...Socrates’ and Love In the Symposium written by Plato we are recounted on the speeches made on the praise of love, by six different men. Beginning with Phaedrus, leading up to Socrates. In Phaedrus speech he sees Love as the oldest of Gods (Plato 10). He indicates how powerful an army would become simply by composing it of lovers. All because one is their absolute greatest, less cowardly in the presence of their lover. Therefore, more willingly to die for each other. Phaedrus is quoted saying, “Love is the most ancient of the gods, the most honored, and the most effective in enabling human beings to quire courage and happiness, both in life and death” (13). He viewed dying for your lover as extremely admirable and brave, and believed even the gods viewed it this way. Phaedrus gives an example of Alcestis, who dies for her husband and then her life is returned by the gods because of her “fine act” (11)....
Words: 892 - Pages: 4
... My experience at a Sixth Century Athenian Symposium Growing up as the son of a well-known politician certainly has its perks and through time I have come to know that. My mother cared for me throughout my early childhood.1 She would always tell me stories of how she almost did not make it after giving birth to me and was relieved to find out I was a boy; for if I was born a girl my father would have certainly sent me away to either die or brought up in the life of servitude.2 Being apart of a family considered agathoi, when I was seven I went to school to learn the alphabet and memorize poetry.3 A few years later, my friends and I were invited to attend a symposim at the house of one of my father’s associate. Aware of the customs and traditions, my friends and I accepted. We had only heard about what goes on at symposium from older teenagers and among them their experiences varied, as well as their impressions. Needless to say, my friends and I were feeling a mixture of curiosity and fear. Prior to the evening’s festivities, my father had told me about the symposium and the importance of taking part in one within our culture. He had told me that it was an important event in a young man’s life where he learns from what is being discussing by the elder men as well as establishing important contacts that my help as I grew into an adult.4 The symposium was scheduled to begin after sunset.5 All the men, along with my...
Words: 885 - Pages: 4
...Alcibiades In Plato’s Symposium, multiple accounts of love (eros) are told with many different interpretations to the idea of love itself. Most significantly, the reader sees Plato rejecting the romanticism of sexual love, valuing above all else an asexual and all-consuming passion for wisdom and beauty. Mainly, he determines that the philosopher’s search for wisdom is the most valuable of all pursuits. In the Symposium, he values philosophy, as he shows with the voice of Socrates, over a number of other arts which are prearranged as points of comparison. For example, medicine, as shown by Eryximachus (who is a doctor and guest at the symposium), comedy, as shown by Aristophanes (an ancient comic poet and guest), and tragedy, as shown by Agathon (who invited everyone to partake in this symposium as he is celebrating his first victory in the dramatic festival). Socrates seems to be the last person to really give an account of eros in this story, as well as discussing the most important account of love that was given to him by Diotima. This account slowly puts together the puzzle-piece-like tellings of everyone at this symposium, leading to one final truth about love: that what one must try to do is ascend from loving particular kinds of beauty, as everyone described, to loving Beauty itself. Now, Socrates’ rendition of Diotima’s account seems to end the symposium. But this is not the case as Alcibiades shows up, making a less than sober appearance to the group. Alcibiades...
Words: 1234 - Pages: 5
...Aristophanes's Speech from Plato's Symposium Translated by Benjamin Jowett from Collected Works of Plato, 4th Edition, Oxford U. Press, 1953 (189c-189d) p 520 to (193d-193e) p 525 Aristophanes professed to open another vein of discourse; he had a mind to praise Love in another way, unlike that of either Pausanias or Eryximachus. Mankind, he said, judging by their neglect of him, have never, as I think, at all understood the power of Love. For if they had understood him they would surely have built noble temples and altars, and offered solemn sacrifices in his honour; but this is not done, and most certainly ought to be done: since of all the gods he is the best friend of men, the helper and the healer of the ills which are the great impediment to the happiness of the race. I will try to describe his power to you, and you shall teach the rest of the world what I am teaching you. In the first place, let me treat of the nature of man and what has happened to it. The original human nature was not like the present, but different. The sexes were not two as they are now, but originally three in number; there was man, woman, and the union of the two, of which the name survives but nothing else. Once it was a distinct kind, with a bodily shape and a name of its own, constituted by the union of the male and the female: but now only the word 'androgynous' is preserved, and that as a term of reproach. In the second place, the primeval man was round, his back and sides forming a circle;...
