...Indian Tourism Industry Anurag Dugar* Competitiveness is a comparative concept, primarily applicable at the company or firm level (McFetridge, 1995) and indicates towards its willingness and ability to compete in a given market, but the contemporary usage of this term has extended its traditional meaning to new dimensions. However, for one school of thought, competitiveness is equally applicable to all business enterprises, levels of government and nonprofit agencies and workers of the postmodern nation state. (Hillman C. H. 1992), but for another the underlying premise for competitiveness is - ‘firms compete, and not nations’, for example, according to Krugman - "The world's leading nations are not, to any important degree, in economic competition with each other" (Wikipedia). Similarly, Porter holds that - diversified corporate do not compete; only their business units do. Thus, according to the second school of thought competition occurs at the business unit level and hence the ‘corporate strategy’ must reinforce and focus on nurturing the competitiveness of each (business) unit. From this perspective, Nations can be visualized as diversified conglomerates and its sectors, industries and firms as its diverse business units, and then the role, relevance, importance and impact of “Government Policies” (Corporate Strategy), on the competitiveness of its sectors, industries and firms (business units) is clearly elaborated and India (as a conglomerate) and its Tourism Industry (one...
Words: 5376 - Pages: 22
...1. Does the industry offer attractive opportunities for growth? Yes. Tourism is a sunrise industry. Many countries have substantial support it, because tourism can drive a lot of development of other industries such as restaurant and souvenirs business and hotel and so on. 2. What kinds of competitive forces are industry members facing, and how strong is each force? Rivalry among Competing Sellers: moderate to normal * Buyer demand is growing rapidly * Buyer costs to switch brands are low * Fixed and storage costs are low. * Competitors are roughly equal size and competitive strength. New Entrants: weak * Entry barriers are high * Significant experience- based cost advantage * High capital requirements Substitute: strong * Good substitutes are not readily available * Substitutes are attractively priced * Substitutes have comparable or better performance features * Buyers have low costs in switching to substitutes. Suppliers: weak * There is a surge in the availability of suppliers * Industry members’ switching costs to alternative suppliers are low. * Some of suppliers with large market shares. * Industry members accounts for a big part of suppliers’ sales * Buyers: moderate to normal * Buyer costs of switching to competing brands are low * Some of Buyers are well informed about...
Words: 526 - Pages: 3
...Information and Communication Technologies in Tourism Agenda 1. 1.1 ICT and tourism – introduction Tourism as information business 1.2 2. 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 eTourism – ICT usage in tourism ICT usage in tourism – overview and case studies Tourism stakeholders and interfaces Tourism suppliers and eTourism Intermediaries and eTourism Destination organisations and eTourism Tourism management and eTourism 3. 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.6 3.7 Trends and future applications Social Media & Web 2.0 Website optimisation Interoperability and semantic web Software agents Recommender systems Dynamic packaging Mobile services & ambient intelligence Online auctions in tourism 2 ICT in Tourism © copyright IFITT 1.2 eTourism – ICT usage in tourism Definition and history of eTourism Facts & trends Reasons, advantages and implications of ICT usage ECCA – eTourism Competence Center Austria 3 ICT in Tourism © copyright IFITT 1.2 eTourism – ICT usage in tourism Definition and history of eTourism Facts & trends Reasons, advantages and implications of ICT usage ECCA – eTourism Competence Center Austria 4 ICT in Tourism © copyright IFITT Introduction - ICT ICT - Information and Communication Technologies Umbrella term for technological developments for the Production, analysis, storage, search, distribution and use of information ICT includes a combination of hardware software telecommunications netware groupware humanware ICT enables effective data processing & communication...
Words: 2278 - Pages: 10
...The Economic Effects of Tourism Industry and Need for Sustainability Dheeraj K 213031 II Year Monsoon Semester (2014) The West Bengal National University of Juridical Sciences The Economic Effects of Tourism Industry and Need for Sustainability The Tourism industry is one of the biggest contributors to the global economy. It is a fast growing and constantly expanding industry. The tourism industry has other associated industries it thrives on and this makes this one of the most important sectors of the economy. This paper seeks to examine the economic impacts of the tourism industry, track its growth and effect on the global scale and discuss the need for a sustainable growth. Introduction The Tourism industry encompasses all the firms, organizations and facilities which are intended to serve the specific needs and wants of the tourists. It is a booming and ever growing industry which currently constitutes 9.2 percent of the World’s Gross Domestic Product (GDP). In the post-world-war era, most of the developing countries had to turn to tourism to increase revenues and remedies for balance of payments deficits. The nature of demand and supply conditions of the tourism industry has also influenced its growth. The industry utilizes simple technology and resources like sunshine, existing scenery and manpower. The demand for tourism is ever rising; from 25 million international tourists in 1950 to 1.087 billion in 2013. The industry has been clocking nearly...
