...because it has significant oil and natural gas reserves. The country has 3% percent of the world’s raw materials and a natural resource base of over $300,000 per capita, which is among the highest in the world. Oil plays a big role in Kazakhstan. With nearly 40 billion barrels in reserves and 2% of global production, the country has the world’s ninth largest proven reserves and is among the 20 largest oil producers. It has 4% of the global iron reserves, 8% percent of the world’s zinc reserves and 4% of the world’s chrome reserves. Kazakhstan's strategic aspiration is to become a modern, diversified economy with a high value added and high-tech component, well integrated in to the global economy. Energy sector is viewed as a good basis to achieve this goal! Oil and gas is the leading economic sector. Oil and gas area occupy the territory about 1,7 million sq. km (approximately 62 % of territory of Kazakhstan). There are 172 oil fields and 7 main gas fields. In Kazakhstan the proved reserves is near 2,8 billion tons of oil and 1,8 bln. cubic meters of gas. Kazakhstan is estimated to have around 30 billion barrels of crude oil reserves, which place it eleventh in the world. Example: in 2006, Kazakhstan produced 54 million tons of crude oil and 10.5 million tons of gas condensate, which makes Kazakhstan eighteenth-largest oil producer in the world. In 2011, oil exports amounted to 69.61 million tones through the main oil pipelines. In money terms, oil exports were equal to...
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...American multinational retail corporation that runs chains of large discount department stores and warehouse stores. The company is the world's third largest public corporation, according to the Fortune Global 500 list in 2012, the biggest private employer in the world with over two million employees, and is the largest retailer in the world. Walmart remains a family-owned business, as the company is controlled by the Walton family, who own a 48 percent stake in Walmart. It is also one of the world's most valuable companies. Headquarters: Bentonville, Ark. Revenue: $469.2 billion Profit: $16.9 billion 2013 rank: 1 Wal-Mart and ExxonMobil have traded the top spot back and forth several times, but the world’s largest retailer comes out on top this time despite a year rife with controversy: It faces accusation that its Mexican subsidiary bribed government officials in order to expand locations there, and the probe has since expanded to Brazil, India, and China. Nevertheless, the retailer operates a multinational empire, with 10,800 stores operating in 26 nations besides the US, and employing some 2.2 million employers, making it the largest private employer in the world. 2) ExxonMobil, is an American multinational oil and gas corporation headquartered in Irving, Texas, United States. It is a direct descendant of John D. Rockefeller's Standard Oil company, and was formed on November 30, 1999, by the merger of Exxon...
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...Oil and Gas Prices Darlene Dant COM 150 In August 2006 the American national average for a gallon of gas was $3.09. Gas prices hit an all time high in July 2008 with a national average of $4.12 per gallon. By December 2008 the national average for a gallon of gas was a mere $1.61 (GasBuddy, 2009). Due to the affect that supply and demand has in combination with state and federal taxes, America has seen significant fluctuations in gas prices. As people say, “What goes up must come down” and, in the oil and gas industry the opposite is also true, “What goes down must come up”. Fuel costs are affected by the world’s oil supply. The Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) consists of 12 members from various countries, who are the main suppliers of the world’s oil (OPEC, 2009). According to the Energy Information Administration (EIA [2009]), America gets the majority of its oil from five countries: Canada, Venezuela, Mexico, and Saudi Arabia. There are different grades, or qualities, of crude oil. Two of the most popular grades are: light-sweet crude oil (better grade) and heavy-sour crude oil (lesser grade). Depending on where the oil is coming from, it may be of a better, or lesser, grade compared to that of another country. The most desirable crude oil is light-sweet crude oil. While easily obtained in the past, light-sweet crude oil is becoming less available, causing an increase in price (Wagner, 2008). While light-sweet crude oil may have...
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...natural gas. It has the second largest coal reserves, the eighth largest oil reserves, and is the largest producer of oil.[2] It is the third largest energy user.[3] Russia is the largest oil producer in the world, producing an average of 10.2 million barrels (1,620,000 m3) of oil per day in 2010.[2] It produces 12% of the world's oil and has a same share in global oil exports.[4] In June 2006, Russian crude oil and condensate production reached to the post-Soviet maximum of 9.7 million barrels (1,540,000 m3) per day. Exceeding production in 2000 by 3.2 Mbbl/d (510,000 m3/d). Russian export consists more than 5 Mbbl/d (790,000 m3/d) of oil and nearly 2 Mbbl/d (320,000 m3/d) of refined products, which go mainly to the Europe market. The domestic demand in 2005 was 2.6 Mbbl/d (410,000 m3/d) in averaged.[5] It is also the main transit country for oil from Kazakhstan. Russia is by far the world's largest natural gas exporter. Most, but not all authorities believe that Russia has the world's largest proven reserves of natural gas. Sources that consider that Russia has by far the largest proven reserves include the US CIA (47.6 trillion cubic meters),[6] the US Energy Information Administration (47.8 tcm),[7] and OPEC (48.7 tcm).[8] However, BP credits Russia with only 32.9 tcm,[9] which would place it in second place, slightly behind Iran (33.1 to 33.8 tcm, depending on the source). In addition to having the world's largest proved reserves of natural gas, according to US Geological...
