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The Wm Wrigley Company Case

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INSTITUTO TECNOLÓGICO Y DE ESTUDIOS SUPERIORES DE MONTERREY

SEMINARIO INTEGRADOR DE FINANZAS

Caso “The Wm. Wrigley Jr. Company: Capital structure, Valuation, and Cost of Capital”

Profesor Titular: Dr. Roberto Joaquín Santillán Salgado

Profesor tutor:
Mtra. Karla Macías

Yanin Guerrero Enríquez A01180790

29/Mayo/2014
Introducción
Blanca Dobrynin, administradora asociada de Aurora Borealis LLC, propuso a Susan Chandler, una asociada, a iniciar la búsqueda de una inversión potencial en Wrigley. Aurora Borealis tenía un fondo de cobertura de 3 billones bajo administración y una estrategia de inversión que se enfocaba en empresas con dificultades, arbitraje de fusiones, transacciones de cambio de control y recapitalizaciones.
El típico modelo de operación de Blanca Dobrynin consistía en identificar oportunidades para una corporación para reestructurarla, invirtiendo significativamente en el capital de la empresa objetivo, y encargarse del proceso de persuadir al administrador y directores de reestructurar.
Chandler notó que el valor de mercado del capital común de Wrigley era de 13.1 billones. Dobrynin y Chandler discutieron de las condiciones del mercado de capital actual y decidieron enfocarse en el supuesto de que Wrigley podía pedir prestados 3 billones en una clasificación crediticia entre BB y B, con un rendimiento del 13%.
La compañía
Wrigley era el fabricante y distribuidor de goma de mascar más grande del mundo. La industria era intensamente competitiva y estaba dominada por algunos grandes jugadores. Durante los 2 años anteriores, los ingresos habían crecido a una tasa compuesta anual del 10% (las utilidades 9%) reflejando la introducción de nuevos productos y expansión extranjera. Al final del 2001, tenía un total de activos de 1.76 billones y no tenía deuda.
Recapitalización
La empresa pediría prestados 3 billones y los usaría para pagar dividendos equivalentes y para recomprar un valor equivalente de acciones. Chandler sabía que esta combinación de acciones podía afectar el valor de las acciones de la firma, el costo de capital, la cobertura de la deuda, las utilidades por acción, el control de voto.
Impacto en el costo de Capital
Chandler sabe que el máximo valor de la firma fue logrado cuando el Costo promedio de capital (WACC) fue minimizado. Ella debe estimar cual debería ser el Costo de Capital y el WACC si Wrigley desea cambiar su estructura de Capital.
Chandler desea saber también si debería tomar en cuenta costos potenciales de bancarrota o los efectos de apalancamiento como una señal acerca de futuras operaciones. Más apalancamiento también crearía ciertas restricciones e incentivos para la administración. Lo anterior se debería reflejar en el análisis?

Impacto en el reporte de utilidades por acción
La compañía tiene 232.441 millones de acciones en circulación. La familia controla el 21% de las acciones comunes en circulación y el 58% del capital común clase B, el cual tiene derechos superiores de voto que el capital común. Considerando que la familia Wrigley no venda acciones, como la recompra de acciones afectará la posición de voto de la familia en la compañía?
Datos
Crecimiento ingresos | 10% | Tasa compuesta anual | Crecimiento utilidades | 9% | Tasa compuesta anual | Total de activos | $ 1.76 | billones | Total deuda | $ - | billones | Recapitalización | 3 | billones | Tasa de impuestos | 40% | | Costo de la deuda antes de impuestos | 13% | | Tasa de riesgo del mercado | 7% | | | | | Ventas en el extranjero | 58% | | Empleados | 10800 | | Tenedores de acciones ordinarias | 38701 | | Acciones comunes de la empresa | 21% | | Clase B de la empresa | 58% | |

Nuevo valor de la acción después de la recapitalización | | | | | Valor de la acción | $ 56.37 | | | Acciones en circulación | 232,441,000 | | | Deuda | $ 3,000,000,000 | | | Tasa de impuestos | 40% | | | | | | | Nuevo valor de la acción | $ 61.53 | | |

Recompra de acciones | 48,754,643.56 |

WACC antes de la recapitalización | | | | Treasury obligations 20 yr | 5.65% | Tasa de riesgo del mercado | 7% | Beta | 0.75 | | | WACC | 10.9% | | | | | WACC después de recapitalización | | | | Costo de la deuda antes de impuestos | 13% | Nueva beta | 0.87 | | | Cost of equity | 11.74% | WACC | 10.91% |

Escudo de impuestos | $ 1,200,000,000.00 |

Al realizar la reestructuración la utilidad por acción (EPS) se incrementa, ya que como vemos al realizar el análisis, el precio de la acción sube.
En el caso del WACC podemos observar que se mantiene casi en el mismo porcentaje (de 10.9% a 10.92%) debido que al aumentar los 3 billones de deuda, el valor de beta cambia. Los beneficios por los impuestos al adquirir la deuda es de 1.2 billones.
La recapitalización no afecta el valor de la firma pero la utilidad por acción y el precio de las acciones se incrementan debido a la recompra.
Considero que la empresa si debe reinvertir pero considero que la recompra de acciones no es una buena opción ya que observamos que el valor de la empresa no se incrementa pero si el riesgo aumenta.

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