...SCENARIO Leo R. is a 45-year-old patient with diabetes and is a widower with three young children. Two of Leo’s children suffer from chronic medical conditions. His oldest daughter, like Leo, has insulin-dependent diabetes. His only son suffers from grand mal epilepsy, which is poorly controlled by a plethora of medications. Leo works for a small printing business, a job he enjoys, but one that makes it difficult for him to make ends meet. With only six employees, the company’s owner cannot afford to offer health insurance. Leo’s annual salary of $30,000 allows him to purchase only the most basic of health plans, one that does not include coverage for prescription medications. Leo frequently must decide between medications and food, often opting for cheap junk food that is neither nutritious for his young family nor appropriate for a diabetic diet. Leo has recently applied for and been offered several other jobs, but at a lower salary and with no health insurance coverage. Recently, Leo’s diabetes has worsened. He has developed a serious infection that has led to lost wages and, far worse, the loss of his right leg below the knee. Leo is weighing his options. He has heard about a new clinical research trial open to insulin-dependent diabetics that pays $100 a week to research subjects. He has also been quite depressed and begun to wonder if his children might not be better off without him. He has several life insurance policies that would pay off generously if something were to happen...
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...discuss ethics and law when marketing their products. Any marketing manager understands that there are cut and dry solutions to ethical issues that will occur during the normal course of business (Pharmaceuticals, n.d.). The Bureau of Consumer Protection’s places everything in perspective that all communication in the United States must be truthful. The Federal Trade Commission Act (FTC) looks for dishonesty and deception towards customers that try to change their decision to purchase medications. FTC monitors truth-in-advertising laws especially with kids, but there have been a lot of immoral practices in advertisements over time. The most moral decision is not to promote to children but in this case to the parent. Children's ad urges children to get dependent on products that induce on social development (Media, 2004). Cigarette advertising is matched to marketing consumers for distinct programming while alcohol advertising is allowed on all television channels. It is important that organizations consider the right choice of their product before proceeding in advertising. Other advertisement ads with high demands that are permissible for promoting fast food products that doctors and everyone else can see is high risk for future obesity with children (Media,...
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...when in the business of providing consumable products to the public. Unfortunately, there are pharmaceutical corporations operating in the U.S. who are not abiding by the law and who are endangering public safety. Introduction This case study involves a pharmaceutical company that violated the intellectual property rights of a foreign nation; violated state compounding regulations, and violated product safety laws. The company established a compounding pharmacy to mass-produce a new drug formulation that executives believed would earn huge profits. The most disturbing aspect of this case is that there was a tremendous loss of life as a result of the company’s decisions. The federal government has granted authority to the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to ensure drugs are safe for human consumption. Today, the FDA faces obstacles relating to lack of oversight control, funding, and human resources needed to provide adequate oversight over compounding pharmacies. This paper covers a broad-brush of ethical and legal issues relating to the PharmaCARE case study. The aspects of this case provide insight into federal and state law, corporate values, direct-to-consumer advertising, product safety, and intellectual property. Research into these issues uncovered a very similar case in Framingham, Massachusetts, where a compounding pharmacy produced mass quantities of a steroid that contained mold. The federal government can...
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...health, as "a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity."(p. 26) However, many people criticized and questioned the words "complete", "mental", "social", "disease", "infirmity" and their meanings. Daniel Callahan eventually proposed a short yet solid statement on the definition of health, as "a state of physical well-being."(p.66). Why has so much effort been made to determine a proper definition of health? Because it is important to us. Health is an essential aspect of our lives and its significance cannot be minimized. Therefore, it is natural for humans to pursue good health. But consequentially, does that give humans the right to healthcare? According to the WHO Constitution, "the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of health is one of the fundamental rights of every human being…" In order to attain that standard however, healthcare services are required. Services such as treatment, diagnosis, and prevention provided by medical practitioners play a vital role in people's well-being. One might say that it is their responsibility but on what grounds? In this paper, I argue that healthcare is not a basic human right because for one, physicians should not have a moral obligation to serve the public and two, the resources available will not be able to satisfy everyone's healthcare demands. A right to healthcare puts pressure on the people who practices medicine. Ostensibly, it becomes an obligation that needs...
