason "bodies bright and greater should not serve / The less not bright, nor Heav'n such journies run / Earth sitting still" (PL 8.87-9). Yet, the poem does not answer all such questions directly, and scholars often find it difficult to determine Milton's attitude toward science. In these debates...
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...University The Importance of Energy For plant Earth, the Sun is the main source for all energy. It is the main essential thing that provides us with light, warmth and energy. Some organisms, such as plants and algae, create their own food using the sun as their main source of energy. In turn the fuel the rest of the world by creating energy for animals and humans after being consumed. They also remove carbon dioxide from the air and replenish oxygen for us to breath. This process, through which this energy is harnessed and used to create food, or carbohydrates, is called photosynthesis. Can the energy of the sun be harnessed by humans to create energy? It can be and it is through the use of solar cells. Photosynthesis and solar cells are similar, yet different in a few ways. Creating Our Own Energy Humans have figured out how to use the power of the sun for energy. Using Solar panels containing semiconductors, we can turn the sun into electricity, a very popular form of energy. In this way, photosynthesis and solar cells are similar, both using the suns light to create a form of energy. The type of energy created, however, is where one difference comes into play. Plants create a chemical energy known as carbohydrates, a simple organic compound of oxygen, carbon and hydrogen, while solar cells use semiconductors to produce electricity. Use of Electrons Solar Cells and Photosynthesis both use a form of an electron transport system to create their energy. In...
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...Worksheet 8 A biological community of interacting organisms and their physical environment. Biotic- world of living organisms, can regenerate,renew themselves. Abiotic- world of non-living element , cannot regenerate,renew themselves. The difference of heterotrophs and autotrophs is that the autotrophs can make their own food while heterotrophs consume their food. Heterotrophs can be herbivorous, omnivorous, or carnivorous. A niche is really every aspect of a species. Its place in the ecosystem, both trophic, geographic, in terms of habitat, its diet, its breeding habits, what eats it The ultimate source of energy in our ecosystem is the sun. When it comes to plants the chloroplasts capture sunlight and use it as an energy source to create ATPs which in turn is used to make organic molecules like sugar. The energy stored in molecules is passed from one trophic level to the next in stages in the food chain.The ultimate fate of energy in ecosystems is for it to be lost as heat, the rest of the energy and nutrients are passed from organism to organism through the food chain as one organism eats another. (sun-plant-cow-human...etc) Decomposers remove the last energy from the remains of organisms. Inorganic nutrients are cycled back into the ecosystem. They work there way through the food chain starting with the producers and ending with the predators. Trophic relationships can be represented as a food web or as a food chain. A complex of interrelated...
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...John Donne's “The Sun Rising” 1. Type of poem: 1. Lyric 2. Rhyming: abbacddcee fggfhiihjj kllkibibmm (note that the last stanza has a slightly different rhyme scheme). 3. Three stanzas of ten lines apiece. First two lines are shorter than the rest. 2. Title & implications for theme: 1. Literal meaning; happens everyday 3. Approximate date & implications: 1. 1633; thus, this is a part of Donne's earlier, secular poetry (not the later, religiouslythemed poetry) 4. Elaborations re. theme: 1. Sun, for them, is centered on their bed (& bedroom) 2. Inevitability of natural cycles 3. Beloved as Petrarchan ideal (at least to a certain extent) 5. Structure of poetic argument: 1. Sets up several rhetorical questions & answers them 1. Use of the interrogative voice 6. Styles: 1. Informal; lucid (but dense); emotional; descriptive (and also somewhat analytical, because of interrogative structure). 7. Sources of the principle effects: 1. “Busy old fool, unruly Sun” (Donne 1:137). 1. Personification. See also “[s]aucy pedantic wretch”1 (Donne 5:137). Personification of the sun is evident throughout the poem. 2. “Love, all alike” (Donne 2:137). 1. Alliteration 3. “If her eyes have not blinded thine” (Donne 15:137). 1. Her eyes could (metaphorically) blind the (personified) sun. 1. Thus, tells us that she's linked to the Petrarchan ideal of feminine beauty. However, she also isn't because she's obviously attainable (being that she's in bed with the male narrator). 4. “Princes do but play us;...
