...Eugenics Intro The Theory of Eugenics was a widely embraced during the early 20th century. Canada and Germany both have their roots tied to misapplication of Darwinism that emerged from Britain. The term Eugenics first appeared in England and was coined by Francis Galton in 1869. Galton and supporters of eugenics promoted Social Darwinism, which applied the concept of biological evolution to societies. This embraces the notion that human societies can evolve into “superior” forms. These Governments targeted marginalized groups and applied the principles of racial hygiene using forced sterilization, and genocide. Even though Canada and Germany used different over arching strategies, but their main objective was to determine who is fit to be apart of the nation. Similarities During the 1930’s eugenics benign form promoted healthy living and “social purity”. However in its tyrannical form, the program-sought ways to ensure “fit” members of society that portrayed undesirable elements were bred out of the population. In most countries where eugenics beliefs were enshrined in legislation, efforts were made to limit reproduction among “unfit” groups through public education, institutionalization and forced sterilization. While Nazi Germany, eugenics beliefs woven into nationalism led to the forced sterilization thousands. They created concentration camps for Jewish and the “Lebensborn” program in which young German women with classic Nordic features forced to mate with members...
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...having an abortion, she is being treated as a means by which to bring another human being into existence. Telling her that she has no choice but to have the baby is essentially treating her as a vessel by which a life is to be born out of, rather than a human being with the right to decide whether or not she should bring a new life into the world. Callahan discussed how embryonic life can only exist from a woman’s participation in the genetic inheritance of the human species as a whole (1. Callahan, Reader, pg. 17). In other words, the woman’s baby is her contribution to the genetic inheritance of the human species as a whole. Callahan would argue that in having the baby regardless of whether she wanted it or not, she is acting according to the categorical imperative in that she is acting for humankind and not in anticipation of her own well-being or cost-benefit (2. Callahan, Reader, pg. 17). However, according to Kant, if an action is good only as a means to something in particular- in this case, for furthering the genetic inheritance of the human species- it is a hypothetical imperative (3. SPE reader, pg. 57-58). What keeps denying abortion to women from being a categorical imperative is that, even though one could rationalize that the woman having the baby is good for humankind,...
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...OOPS Concept with Real-world example Introduction OOP is Nothing but Object Oriented Programming.According to Wikipedia, Object-oriented programming (OOP) is a programming paradigm that uses "objects" and their interactions to design applications and computer programs. OOPs have following features 1. Object - Instance of class 2. Class - Blue print of Object 3. encapsulation - Protecting our data 4. polymorphism - Different behaviors at diff. instances 5. abstraction - Hidding our irrelavance data 6. inheritence - one property of object is aquring to another property of object 1. Object Basically an object is anything that is identifiable as an single material item. You can see around and find many objects like Camera, Monitor, Laptop etc. In OOP perspective, an object is nothing but an instance of a class that contains real values instead of variables 2. Class A class is a template definition of the methods and variables for a particular kind of object. In other words, class is the blue print from which an individual objects are created. every human has eye ,so eyecolor can be considered as the property of human being which can be encapsulted as a data in our class Human class Human { private: EyeColor IColor; NAME personname; }; Consider object of class of Human myhuman; we want set myhuman's name as "linto" and IColor as "black", For that we want methods to do that task. So need methods...
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...other. A tradition implies an established method or practice; belief or custom, passed on to us by our ancestors. Much of what we do today has its roots in the past. Usual rituals, like the practice of throwing rice over the shoulder and a bride kicking a container of rice before entering her new house after marriage, have their origin in our traditions and are, in no way related to any logic or religion. Modernism is in total contras with the ideas or methods of the traditional ones. Old, it is said, is gold and should be preserved carefully. But it is also an unavoidable fact that old is to be given up for good to enter the New Era. We cannot go on sticking to our past customs traditions and roots simply because they have come by inheritance. The world has to move on. Hence the presence of the conflict between the traditional and the modern. What must not be forgotten, however, is that in spite of our desire to be modern, we must maintain a proper balance between the two? Too much observance of traditions and customs is contrary change. We start believing that there is nothing wrong with them. There is a lot in our ancient customs, still practiced today, that is not only meaningless, but even evidently harmful the modern society. Take for example, the practice of dowry. In the modern context, dowry is an evil that forces ambitious girls, whose parents are poor, to remain unwed. The practice needs to be done away with entirely. Another evil practice of the same magnitude...
