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The Three Major Paradigms on Health Care

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Functionalist Perspective

Structural-functionalism is basically a theory that is based on consensus. It is a theory that views a society to be established in order, collaboration, and equilibrium to maintain a well-functioning group of society as a whole. According to the University of North Carolina, a Structural-Functionalism view “share norms and values as the basis of society, and focuses on social order based on tacit agreements between groups and organizations, and views social change as occurring in a slow and orderly fashion.” Functionalists acknowledge that change is sometimes necessary to correct social dysfunctions, but that it must occur slowly so that people and institutions can adapt without rapid disorder.

Influential functionalists emphasize medicine’s role to cure and to maintain the “normal” functioning of individuals and of society. It is a concept created by the American sociologist Talcott Parsons, a concept known as “sick role”. In this model, the “sick role” involves being compliant and wanting to get well. This can make people with incurable conditions, including disabled people who are classified as sick, seem to be deviant. The link between disability and social deviance that functionalists make influences health care and research and supports the continued dominance of professionally controlled health and welfare services for disabled people. According to the British Medical Journal “more than 70% of spending goes on the salaries of professionals working with disabled people” under current medical arrangements, and adds that, “Only recently has this been reduced through the funding of independent living schemes controlled by disabled people.” A functionalist perspective, in terms of healthcare, seems to be one that claims to enable devalued people to lead culturally valued lives. An example of this controversial approach, for

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