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...Unethical Marketing of Prescription Drugs: Misleading Direct-To-Consumer Advertising and Disease Mongering. October 3, 2011 Unethical Marketing of Prescription Drugs Introduction The purpose of this ethical paper is to investigate the marketing tactics being used by pharmaceutical companies and discuss the ethical issues involved. The primary source of information discussed in this paper was gathered from analysis of business and scholar journals, case studies, and current news articles. The main focus of my research was placed on the unethical practices of pharmaceutical companies and the current marketing regulations in the United States. The unethical practices primarily covered in this paper include disease/fear mongering, and the misuse of direct-to-consumer & physician-directed marketing to increase the profits of pharmaceutical firms. But before we get into the unethical practices taking place in today’s pharmaceutical industry, let’s take a look at the idea of ethics. So, what exactly is ethics? Merriam-Webster defines ethics as “the discipline dealing with what is good and bad and with moral duty and obligation,” and “a theory or system of moral values” (Merriam-Webster, 2011). As you can see, this is a complex but vague definition to say the least. In today’s world of international business where firms operate across cultural boundaries and face stiff competition in the fight for profits, it’s even more difficult to clearly define the meaning of...
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...characteristics distinguishes moral standards from other sorts of standards? a. moral standards are purely optional b. moral standards take priority over other standards, including self-interest c. moral standards cannot be justified by reasons d. moral standards must be set or validated by some authoritative body 2. Choose the statement that gives the most accurate description of etiquette: a. the rules of etiquette are a fundamental branch of morality b. conformity with the rules of etiquette is sufficient for moral conduct c. etiquette refers to a special code of social behavior or courtesy d. the rules of etiquette are backed by statutory law 3. Our relationship with the law is best described by which of the following? a. To a significant extent, law codifies a society’s customs, norms, and moral values. b. The law is a completely adequate guide to the moral standards that we should follow. c. The law makes all immoral conduct illegal. d. Violating the law is always immoral. 4. Which of the following is not one of the four basic kinds of law? a. statutes b. constitutional law c. common law d. contractual law 5. A proper perspective of religion and morality is a. only religion can tell us what is right and wrong b. it’s not true that morality must be based on religion c. religion never influences people’s moral beliefs d. without religion, people wouldn’t have a reason to act morally 6. When religion and morality are considered, a. the moral instructions...
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...it to the consumers all around the world. As most of the banana production takes a place in the tropics, the largest consumers are the U.S., the European Union and Japan. Chiquita, Dole and Del Monte who are also known as “the big three” control 60 percent of the global banana trade. Dole was founded in Hawai in 1851 and had reported revenues of US $6.9 billion in 2007, being the largest producer and marketer of high-quality fresh fruits and vegetables. Del Monte is one of the largest and well known producers, distributors and marketers of premium quality, branded food and pert products for U.S. generating US $3.4 billion in net sales in 2007. Chiquita which has been the largest employer in Latin America for many years, was founded 1899 and is known for revolutionizing the banana trade by using refrigerated ships for the first time. In 2007, Chiquita was the leading distributor of bananas In the United States with annual revenues of US $4.7 billion. Chiquita and terrorist ties Chiquita has been known as a rapacious multinational corporation for a long time. Company has been blamed for having farmers work for long hours in dangerous conditions, contaminating water with agrochemicals and harming tropical forests for expansion. Its operations in Colombia have been the most controversial topic for a long time due to the instability of the region and the country. However in 1996, Better Banana Project led by Dave McLughin, persuaded Chiquita to allocate US $20 million to overhaul...
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...Nova Southeastern University Wayne Huizenga Graduate School of Business & Entrepreneurship Integrating Values - The Legality, Morality, and Social Responsibility of Caffeine-Alcohol Drinks Introduction The subject of this paper being presented is a specific review of how Phusion Projects, maker of the Four Loko alcoholic drink, acted between 2005 and 2010 in regards to their operation within the caffeinated alcoholic drink market. The paper will review the FTC and FDA legal issues specific to 2010 that were filed against Phusion Projects. There will be 3 different ethical theories used to determine how the company morally acted in their choices. The ethical theories that will be used are Utilitarian, Kantian, and Machiavellian views. Finally, we will review how Phusion Projects handled their social responsibilities. We will be limiting the focus of the paper to the decision to operate within the caffeinated alcohol energy drinks and the marketing decisions made by Phusion Projects. Their actions were important because they forced the government to ban the niche market they had worked so hard to operate within. To better understand the case we have included this brief overview of the market and specifics to Phusion Projects and the Four Loko product. Phusion Projects was formed in 2005 by a group of 4 friends. They chose to enter the alcohol energy drink market based on current drinking trends at that time. Red Bull and vodka was...