Words: 2009 - Pages: 9
...use examples from three different readings: The Symposium or The Lapiths by Lucian of Samosata, The Dream, or The Rooster by Lucian of Samosata and Sailing to the Underworld, or the Tyrant. From these passages, we can see clearly what is the definition of a symposium and what happen during this occasion. We can also learn about social marginal and their advantage over the rich people despite their insufficiency in life. Here, we see that being rich and wealthy, which is what the poor people have been trying to achieve, is not as pleasurable as it seems to be. A symposium is described as a private drinking party, usually is the consumption of wine. Besides the Theatre, it is the most important social event on the polis, and it is central to the aristocrats. Symposia are usually held in the Andron or the men’s room, which is the largest, best-decorated room in the aristocratic house. Symposia are held for specific occasions or festivals, and it is a way that an aristocrat shows off his wealth. The invited people and the space being provided in the symposia are very limited, therefore, these symposia gathering represents their social status. Foods and wine are served and entertainment is provided. On the other hand, a social marginal is anybody who does not belong to the aristocratic household. Examples of social marginal’s are, peasants (knemon), Micyllus, Brigands, beggars, the insane, cynic philosophers, hetairai. “The Symposium of the Lapiths” is a story of Philo and Lycinus...
Words: 550 - Pages: 3
...In the Symposium, Plato presents many points on Love (Eros) which are laid out by different speakers in the honor of Agathon. Phaedrus, Aristodemus, Pausanias, Socrates, Agathon, Aristophanes and Eryximachus all dedicated their symposium to the understanding of love by giving their opinion of how a person should commend it. Near the ending of the speech by Socrates, a beautiful, wealthy and drunk Alcibiades enters the event. This triggers the beginning of Alcibiades speech of travesty, which is disguised in praise, reciting the “secret nature” of Socrates to the guests at hand. The purpose of adding Alcibiades’ speech at the end is to display the nuisance with social expectations for love and the inability to meet them. The character of Alcibiades is used to portray the tragic nature of good merit and the tragedy. He is unable to gain virtue through sexual relations, and there for is forced to remain mortal. The purpose of the speech at whole is to celebrate the fertility of heterosexual relationships and how they are justified in giving birth to children. Alcibiades wants to engage in a relationship with Socrates which in terms is a homosexual relationship. To justify homosexual relationships, they would have had to prove them as productive as a heterosexual relationship. Meaning if what a heterosexual relationship can justify through Diotima’s speech is a child and a relationship which can be carried on in the future has to be the same of what a homosexual relationship can...
Words: 1314 - Pages: 6
...Forms of Love in Plato's Symposium Love, in classical Greek literature, is commonly considered as a prominent theme. Love, in present days, always appears in the categories of books, movies or music, etc. Interpreted differently by different people, Love turns into a multi-faceted being. In Plato’s work Symposium, Phaedrus, Pausania, Eryximachus, Aristophane and Agathon, each of them presents a speech to either praise or definite Love. Phaedrus first points out that Love is the primordial god; Pausanias brings the theme of “virtue” into the discussion and categorizes Love into “good” one or “bad” one; Eryximachus introduces the thought of “moderation’ and thinks that Love governs such fields as medicine and music; Aristophanes draws attention to the origin and purposes of Love; Agathon enunciates that the correct way to present an eulogy is first to praise its nature and gifts. As the last speaker, and the most important one, Socrates connects his ideas with Diotima of Mantinea’s story of Love’s origin, nature and purpose. Different from the earlier five speakers who regard Love as an object and praise different sides of it, Socrates, referring to Diotima’s idea, considers Love as a pursuit of beauty gradually from “physical beauty of people in general” (Symposium, Plato, 55) to the “true beauty” (55). The first five speeches bond with each other. Each of them mentions the opinions of the former one in order to either support or against them. However, just like the elements...