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...found in our chromosomes,which parents pass on to offspring in their sex cells in reproduction. Different versions of the same gene are called alleles, and these can determine features like eye colour, and the inheritance of disorders such as cystic fibrosis. DNA the nucleus controls the activities of a cell. The instructions for how an organism develops are found in the nuclei of its cells Chromosomes Chromosomes are structures found in the nucleus of most cells. They consist of long strands of a substance called deoxyribonucleic acid, or DNA for short. A section of DNA that has the genetic code for making a particular protein is called a gene. The proteins can either be: structural proteins such as the ones found in muscles and hair enzymes, such as proteases and other digestive enzymes Variation Individuals differ in all sorts of ways, even when they are offspring of the same parents. These differences are called variation. Most characteristics, such as height, are determined by several genes working together. They are also influenced by environmental factors. These include: Climate, diet, physical accidents, culture&lifestyle Identical twins Identical twins are genetically the same. They are a good example of the interaction between inheritance and the environment. For example, an identical twin who takes regular exercise will have better muscle tone than one who does not exercise. All of the differences that you see between identical twins, for example...
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...Mule Killers Most people would say that love is a concept which will always be a mystery to man, because it is so changeable, and therefore it will always be able to fool and distort man’s thoughts. Love can both be happy and miserable, and this makes it very powerful and therefore able to control the entire behavior of a person. Throughout a lifetime people will unavoidably experience things that will have a certain impact on the individual’s personality as well as further development. These experiences will often become memories that will follow them their entire life. Being introduced to a world of adulthood is one of these experiences expressed in Mule Killers by Lydia Peele. The narrator is a son whose father reveals secrets from his youth while they are doing an asparagus garden together. Our protagonist is therefore the boy’s father. The setting is the agricultural landscape of America. The use of mules suggests the agricultural side of America as well as the slaughtering of the mules suggests the arrival of modern machinery. In the story the father is a teenager and he is confused about growing up and at the same time he, like many teenage boys, has a difficult time expressing his feelings. In the beginning of the text his feeling are described “trying hard to keep certain things stuffed deep inside his chest: things like fear, sadness, and uncertainty. He expects to outgrow all of these things very soon, and in the meantime, he works hard to keep them hidden.” He...
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...Super Freakonomics: Short Essay questions Chapter 1: Describe the evidence that suggests that Chicago prostitutes engage in price discrimination. In addition, explain why it is possible for this particular instance of price discrimination to be successful. There is a couple of different things that directly show how Chicago prostitutes engage in price discrimination, the first is by skin color. The book directly says “Prostitutes do not charge all customers the same price. Black customers, for instance, pay on average about $9 less per trick than white customers, while Hispanic customers are in the middle” (p 35.) Another big one is giving police officers “freebies”. Some of the more high class prostitutes were able to discriminate even further by raising their rates on people they didn’t like, while still offering the previous rate to favorite customers, this is represented in the book by the statement “She grandfathered in her favorite clients at the old rate but told her less-favorite clients that an hour now cost $400” (p 54.) The last big one to mention is price discrimination for drug dealers, or price negotiations for drugs. Prostitutes are savvy businesswomen who know how to price discriminate very successfully to get what they want. Many factors contribute to why prostitutes are able to pull off such successful price discrimination. The book outlines the two major conditions that must be met to allow price discrimination to be possible in business, customers...
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...Hobbits, the narrator explains, are little people, roughly half the size of humans, with thick hair on their feet, round bellies, and a love of good food, comfort, and security. Though some hobbits live in houses, they traditionally live in holes in the ground. The holes are not dank and smelly but comfortable, cozy underground dwellings with all the amenities of their aboveground counterparts. The hole occupied by the hobbit known as Bilbo Baggins is called Bag End. It is quite a pleasant dwelling, with comfortable furniture and a well-stocked kitchen, nestled in a snug little village under a hill. Bilbo’s ancestry is somewhat noble by hobbit standards: his father was from the well-to-do, conventional Baggins family, but his mother was from the Tooks, a wealthy, eccentric family infamous for their unhobbitlike tendency to go on adventures. Despite his Took blood, however, Bilbo prefers to stay at home and live a quiet life. On the day the story begins, Bilbo is enjoying a pipe outside his front door when an old man with a long cloak and a staff arrives. After the old man introduces himself, Bilbo recognizes him as the wizard Gandalf, who has created spectacular fireworks displays on holidays in Hobbiton, but Bilbo still looks on the old wizard with a suspicious eye. When Gandalf asks if Bilbo would be interested in going on an adventure, Bilbo declines and quickly excuses himself. He invites the wizard to come over for tea sometime but only so as not to seem rude—in reality...