Words: 2463 - Pages: 10
...ICTs in the Tourism Industry and its influences on the tourist consumer behaviour The tourism industry often needs a various range of information to satisfy and attracts its consumers and most of this information is delivered promptly to the customers with the help of the information and communication technologies (Poon, 1993). And as result, the global tourism industry is rapidly changing and the information and communication technologies ( ICTs) such as the internet is altering the structure of tourism industry and how it market his products and conducts its promotion. In order to understand the role and impacts that ICTs has in the wider tourism industry and to find its influences on the tourist consumer behaviour, it is advised to first know what ICTs are and to comprehend the study on consumer behaviour based on the tourism industry. Information and communication technologies are defined as the collective term given to the most recent development in the mode (electronic) and the mechanisms (computers and communications technologies) used for the acquisitions, processing analysis, storage, retrieval, dissemination, and application of information (Poon 1993 cited in Buhalis 2003, p 7). It can also be defined as “the use of digital tools for business functions and processes” (Cooper et al 2005, p.704). When tailing about ICTs, it consist of hardware (self service terminals), software (front office applications), and telecommunications (broadcast of images, teleconferencing...
Words: 3433 - Pages: 14
...1) Global Tourism Industry After a strong decline in global tourism in 2009, from 2010 onwards the industry began an impressive recovery (IBIS World, 2013). According to Secretary-General of UNWTO Taleb Rifai, 2013 was an excellent year for international tourism. This impressive trend predicts a flourishing industry ahead (Refer appendix - A). The tourism industry has diversified into many areas in recent times and the human instinct toward exploring untouched territories. Space tourism has been predicted to revolutionize the contemporary tourism activities. Even though the driving & resisting forces (Refer Appendix- C), space tourism will contribute immensely for the betterment of the global tourism industry in years to come. 2) Evolution of space tourism With the development of the telescope in 1609 by Galileo Galilei, people were able to see the universe in more detail and to find out the principles of the cosmos (Seo, 2013). In 1903, for it was then that Orville Wright flew 120 feet in 12 seconds. Sixty-six years later man had walked on the moon (Smith, 2009). These events are classic examples for the curiosity that the man had toward the exploration of the eternal space. If the era of space tourism has a birthday, it's On April 28, 2001. American businessman Dennis Tito became history's first space tourist, traveling to the International Space Station aboard a Russian Soyuz spacecraft. Forty years to the month after Yuri Gagarin became the first person in space (Wall...
Words: 723 - Pages: 3
...1.0 Introduction to Brazil Tourism Industry In Brazil, tourism is a key to the economy development of several regions of the country. This statement was further supported by Slob B. & Wilde J. (2006), in their published journal entitled ‘Tourism and Sustainability in Brazil’, regardless of anywhere in the world, tourism, indeed; is the fastest growing industry and it contributes the world economy with a gross output of over US$7 trillion, employing 11% of globe’s workforce, forming 11.5% of global GDP. While in Brazil, White (2006) found that the industry contributes 3.2% of the total country revenue in year 2005. According to World Tourism Organization (WTO), due to the devaluation of American Dollar against the Brazilian Real has made a favorable trend in International tourist arrival to Brazil to grow dramatically in 2007 and in early 2008. In spite of this, statistic in Table 1 shows that revenue had risen from USD 4.3 billion in 2006 to USD 5.7 billion in 2008. Table 1 Brazil International Tourism Arrivals 1995-2011 Year | International tourist arrivals (x1000) | Annual growth (%) | Total revenue (millions USD) | Annual growth (%) | 1995 | 1,991 | - | 972 | - | 2000 | 5,313 | - | 1,810 | - | 2003 | 4,133 | - | 2,479 | - | 2004 | 4,794 | 16.0 | 3,222 | 30.0 | 2005 | 5,358 | 11.8 | 3,861 | 19.8 | 2006 | 5,019 | -6.3 | 4,316 | 1.1 | 2007 | 5,025 | 0.1 | 4,953 | 14.8 | 2008 | 5,050 | 0.5 | 5,780 | 16.7 | 2009 | 4,802 | -4.9 | 5,305 | -8...