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...Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia | [hide]This article has multiple issues. Please help improve it or discuss these issues on the talk page. | This article lends undue weight to certain ideas, incidents, or controversies. (December 2013) | This article is outdated. (December 2013) | This article needs additional citations for verification. (October 2014) | | | Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs | Governments of opium-producing Parties are required to "purchase and take physical possession of such crops as soon as possible" after harvest to prevent diversion into the illicit market. | Signed | 30 March 1961 | Location | New York City | Effective | 8 August 1975 [1] | Condition | 40 ratifications | Parties | 185[1] | Depositary | Secretary-General of the United Nations | Languages | Chinese, English, French, Russian and Spanish | Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs at Wikisource | The Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs of 1961 is an international treaty to prohibit production and supply of specific (nominally narcotic) drugs and of drugs with similar effects except under licence for specific purposes, such as medical treatment and research. As noted below, its major effects included updating the Paris Convention of 13 July 1931 to include the vast number of synthetic opioids invented in the intervening thirty years and a mechanism for more easily including new ones. From 1931 to 1961, most of the families of synthetic...
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...Chapter Six EVASION OF SERVICE OF SENTENCE Art. 157. Evasion of service of sentence. — The penalty of prision correccional in its medium and maximum periods shall be imposed upon any convict who shall evade service of his sentence by escaping during the term of his imprisonment by reason of final judgment. However, if such evasion or escape shall have taken place by means of unlawful entry, by breaking doors, windows, gates, walls, roofs, or floors, or by using picklocks, false keys, deceit, violence or intimidation, or through connivance with other convicts or employees of the penal institution, the penalty shall be prision correccional in its maximum period. Art. 158. Evasion of service of sentence on the occasion of disorder, conflagrations, earthquakes, or other calamities. — A convict who shall evade the service of his sentence, by leaving the penal institution where he shall have been confined, on the occasion of disorder resulting from a conflagration, earthquake, explosion, or similar catastrophe, or during a mutiny in which he has not participated, shall suffer an increase of one-fifth of the time still remaining to be served under the original sentence, which in no case shall exceed six months, if he shall fail to give himself up to the authorities within forty-eight hours following the issuance of a proclamation by the Chief Executive announcing the passing away of such calamity.chanrobles virtual law library Convicts who, under the circumstances mentioned...
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...Introduction This Report is based on portfolio background information based around SQUARE Pharma and current trading environment including export-Import trends of SQUARE, FDI prospects and challenges, global production, globalization and its impact in business, research and development of SQUARE and Ethical issues involved in international business. As SQUARE is the top local pharmaceuticals company of Bangladesh so we have chosen it for our report so that we can have a wider view of our concern topics. Basically what we want to cover is the current export situation of the company, the problem that it is facing and solutions they are applying. Besides these we have also recommended some suggestions from our end which can be applied for the betterment of their export business. Objectives We have divided the objective of this report into two parts. One is general and the other is more specific. These objectives are stated below: ❖Primary objectives: Basically our initial objective was to complete the assigned task of term paper for the course of International Business. The topic with which we were assigned was identifying problems and solution of a particular company of export-import industry of Bangladesh. While completing this task firstly we have chosen SQUARE Pharmaceuticals Ltd. Bangladesh because it is the topmost local pharmaceuticals in our country. ❖Secondary objectives: Main focus of our report was to study the areas as follows: 1. To know about the SQUARE Pharmaceuticals...