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...Name Instructor Houston English 205 September 2, 2013 Gay in America In today’s society Gay men and women have to fight for everything, including the right to marry and have a baby. Gays face many challenges which include a job, a loved one, a family; the right to life, liberty and justice, all these rights are given to all but Gay people. I ask you; is this fair; are Gays not people to? Sometimes even before a gay person comes out they get teased, ridiculed, punished, assaulted and you wonder why some people try to hide it. For a Gay person it can be a constant struggle, just to live and be happy. Everything in a gay person life is a challenge, they must fight for everything. A person that is born has no choice on who they are or what sex they find attractive. Being gay is no different then being attracted to the opposite sex. ABC News reports, “Northwestern University psychology professor Michael Bailey has spent years studying human sexuality. He says sexual orientation is something people are born with, and this orientation makes some gay men more feminine” (1). Yet we blame and punish the families of these gay people. We even try to limit Gay people’s rights. Society believes that being gay is wrong and disgusting. Dr. Berggren claims that “It has long been asserted, primarily by various religious and politically conservative groups, that homosexuality is detrimental to the well-being of any society in which it occurs” (1). Being gay cannot...
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...PROS AND CONS OF ABORTION ABORTION- it could be defined as ending a pregnancy early. There are two methods for abortion; one by taking pills i.e. medical abortion, the other is done by surgery i.e. surgical abortion. The reasons for abortion vary between the rights of choice to the rights of life. It’s a choice made when either or both partners decide not to have the conceived child. There are many arguments faced when making such a choice. The decision is challenged on the grounds of both moral and ethical. Abortion has always been a heated subject in a society, as every individual has their own school of thoughts regarding this matter. There are many perspectives through which we can argue the grounds of going for an abortion. The debate on this is divided into two groups, on that is a pro-life group claiming that a life starts at the point of conceiving, therefore abortion is literally murder. Then there is the other group fighting for the right of choice in this matter known as pro-choice group. They both are at opposite poles with their arguments. People supporting pro-choice work towards creating legal options for abortion. They work to make laws that allow people to choose under given circumstances whether they want to go for abortion or not. They are to some extant justified in supporting this perspective. In some cases, the pregnancy is too complicated or dire for the mother to give birth that it becomes absolutely necessary to go for such options. Sometimes there...
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...Mule Killers by Lydia Peelle This is a story about unrequited love and its consequences and the change from child to adult. Time changes and life goes on. Whether people accept the changes and might takes advantage of the possibilities given to them, but people make mistakes, especially when they are young and in love. Will it be a bump on the road or will it change the direction they are heading. These are some of the themes that the short story “Mule Killers” is dealing with. Mule Killers is told by a narrator, who is telling the story of his father meeting his mother. It is a son telling about his father telling his son what happened the year he was 18 and the mule killers came. So the story takes place in two times, the present where the father and the son are picking asparagus in the garden and the past where the life of the father was changed for good. It all takes place in a farming area in America at the time where modern machinery reached the farms in Nashville. Tractors started to take over the farm and were therefore setting mules out of work. The narrator’s grandfather “…goes to Nashville and buys two International Harvester tractors for eighteen hundred dollars, cash…” (Page 9, line 13-14) The father is in the sons telling an 18-year-old teenager meaning that he is a little uncertain and confused about growing up, and with small ability to express his feelings towards other people. The uncertainty and suppression of his feelings will later in the short story...