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... Photosynthesis Vs. Semiconductor Based Solar Cell Biology – SCI 115 23 January 2012 Abstract This paper discusses photosynthesis and how it is used by plants to harness solar energy. It also discusses semiconductor-based solar cells and how they are able to harness solar energy and convert it to electricity. This paper also compares the two types of solar energy systems and provides an overview of how the two systems are alike and how they are different. In closing, this paper will briefly explain how the laws of thermodynamics apply to each of the two energy systems. Photosynthesis Photosynthesis is a process that transfers solar energy, or energy from the sun, into a chemical energy that provides nutrients to plants and animals all over the world. Without these important nutrients, plants, animals and humans would not be able to survive on earth. “Animals and plants get energy by metabolizing nutrient molecules made by photosynthesizers.” (Mader, 2010) Semiconductor-Based Solar Cell Before discussing what a semiconductor-based solar cell is, I would first like to define a semiconductor and then explain how it is used in a solar cell type environment. A semiconductor is, “a class of materials, such as silicon and germanium, whose electrical properties lie between those of conductors (such as copper and aluminum) and insulators (such as glass and rubber).” (Seale, 2003, Semiconductor). After many years of experimenting with solar...
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...6%” (RainTree, 2010). Nonetheless, more than half of plant and animal species make it their home. It is home to some magnificent creatures and even some unidentified species. The largest part of the plants and animals that exist in the rainforest are endemic, which means they do not live anywhere else in the world. For this paper, Team C will discover the different aspect of the rainforest; also, how it functions within itself. Rainforest Climate The rainforest climate is humid, and has rain most of the time. Michael, (2001),"The sun warms the land and sea and the water evaporates into the air. The warm air can hold a lot of water vapor. As the air rises, it cools. That means it can hold less water vapor” (para. 1). When the warm meets, the cold vapor happens, clouds produced, and clouds make rain. Adapting to the climate the plants make up the underlining of the rainforest. Moreover, the rainforest is hot because of where it is to the equator. In addition, its plant life will die out if the temperature changes. First and Second Laws of Thermodynamics flows The first law of thermodynamic state that energy cannot be destroys, it can only move from one form to the next, and it can be transfer. A number of essential cycles take place in the rainforest ecosystems, which is designed to help ensure the continuance flow of energy and nutrients throughout this ecosystem. The main...
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...Dangerous Truth Behind Microwaves America’s most convenient appliance – microwave ovens seem to be an absolute necessity in today’s fast-paced world. They are currently present in at least 90% of homes in America thanks to their ability to cook and reheat foods or beverages in a simple, rapid way.The majority of people use this kitchen appliance without question and often think they are a reasonable alternative to conventional ovens for reheating or cooking. However you may want to think twice before using your microwave, as it could be one of the worst things YOU do to your food. The way in which microwaves work and affect health In short, microwave ovens are kitchen appliances which are used to cook or reheat food by emitting microwaves. Microwaves are a form of electromagnetic radiation and are on the low energy end of the energy spectrum, second to radio waves. The waves are generated by something called a magnetron – something found within every microwave oven. Magnetrons produce an electromagnetic field with a microwave frequency of approximately 2,450 megaHertz (MGz), which is the equivalent to 2.4 gigaHertz (GHz). Microwaves produced within the microwave oven cause dialectric heating – they bounce around the inside of the oven and are absorbed by whatever is placed in the oven. Don’t believe it? View the scientific research linking microwaves to cancer, diabetes, and nutritional deficiency. In order for something to heat in a microwave oven, water must be present...