Words: 2565 - Pages: 11
...Platonic Love In the Symposium, which is normally dated at the beginning of the middle period, Plato introduces his theory of love. First thing to note is that in Plato’s theory, love is given and its existence is not questioned. The word love leaves the matter ambiguous as to whether we are discussing love in the normal, human, sense of the word, or if we are discussing desire in a much broader sense, but in this discussion we are only considering only love of type eros, love as a kind of desire that exists between two human beings. Symposium, is a dialogue by Plato, about a dinner party in honor of the tragedian Agathon, after they have finished eating Phaedrus suggests that each person in turn should make a speech about the praise of god of love. Symposium not only gives us theory of Forms in Diotima's discussion of the Form of Beauty, but it also gives us a number of varying perspectives on love. One more important thing to consider is that Diotima is not known to be a historical figure, and the way in which she is introduced suggests that she is almost certainly just a literary device developed by Plato to express his own ideas. In this theory, we see Plato rejecting the romanticization of sexual love, valuing above all an asexual and all-consuming passion for wisdom and beauty. Plato clearly regards actual physical or sexual contact between lovers as degraded and wasteful forms of erotic expression. Because the true goal of eros is real beauty and real beauty is...
Words: 1142 - Pages: 5
...Diogenes of Sinope was known for being different from the rest of society. Diogenes was popularly known as a Kyon, which in Greek means “dog.” The word cynic derives from Kyon and was later associated with the philosophy of cynicism which is “The end of life is virtue, not pleasure, and it can only be obtained by independence of all earthly possessions and pleasures” (Philosophy.lander.edu) as well as living a “living a life full of virtue in agreement with nature”(Philosophybasics.com). Diogenes lives in a barrel, and he happily demonstrates that there is more to life than just power and riches. The fact that he lives in such a simple manner, shows that he doesn’t need materials to be happy. In Tendryakov’s Revelations next to a Philosopher’s Barrel, Diogenes of Sinope is an outcast in society. Although he was an outcast, he was very popular because of how differently he lived his life and behaved around others. “There was only one person in the city who did not even stir to cast a glance at Alexander, the Macedonian king. He himself was famous both in Corinth and without it—Diogenes of Sinope, the strange sage. (Translator's Private Collection).” Diogenes was not like the rest of the Greeks, he kept to himself and didn’t really care too much for people of power. In this quote, he was the only one to not care for Alexander the Great or anyone else for that matter. The idea of not having any ethical duties in society is hard to imagine. Diogenes was detached from everyday human...
Words: 1142 - Pages: 5
...Aristophanes' speech comes in the form of a myth. Long ago, he explains, there were three genders: male, female, and androgynous, and each person was twice what they are now. That is, they had four hands, four legs, two heads, two sets of genitals, and so on. They could move both forward and backward and would run by spinning themselves around cartwheel-like on all eight limbs. Males were descended from the sun, females from the earth, and those who were androgynous were descended from the moon. They were very powerful and vigorous and made threatening attacks on the gods. The gods did not want to destroy them because they would then forfeit the sacrifices humans made to them, so Zeus decided to cut each person in two. He also suggested that if this didn't settle humans down, he would cut them in two once again and they would have to hop about on one leg. As each person was cut in two, Apollo turned their heads and necks around so that they would be facing toward the gash that had been made, so as to remind them constantly of the punishment they had been dealt. He also pulled their skin tight to cover up this gash, tying it together at the navel. Because they longed for their original nature, people kept trying to find their other half and reunite with it. When they found their other half, they would embrace and stay together, not wanting anything else. Eventually, people started dying of hunger or general inactivity. Zeus took pity on them, and moved their genitals...
Words: 620 - Pages: 3
...Planning a Mass Incarceration Symposium was the main focus of my service learning project. I chose this project, because in today’s society particularly pointed to the African American community many African American boys and men are being targeted for tedious crimes. While engaging in a group discussion one of my group members shared that he went to a mass incarceration symposium and his to experience was not pleasant, because it was boring yet he took some information with him from his time there. We decided to brain storm and come up with ways that will draw certain groups attention, mainly students, some came up with a few topics. The first topic was gun control which will allow us to educate students and the audience about the consequences...
Words: 352 - Pages: 2
...The Role of Corporate Law in Preventing a Financial Crisis: Reflections on In re Citigroup Inc. Shareholder Derivative Litigation Franklin A. Gevurtz* TABLE OF CONTENTS I. INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................. II. CITIGROUP AS A CASE STUDY IN EXCESSIVE RISK-TAKING .............................. III. TOOLS FOR CURBING EXCESSIVE RISK-TAKING AND THE ROLE OF CORPORATE LAW ............................................................................................... A. The Tools for Curbing Excessive Risk-taking ............................................. 1. Regulation of Business Activities .......................................................... 2. Capital Requirements ........................................................................... 3. Compensation Rules ............................................................................. 4. Liability for Unreasonable Risks .......................................................... 5. Selection of Management (Rules of Corporate Governance) ............... B. Dividing the Tools Between Banking and Corporate Law .......................... IV. WHY IT MATTERS: CITIGROUP AS AN ILLUSTRATION OF THE LIMITATIONS OF STATE CORPORATE LAW ........................................................ A. Citigroup As a Case Study In Weak Corporate Law................................... 1. Overview ..................................................