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...Abstract Smoking, drinking, and drug abuse creates a great interest in the society and the usual victims are the students. Those students are in the middle of puberty and because of different influential factors, they tend to abuse their freedom. The study has an objective to identify the effects of this abuse and set another push for the prevention strategies. The applied method of the study is the utilization of the comparative case studies that is very beneficial to the current research. The results are very alarming. Because of the reasons that usually involves the family; the student’s traditional aim to finish school is affected. Still, there are educator and organizations that aims to provide the preventive measures to secure the future of the students. Introduction Smoking is dangerous. Drinking is prohibited. And using drugs is big “no”. Most of the adults are aware about their bad habits on smoking, drinking, and using drugs. Most of the adults are behind bars because of the committed crimes from the influence of alcohol and drugs. And most of the adults are lying in the hospital bed because of lung cancer they gained from cigarette smoking. These are the consequences that faced mostly of the adults and the students are not safe under the influence of smoking, alcohol, and drugs. Background of the Study and Problem Statement In today, smoking habit is very common to the students. Sometimes, they do it outside the campus. While the others are drinking after...
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...important component of society that would help store order and support the world, whereas mercy is an opposite that counters the necessary righteousness. All of us want to live in a world of peace and tranquility where opportunities are equal to everyone. Justice would provide us fairness and morality on how people commune within a society. One of the most notable instances of unfairness in the play is shown through Lear's banishment of Cordelia. Lear asked his daughters to profess their love for him. But when it came to Cordelia to confess her love, she cannot bring herself to do it. "Unhappy that I am, I cannot heave my heart into my mouth” (1.1.93-94). In reaction to Cordelia's refusal to act he disowns Cordelia, denies her of any inheritance. “Your loop'd and window'd raggedness, defend you/ from seasons such as these? O, I have ta'en/ too little care of this!” (3.4.31-33). This was an important moment for King Lear, who has never before contemplated the plight of homelessness. He realizes that he hasn't done enough to solve the homeless problem in his kingdom as he acknowledges that he had the power and authority to do something about it. He experienced his major downfall from the very top...
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...Analyzing Anti-pattern Detection Southern Methodist University Abstract A design pattern is a well-understood, reusable design fragment used to solve a commonly occurring problem in software development. Whereas, antipatterns are common design pitfalls that provide poor solutions to recurring design problems. Developers may unwillingly introduce anti-patterns in their software systems due to time pressure, lack of skills, communication or understanding. Anti-patterns have a negative effect on the comprehension and maintainability of a software system, and thus, understanding and detecting Anti-patterns provides the knowledge to prevent or recover from them. This paper discusses the anti-patterns of object oriented design, their symptoms, and consequences and issues related to their detection. This study also discusses some of the tools and approaches that are currently being developed and used in the software industry to detect anti-pattern. Towards the end, this paper also highlights some of the problems that are still open, to drive future research direction in this field. 1. Introduction Now-a-days, most of the software projects deal with large number of components that make the software more complicated and hard for novice designers to design. A design pattern is one of the most simple and powerful techniques used to improve the software design. Unfortunately, due to a number of market/customers constraints, anti-patterns may get introduced...
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...THE HOBBIT J. R. R. Tolkien ← Chapter 1 → There is a lot more in him than you guess, and a deal more than he has any idea of himself. (See Important Quotations Explained) Summary Hobbits, the narrator explains, are little people, roughly half the size of humans, with thick hair on their feet, round bellies, and a love of good food, comfort, and security. Though some hobbits live in houses, they traditionally live in holes in the ground. The holes are not dank and smelly but comfortable, cozy underground dwellings with all the amenities of their aboveground counterparts. The hole occupied by the hobbit known as Bilbo Baggins is called Bag End. It is quite a pleasant dwelling, with comfortable furniture and a well-stocked kitchen, nestled in a snug little village under a hill. Bilbo’s ancestry is somewhat noble by hobbit standards: his father was from the well-to-do, conventional Baggins family, but his mother was from the Tooks, a wealthy, eccentric family infamous for their unhobbitlike tendency to go on adventures. Despite his Took blood, however, Bilbo prefers to stay at home and live a quiet life. On the day the story begins, Bilbo is enjoying a pipe outside his front door when an old man with a long cloak and a staff arrives. After the old man introduces himself, Bilbo recognizes him as the wizard Gandalf, who has created spectacular fireworks displays on holidays in Hobbiton, but Bilbo still looks on the old wizard with a suspicious eye. When Gandalf asks if Bilbo...
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