Words: 5336 - Pages: 22
...UNIT 1 The travel and tourism industry Introduction T he travel and tourism industry is one of the biggest and fastest growing industries in the UK. This unit will give you an introduction to the industry, providing a sound basis for further study. You will find out about the nature of the industry, its size and scale, and you will be introduced to the types of organisations that form its structure. In addition you will investigate the development of the industry and the factors which have affected the growth of travel and tourism. How you will be assessed This unit is assessed through an external assessment set by Edexcel. A variety of exercises and activities is provided in this unit to help you develop your understanding of the industry and prepare for the external assessment. After completing the unit you will achieve the following outcomes: ✱ Understand the nature and characteristics of travel and tourism and the travel and tourism industry ✱ Understand the development of the travel and tourism industry ✱ Explain the structure of the travel and tourism industry ✱ Explain the scale of the travel and tourism industry. UNIT 1: THE TRAVEL AND TOURISM INDUSTRY 1 1.1 The nature and characteristics of travel and tourism and the travel and tourism industry What is tourism? Defining tourism is not a simple matter, as it is a complex industry made up of many different businesses, the common theme being that they provide products and services...
Words: 17515 - Pages: 71
...HOSPITALITY AND TOURISM INDUSTRY Danielle Bates Darrin Stern HTM 100 03/10/2013 Managing a restaurant in Baltimore, Maryland has many operational challenges. Restaurants deal with food, people and are a vital part of our everyday lifestyles because we are a society on the go, we visit them several times a week to socialize, as well as to eat and drink. It is a serious combination because people are very sensitive about their food and service. Several different challenges come to play in the restaurant industry. These challenges include regulatory issues, social concerns and competitive issues. Regulatory issues are laws and systems that have been established to help ensure that the food served in restaurants is safe. Bacteria develop very easily if given the chance. The local Health Department will send out inspectors to make certain that the chefs and waiters are following the appropriate guidelines. Inspectors will issue penalties for minor violations and can shut you down for major violations. Some restaurants prepare for health inspections by holding random drills in which a manager or another member of the staff conducts a random mock inspection of the restaurant. This is designed to keep employees on their toes, and to identify problems, which will be spotted by the health inspector. Practice inspections can be performed using the same checklist utilized by the health department, to ensure that all aspects of a real restaurant health...
Words: 1145 - Pages: 5
...Between 1949 and 1976, China was closed-off to foreigners with the exception of a selected few. During that time, travel and tourism was for all intents and purposes considered a political activity. Domestic tourism hardly existed and outbound travel was limited almost exclusively to government officials. To Chairman Mao Zedong, leisure travel was considered a capitalistic bourgeois activity and therefore forbidden under Marxian principles. Turning point: Shortly after the Chairman's death, China's most famous economic reformist, Deng Xiaoping, opened up the Middle Kingdom to outsiders. Foreign visitors quickly flocked to this once forbidden destination. Contrary to Maoist ideology, Deng saw the monetary potential in tourism and began to promote it intensely. China quickly developed its own travel industry. Major hospitality and transportation facilities were constructed or renovated. New jobs such as service personnel and professional guides were created, and a National Tourism Association was established. Inbound: - In 1978, an estimated 1.8 million tourists entered the country, with the majority coming from neighboring British Hong Kong, Portuguese Macau, and Taiwan. - By 2000, China welcomed over 10 million new oversea visitors, excluding the aforementioned three locations. Tourists from Japan, South Korea, Russia, and the United States comprised the largest share of that inbound population. - In 2010, China became the third most visited country in the world...
Words: 362 - Pages: 2
...abundance of studies that show how tourism greatly impacts environmental sustainability in various ways. The purpose of this report is to explore and analyze the activities that occur in the tourism industry as a whole, which cause a negative impact on the environment. Tourism and the environment are interrelated in a complex way, with many variables. This report will address three main issues. This first issue is how the tourism industry faces a conflict of interest between investors wanting short-term return on investment and environmentally sustainable management. Second, environmental issues are often times limited to only natural environment, with a major focus on pollution, global climate change, resources consumption, and habitat/ecosystems. These issues remain very important, however, in order for effective environmentally sustainable management to take place, a broader topic of sustainability must be covered which includes dimensions of economics, equity and environment. This report will explain how ecotourism aims to address these issues. The third issue is “greenwashing.” A lack of standardization in ecotourism allows for some companies to deceive customers into thinking they have implement environmentally sustainable practices, when in reality they are simply taking advantage of the rising popularity of ecotourism to boost revenues. This paper will explore what has been done so far to address sustainability issues and what practices tourism operators need to adopt to become...