Words: 22913 - Pages: 92
...TTBS hosts Hemispheric Metrology Meeting and Symposium The Trinidad and Tobago Bureau of Standards (TTBS) hosts The Annual General Meeting of the Systema Interamericana de Metrologia (SIM) at the Cascadia Hotel and Conference Centre from the 10th to the 14th of October 2005. Delegates are expected from the 34 member states of the hemisphere; from Canada to Argentina. The AGM will precede a three day public Symposium and Workshop session which will highlight several Metrology topics. SIM is an association made up of all the National Metrology Institutions of the members of the Organisation of American States. In its own words SIM considers that its functions are;“… to promote international, particularly Inter-American, and regional cooperation in metrology, SIM is committed to the implementation of a Global Measurement System within the Americas, in which all users can have confidence. Working towards the establishment of a robust regional measuring system, SIM is essential for making the development of a free trade area in the Americas (FTAA) possible. “ National Metrology has been a legal consideration in Trinidad and Tobago since early in the 20th Century as evidenced by the Weights and Measures Ordinance of 1938. Modernisation of the national metrology system and the introduction of the metric system were attempted in the early 1970’s with the introduction of the Metrication and Metrology Bills. The passage of the Metrology Act was not accomplished until 2004...
Words: 1046 - Pages: 5
...‘YOUTH SURGE’ SYMPOSIUM SET FOR WORLD POPULATION DAY WASHINGTON— “Youth Surge,” a symposium on the global health, environmental and social implications of adolescents and youths who now account for nearly half of the world’s 6.5 billion people will be held at the National Press Club here from 2-4 p.m., Tuesday, July 11th, designated by the United Nations as World Population Day. The Population Institute, the United Nations Association/National Capital Area (UNA/NCA) and the United Nations Population Fund are co-sponsors of the event. Many of the world’s 3 billion people under the age of 25 are faced with health, economic, geographic and socio-cultural barriers. Studies have concluded that addressing young people’s principal needs and concerns is central to reducing global poverty and achieving sustainable development and population stabilization. Members of the symposium panel include Lester Brown, president and founder of the Earth Policy Institute, called “one of the world’s most influential thinkers” by The Washington Post; Carl Haub, senior demographer and Conrad Taeuber Chair of Population Information at the Population Reference Bureau; Dr. Laurie Schwab Zabin, former director of the Bill and Melinda Gates Institute for Population and Reproductive Health at Johns Hopkins University, and Mushahida Adhikari, a South African attorney who has developed legislation to address trafficking in children and women in her country. Twenty years ago, Brown...
Words: 550 - Pages: 3
...Year-end Symposium: Anti-Sexual Harassment Act “We ourselves are required to discover the human remedies for human maladies, to eradicate these shortfalls in human rights.” These were the words of Justice Shri S. Rajendra Babu of New Delhi, as quoted by Dr. Perla B. Estrella, Center of Human Rights Education (CHRE) Coordinator, in a symposium regarding “Anti-Sexual Harassment Act: Nature and Prevention, [R.A. 7877]” held at BPSU Dinalupihan Campus, on December 12, 2011, Monday, attended by the university administrators, members of the faculty, non-teaching personnel, and privileged members of the student publication. The program started at around 01:20 in the afternoon with an opening prayer, singing of the Philippine National Anthem, and BPSU Hymn, all in a multi-media presentation respectively. The Master of Ceremonies, Mrs. Candida S. Punla, read the “Panata Sa Karapatang Pantao” in connection with theme. Dr. Estrella formally welcomed the participants in her opening remarks, including the two resource speakers from the BPSU Main Campus, Mrs. Magdalena A. Abella and Ms. Arlene I. Pascual. According to her [Dr. Estrella], she was happy because the symposium was initially postponed in the advent of the Preparation for the University’s Accreditation. “Why am I happy? It is because incidentally, this symposium coincides with the celebration of the Declaration of the Universal Rights (Human Rights Day) being held in all countries every December 10.” In the...
Words: 2130 - Pages: 9