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...Legal and Ethical Considerations in Marketing, Product Safety, and Intellectual Property Name: Hanadi Rabadi Course: LEG 500 Professor: Gus Weekley Date: 09/01/2014 Legal and Ethical Considerations in Marketing, Product Safety, and Intellectual Propertyt Inreduction Ethical dilemma may be defined as a situation where one has to make a decision but the decision to be made has some impact on either of the choices taken. In different organizations, there are times where a manager may be faced by ethical dilemmas that he or she is supposed to look into. The process may be difficult since the manager has to deal with such situations without discriminating on any individual. Any activity that relate to business management in relation to the society, consumers, and the business itself should consider all ethical issues relating to the environment. It is important for business owners to alight ethical issues to their business plans. Ethical issues may relate to advertising and marketing, regulation of product safety, and intellectual property. Marketing and advertising, relating to any industry in the market, may have different forms of ethical issues. For example, advertising may be unethical when the content in the advertisement has unethical issues such as the use of harsh language or pictures that may not be pleasant to all age groups (Ashcroft, 2007). It is important for advertising agencies to consider all ethical factors while posting any advertisement to the public...
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...Legal and Ethical Considerations in Marketing, Product Safety, and Intellectual Property LEG 500 August 26, 2014 Legal and Ethical Considerations in Marketing, Product Safety, and Intellectual Property Ethical dilemma may be defined as a situation where one has to make a decision but the decision to be made has some impact on either of the choices taken. In different organizations, there are times where a manager may be faced by ethical dilemmas that he or she is supposed to look into. The process may be difficult since the manager has to deal with such situations without discriminating on any individual. Any activity that relate to business management in relation to the society, consumers, and the business itself should consider all ethical issues relating to the environment. It is important for business owners to alight ethical issues to their business plans. Ethical issues may relate to advertising and marketing, regulation of product safety, and intellectual property. Marketing and advertising, relating to any industry in the market, may have different forms of ethical issues. For example, advertising may be unethical when the content in the advertisement has unethical issues such as the use of harsh language or pictures that may not be pleasant to all age groups (Ashcroft, 2007). It is important for advertising agencies to consider all ethical factors while posting any advertisement to the public. In addition, marketing may lead to unethical issues...
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...human embryo to create any new, specialized type of cell (Brignier and Gewirtz S337). Embryonic stem cells are very useful for cell based therapies because they can Develop into more than 220 cell types that are found in an adult, and they have the ability To reproduce in large numbers. They are capable of almost unlimited cell divisions when Placed in culture. This makes embryonic stem cells very flexible and versatile. Using Stem cells to learn about the ways that these cells differentiate, grow, and renew will also Have profound results in the study and cure of cancers, birth defects, diabetes, and spinal cord Injuries, and other diseases caused by dysfunctional cell replication. Research on 3 Embryonic stem cells can also improve drug safety, as a drug can be tested on a stem cell Line before use in a patient (Louis 2009). The embryonic stem cells are extracted from The inner cell mass during the early blastocyst phase of embryonic development. After an Egg is fertilized, generally during in vitro in the laboratory, it begins dividing. The Blastocyst is a hollow ball of about 150 cells. The inner cell mass are the cells located in The inner part of the ball, and once extracted, the embryo is no longer viable or living (Monk 35). Hence, the controversy arises with destruction of the embryo. The use of the other type of stem cells, adult stem cells, in research and treatments Does not destroy an embryo. But adult stem cell applications have limitations, as will be Noted. Research...
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...well-run company that produced high-quality products that saved millions of lives and enhanced the quality of life for millions of others” according to the scenario. However, there has been some unethical behavior going on that involves issues relating to marketing and advertising, intellectual property, and regulation of product safety. This paper will discuss some ethical issues relating to marketing and advertising, intellectual property, and regulation of product safety; argue for or against Direct-to-Consumer marketing by drug companies; determine who regulates compounding pharmacies under the current regulatory scheme, what the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) could/should have done in this scenario, and whether the FDA should be granted more power over compounding pharmacies; decide whether PharmaCare’s use of Colberian intellectual property would be ethical in accordance with utilitarianism, deontology, virtue ethics, ethics of care, my own moral/ethical compass; analyze the way PharmaCare uses U.S. law to protect its own intellectual property while co-opting intellectual property in Colberia; suggest three ways the company could compensate the people and nation of Colberia for the use of its intellectual property and the damage to its environment; compare...
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