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...------------------------------------------------- Top of Form MS MR – cosmic love flight facilities ft Elizabeth rose – I didn’t believe cold war kids – lost that easy yeah yeah yeahs – despair mumford and sons – whispers in the dark jinja safari – hiccups jinja safari – mermaids empire of the sun – dna andy bull – baby I am nobody now architecture in Helsinki – in the future massive attack – teardrops spiderbait – buy me a pony blur – song 2 silverchair – tomorrow the wombats – lets dance to joy division muse – knights of cydonia queens of the stone age – no one knows grinspoon – chemical heart modest mouse – float on augie march – one crowded hour radiohead – paranoid android pixies – where is my mind pixies – here comes your man pixies – debaser the smiths – this charming man the smiths – there is a light that never goes out the smiths – asleep glasvegas – the world is yours glasvegas – euphoria, take my hand the big pink – hit the ground the big pink – crystal visions Bombay bicycle club – shuffle Bombay bicycle club – always like this Bombay bicycle club – lights out, words gone The wombats – Tokyo The wombats – jump into the fog The wombats – techno fan The wombats – 1996 Karise eden – threads of silence The kinks – waterloo sunset The kinks – you really got me The kinks – all day and all of the night The kooks – naïve The kooks – seaside Ray lamontagne – let it be me Ray lamontagne – trouble Kings of leon – supersoaker ...
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...Atmosphere The atmosphere of Earth is a layer of gases surrounding the planet Earth that is retained by Earth's gravity. The atmosphere protects life on Earth by absorbing ultraviolet solar radiation, warming the surface through heat retention (greenhouse effect), and reducing temperature extremes between day and night. Dry air contains roughly (by volume) 78% nitrogen, 21% oxygen, 0.93% argon, 0.038% carbon dioxide, and small amounts of other gases. Air also contains a variable amount of water vapor, on average around 1%. The atmosphere becomes thinner and thinner with increasing altitude, with no definite boundary between the atmosphere and outer space. Structure of the atmosphere Principal layers of the atmosphere The atmosphere of the Earth may be divided into several distinct layers, as the following figure indicates. [pic] Troposphere The troposphere is where all weather takes place. The air pressure at the top of the troposphere is only 10% of that at sea level (0.1 atmospheres).The troposphere begins at the surface and extends to between 7 km at the poles and 17 km at the equator, with some variation due to weather. The troposphere is mostly heated by transfer of energy from the surface, so on average the lowest part of the troposphere is warmest and temperature decreases with altitude. The troposphere contains roughly 80% of the mass of the atmosphere. The tropopause is the boundary between the troposphere and stratosphere. Stratosphere Above the...
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...PRODUCTION OF FLOUR FROM YAM TUBER By FAKOKUNDE OLADOTUN SEGUN (051100) A project report In the DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURAL ENGINNEERING Submitted to Faculty of Engineering and Technology In partial fulfillment of the award of degree of BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY LADOKE AKINTOLA UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY, OGBOMOSO, OYO STATE. SEPTEMBER, 2010. DEDICATION This project is dedicated to the Almighty God the giver of wisdom, knowledge and Understanding, who has favoured me in all things ACKNOWLEGDEMENTS My appreciation goes to my project supervisor Dr. A.B Fashina for Initiating the Project and supervising it; and for his Fatherly love. Also to my late parents Mr. & Mrs. Olukunle Fakokunde (J.P.) for the values that they have in Education which gave them the desire to see me through school even to the point of their death. Appreciation also goes to some lecturers and staffs of the department. Dr. S.O. Jekayinfa, Mr. Idowu, Mr. Adegboyega, Mr. Abegunrin, Dr. Taiwo for their words of encouragements and for their great desire to make impact. CERTIFICATION I certify that this project work was carried out by FAKOKUNDE OLADOTUN SEGUN Matric no: 051100 in the department of Agricultural Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Oyo State. ________________________ ___________________ Dr. A.B...
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...Not My Problem The September 11th 2001 terrorist attack on the World Trade Center was one of the most violent events that occurred in America in the past decade. People were horrified and shocked when they first learned that one of America’s most famous buildings had been attacked. It was a day where the entire country was in a state of mourning over those individuals who lost their lives in this catastrophic attack. Ironically, Thomas Hoepker’s photograph captures a group of five individuals casually observing this tragic attack on the World Trade Center in 2001 with no display of concern or grief. These individuals appear as if they are not worried about the thousands of lives that were lost on that sad day. At first glance, the first thing that comes to one’s mind is that these five individuals appear to be desensitized to violence. However, through further analysis we learn that these individuals are not desensitized to this violence but in fact feel a different sense of responsibility to express their feelings in the presence of others. Thomas Hoepker’s photograph shows a group of five individuals under the sun in a park near Brooklyn while a dark grey cloud of smoke fills the sky behind them as a result of the two buildings being under attack. The body postures of the individuals show that they acknowledge the disaster that is occurring behind them but that they appear to ignore this violence. The woman lying on her back is shown to be very oblivious of the situation at...