Words: 2788 - Pages: 12
...In recent years, a few large national hotel chains such as Marriott, Best Western, and Hilton have dominated the hotel industry. Travelers are familiar with establishments that exemplify dependability and quality at reasonable rates. Many hotels recognize the importance of brand loyalty to guests. In doing so, they have expanded their lodging options that are under one corporate name which includes a variety of hotels from limited service, affordable type hotels, and luxury inns. To help understand the tourism industry and the impact it has on the economy, this paper will cover a brief history with an overview, a SWOTT analysis of the Marriott Hotel, defining and addressing the impact of the real GDP, unemployment rate, inflation rate, consumer confidence, foreign exchange rate, and oil and gas prices. Brief History & Industry Overview People travel for numerous of reasons such as for family vacations, business seminars, weddings, or just for a spontaneous getaway. A majority of them rely on hotels to accommodate them while their out of town. Hotels are considered more than just a place to stay, but a destination that offers a diverseness of activities to keep travelers occupied during their stay. Hotels differ as the many family and business travelers they accommodate. They range from 5-star hotels, bed and breakfast inn, to youth hostels. The main objective is simply providing a place to spend the night. However, if one chooses to stay longer a hotel can accommodate...
Words: 2164 - Pages: 9
...Business Tourism as an Industry Driver Lilla Széplaki DISSERTATION FOR BA (HONS) IN TRAVEL AND TOURISM MANAGEMENT OXFORD BROOKS UNIVERSITY AND INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS SCHOOL – BUDAPEST 2007/2012 1 Acknowledgements Hereby, I would like to express my deepest appreciation to the Sales team of the Budapest Marriott Hotel, who gave their assistance informing me about all the needed data. I would like to thank to the people with whom I have had interview and also for my former colleagues from the Kempinski Hotel Corvinus. They supported me in my research work. I am deeply indebted to my supervisor Mr Alan Godsave. His suggestions helped me to write this thesis. 2 Table of Content 1. 2. Introduction......................................................................................................... 4 Literature review ................................................................................................ 7 2.1. 2.2. 2.3. What is Tourism? ........................................................................................ 7 The World Tourism Organization (UNWTO) .......................................... 8 Current situation of business tourism ....................................................... 9 Globalisation ......................................................................................... 9 International Trends .......................................................................... 10 The affecting factors of Business Tourism .......
Words: 14443 - Pages: 58
...Emerging Issues in the Tourism Industry (In case of Switzerland) Introduction According to the World Economic Forum's annual Travel & Tourism Competitiveness Report which was released at the Global Tourism Forum (GTF) in Andorra; Switzerland and some other countries were considered as the most beautiful environments for developing the tourism and travel industries. Tourism always plays a vital role in the economy of any country and it plays the same role in Switzerland. But, it has been struck by the economic condition in Switzerland, because of the world economic recession. Tourists come to Switzerland because of its natural beauty, but with the continuing strike in many areas of Switzerland; it results in the improvement of tourism in Switzerland in recent years. Tourism Growth "Our report measures different factors that make it beautiful to make the tourism and travel industry of one country," said Jennifer Blanke, Lead Director and Economist of the World Economic Forum's Centre for Global Performance and Competitiveness. "The top rankings countries Switzerland, France, Germany and Austria show the significance of regulatory frameworks and supportive business, matched with world-class tourism and transport infrastructure, and a focus on rising natural and human resources for increasing an environment that is beautiful for making the tourism and travel sector." This analysis of the cross-country of the drivers of competitiveness in tourism and travel offers helpful...
Words: 5566 - Pages: 23
...IT and Internet’s Impact on Tourism and Hospitality Industry: Implementations of technologies for Hilton Hotels Group. Demonstrate critical and evaluative interpretation and application of theoretical IT/ e-business concepts to a current tourism and hospitality market situation in order to build sustainable competitive advantage. I Introduction Accompanying the technological revolution of the 1990s there are many new opportunities and challenges for the tourism and hospitality industries. Since tourism, global industry information is its life-blood and technology has become fundamental to the ability of the industry to operate effectively and competitively. Poon (1993) suggests that the whole system of information technologies is being rapidly diffused throughout the tourism industry and no player will escape information technologies impacts. The report below gives an insight into the importance of application of information technologies and the use of Internet in tourism and hospitality industries. Two given strategic frameworks provide the analysis of the Internet and its impact on these sectors. This paper also aims to show how technological innovations and information systems can be beneficial for the hotel companies, by using the example of Hilton Hotels Group. II IMPORTANCE OF TECHNOLOGY IN TOURISM AND HOSPITALITY SECTORS Market wisdom today suggests that hospitality companies must embrace technology to compete against traditional competitors, as well as entrants...
Words: 3156 - Pages: 13