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...fuels and renewable flows of energies stemming from the heat of the sun, as solar energy and the winds which circle the planet, as well as the movement of water and the internal energies of the planet (geo-thermals). Fossil fuels are the products of the conversion of biomass, which, through fossilization, yields coal, oil and natural gas. Coal became the world’s most important solid fuel during the 1890s, when their energy content surpassed that of the traditional fuels of the day (wood and crop residues). Today, coal provides less than 25 percent of the world’s total primary energy supply. A ton of coal has an energy equivalent to about ½ ton of crude oil. The energy content of all crude oils and liquids produced by their refining is very similar: about twice as large as that of coal and almost three times as large as that of cord wood. Crude oil became the world’s most important primary fuel during the 1970s and now it provides about 40 percent of the world’s total primary energy supply. Natural gases are usually mixtures of methane, ethane and propane. Their energy content (under normal atmospheric pressure) is only 1/1000 that of crude oil. Compared to oils, they are also much more expensive to transport in pipelines and even more so by tanker trucks. But the cleanliness of their combustion has made them the best choice for domestic heating and recently also for electricity generation; natural gases...
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...OLIVE OIL 7 Farmers Rights 8 PRICE AND PERFORMANCE 9 WORLD’S TOP OLIVE OIL EXPORTERS 9 The Profile Of Company (Leader): 10 Mario Strategy 10 The Greek Strategy 10 Italian Strategy 11 CONCLUSION 11 REFERENCES 11 INTRODUCTION Consuming and trading Olive Oil is globally linked to the Mediterranean as non-Mediterranean countries account for less than 2.5 per cent of world production. The complex market of olive oil is due to the spread of production over developed and developing countries and is done through varying production systems. Olive oil production has many activities. Bottling has become increasingly intense, with a strong presence of multinational firms. Branding by small bottlers with effective marketing strategies is becoming profitable. Olive oil consumption is growing with varying consumption patterns in quantity and quality. Market segmentation has come to assume an increasingly important role in consumption decisions. The European Union (EU) is the largest producer and consumer of olive oil. EU keeps protecting its domestic market, despite the preferential access it grants to a number of Mediterranean countries. Some countries play the dual role of large exporters and large importers. There are also exporters that do not produce olive oil. Olive oil market is characterized by many conflicts of interest, vertically as well as horizontally along the “chain”, domestically and internationally[1]. Recently, developments in olive oil production...
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...A.P. Moller–Maersk Group: a Danish business conglomerate A.P. Moller-Maersk (“Maersk Group") is an international conglomerate. A.P. Moller (1876–1965) and his father Captain Peter Maersk Moller founded what would become the Maersk Group in Svendborg, Denmark in 1904. Maersk is a diversified enterprise owning one of the world's largest shipping companies; Maersk is involved in a wide range of activities; it has business operations in the logistics including shipping, transportation and offshore activities. It additionally provides various services in the areas of energy, banking, retail, and manufacturing sectors. Furthermore the Group is involved in the production of Oil, gas and other Oil related activities, including drilling and offshore services. The Maersk Group operates through five core business divisions, which include Maersk Line, APM Terminals, Maersk Oil, Maersk Drilling and Services & Other Shipping. The last business area is comprised of Maersk Supply Service, Maersk Tankers, Damco and Svitzer. The Group owns and operates container carriers, bulk carriers, supply and specialty ships and tankers. The Group is headquartered in Copenhagen, Denmark and comprises approximately 1,000 companies and they employ roughly around 89,000 people with operations spread across more than 130 countries including the triads (Maersk.com). Maersk primarily operates in the Europe, Asia, the Americas, the Middle East and Africa. The company generated revenues of DKK 277 billion (approximately...
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...The Saudi Arabian Oil Company (Saudi Aramco) is the world's leading oil producing and exporting company. It is a fully-integrated, global petroleum enterprise that manages the world's largest oil reserves – about 260 billion barrels – and also manages the world's fourth largest natural gas reserves. Saudi Aramco is a fully integrated global petroleum enterprise headquartered in Dhahran, Saudi Arabia, participating in exploration & producing, refining, distribution, shipping, and marketing. With around 54,000 employees globally, representing 56 nationalities, the company is 100% owned by Saudi Arabian Government. Saudi Aramco has affiliates, joint ventures and subsidiary offices in China, Egypt, Greece, Japan, Netherlands, Philippines, Republic of Korea, Singapore, United Arab Emirates and the United States.Saudi Petroleum Overseas, Ltd is based in London and provides marketing and ocean transport support services. A subsidiary of Saudi Aramco owns a fleet of oil tankers to transport crude oil to key customers. Saudi Aramco, through subsidiaries, also invests in refineries and distribution networks around the globe. In addition to its headquarters in Saudi Arabia's Eastern Province city of Dhahran, Saudi Aramco has affiliates, joint ventures and subsidiary offices in China, Egypt, Japan, the Netherlands, Philippines, Republic of Korea, Singapore, United Arab Emirates, United Kingdom and the United States. In 2008, Saudi Aramco is celebrating its 75th anniversary...