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...In Ernest Hemingway’s The Sun Also Rises, Jake Barnes, Robert Cohn and Lady Brett Ashley’s lives have been impacted by the outbreak of World War One. However, Cohn still lives by the pre-war values, mainly due to the fact that the war had little impact on him, unlike Jake who was injured in combat, or Brett, who lost her true love during the war. They all have characteristics that are similar with many people who were a part of what Gertrude Stein called “the lost generation”, a generation of people whose previous values were figuratively destroyed by the outbreak of World War I, and they wandered the post-war world without guidance, without a purpose. (Britannia 1 ) This is because Hemingway created these characters to symbolize a large portion of people in the 1920’s, through the characters attitudes, lifestyle and personalities. In doing so, Hemingway uses these three characters to represent different groups of people within the lost generation. Robert Cohn represents the people of the lost generation whose lives had been unaffected directly by the war, and those who still continued to live by failed the pre-war values of romance, morality and honor. Many of these people were outcasts; they were different, just like Cohn, and Cohn knew what it was like to be different. He spent a good portion of his life feeling like an outcast due to the fact that he was Jewish and Cohn never served in World War I, and was therefore typically scorned by people who had seen combat, like...
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...absurdity of happiness, this is apparent in the following sentence “But when he had seen again, the face of this world, enjoyed water and sun, warm stones and the sea,” (Albert Camus). Sisyphus is a hedonist, he takes great joy from the world and enjoys all the earthly pleasures of the warm sun, and the calm sea, he loves to live his life full of pleasure. However, the gods are determined to punish Sisyphus for not staying in the underworld after he had died. Consequently, he is taken by Mercury back to the underworld, were his rock is there ready for him....
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...XXXXX XXXXX British Literature 6 May, 2013 The Perception of War Through the Eyes of a Child J. G. Ballard’s literary work, Empire of the Sun, is a novel about a child’s experiences while living in Shanghai, China during World War II. Throughout the novel, Jim, an eleven-year old British lad, is forced to deal with a variety of issues related to the war. The brutal hardships, pain, and death associated with war typically take a massive toll on adults, wearing them down. Yet, in many young children and adolescents, it is often as if war is perceived as almost being a movie or a time of imagination. Adults and children often differ in their points of view regarding war and even deal with such events differently. However, regardless of one’s view of war, change still ensues and there is no escaping that harsh reality. Initially, Jim, the main character, is very young and very naive about the world and the ensuing war. Jim starts out as a young innocent lad, imagining how exciting it would be to be a fighter pilot, just like the Japanese pilots that fly over the city. Jim is very naïve as the only life he has ever known is one of privilege. This is because Jim was born into the class of the elite rich, who often looked down upon the Chinese and Japanese peasants that would plead for money in the streets. Jim even states, “All over the western suburbs people were wearing fancy dress, as if Shanghai had become a city of clowns” (p. 10). ...
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...similarities, and three differences between the two. The first of the similarities being the absorption of solar energy, the second being the transformation of solar energy into a different more useable form of energy, and finally the third being that they both use organic colorants to attract the sun’s rays. The three differences being that one produces chemical energy and the other electrical energy. The second difference is that one occurs naturally and the other is manmade, and the third difference is that one is cost effective and the other are expensive to produce. This paper will also describe how the laws of thermodynamics apply to each of the systems, giving the reader even further insight on the topic at hand. THE COMPARISON OF PHOTOSYNTHESIS AND SOLAR CELLS 3 The Comparison of Photosynthesis and Solar Cells Photosynthesis is the process in green plants and other organisms by which carbohydrates are synthesized from carbon dioxide and water using light as an energy source. Semi-conductor based solar cells, also known as photovoltaic cells, are a man made device that converts the energy of the sun into electric energy. Both of these systems absorb, and transform the suns energy into a more usable form. Photosynthesis does this when energy from light is absorbed by proteins called photosynthetic reaction centers that contain chlorophylls. In plants, these proteins are held...
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