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...What Causes High Gas Prices? There are various factors that play a role in the price consumers pay at the pump. The major cause in the fluctuation of gas prices is crude oil. Crude oil is that main ingredient involved in the manufacturing of gas. One body that has great influence over the worldwide price of oil is the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC). OPEC is made up of twelve of the world’s biggest oil-producing nations which include: Algeria, Angola, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Libya, Nigeria, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, United Arab Emirates, and Venezuela. Since OPEC’s nations produce so much of the world’s oil supply, they can control the level of production. Oil is one of the world's most important commodities, and as a result, the nations that control the majority of the world's supply have a great deal of power over its availability. In addition, conflicts such as war in an oil-producing region can also bring up the price of gasoline. Andre Gerolymatis, a history professor at Simon Fraser University, says political upheaval in Ukraine and Russia's military incursion into Crimea could be putting pressure on prices. The reason, of course, is that 40 per cent of Europe's gas and oil comes from Russia, and it comes through the Ukraine. So there's the potential that this could be disrupted, and that means that the Europeans would have to go elsewhere for gas, and that would drive the prices up. (Bains, 2014) Bibliography Bains, M. (2014, March 5). Russia-Ukraine...
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...Oil is defined as a viscous liquid, commonly used for fuel. Oil is a fossil fuel; a non-natural type of fuel which formed from the remains of living organisms. Oil is most commonly found in the Middle East with Saudi Arabia producing and exporting the most oil. The highest importer is the USA as they consume the most oil for transportation. Oil has in the past caused an invasion of Iraq into Kuwait and Iran, oil puts up social barriers between people and has a very negative impact on the environment. Management strategies include offshore drilling, finding alternate sources and heavier fines for oil spills in the ocean. Oil is found all over the world in the soil. However different continents have more oil in their ground. The continent with the most oil is the Middle East with 101.2 (oil in thousand million tonnes), In Russia has 16.8 and South America has 16.7. The world’s oil reserves are located in the Middle East with 66% of the total world’s oil reserve and 9% are found in Central and South America. This shows that the distribution of the world’s oil is heavily focused in the Middle East, which means that the Middle East in particular Saudi Arabia have a rich in oil soil. Oil is one of the world’s most high demanded natural resources even though it is a non-renewable resource. In the USA transportation uses 66% of the oil consumption. As well as oil used for transport oil is used for military and defence forces, oil is used for electrical generation, plastics, solvents...
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...BP plc,[5][6] also referred to by its former name, British Petroleum, is one of the world's seven "supermajor" oil and gas companies.[7] It is a British multinational company, headquartered in London, England, whose performance in 2012 made it the world's sixth-largest oil and gas company, the sixth-largest energy company by market capitalization[8] and the company with the world's fifth-largest revenue (turnover).[9][10] It is a vertically integrated company operating in all areas of the oil and gas industry, including exploration and production, refining, distribution and marketing, petrochemicals, power generation and trading. It also has renewable energy interests in biofuels and wind power. [dated info] As of December 2013, BP has operations in approximately 80 countries,[4] produces around 3.2 million barrels per day (510,000 m3/d) of oil equivalent,[1] has total proved reserves of 17.9 billion barrels (2.85×109 m3) of oil equivalent,[11] and has around 17,800 service stations.[12][13] Its largest division is BP America in the United States. In Russia BP owns a 19.75% stake in Rosneft, the world's largest publicly traded oil and gas company by hydrocarbon reserves and production. BP has a primary listing on the London Stock Exchange and is a constituent of the FTSE 100 Index; it had a market capitalisation of £85.2 billion as of April 2013, the fourth-largest of any company listed on the exchange.[14] It has secondary listings on the Frankfurt Stock Exchange and the New...
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...Chevron in Libya Libya is among the World’s largest oil economies with approximately 3.5% of global oil reserves, more than twice those of the US. With 46.5 billion barrels of proven reserves, Libya represents 3.34 % of the world’s proven reserves. In contrast, US proven oil reserves are of 20.6 billion barrels (December 2008) according to the Energy Information Administration. The invasion of Libya under a humanitarian mandate served the same corporate interests as the 2003 invasion and occupation of Iraq. The underlying objective was to take possession of Libya’s oil reserves and destabilize Libya’s National Oil Corporation (NOC) and eventually privatize the country’s oil industry, namely transfer the control and ownership of Libya’s oil wealth into foreign hands. The Libya’s National Oil Corporation (NOC) is ranked 25 among the world’s Top 100 Oil Companies. Private companies were allowed into the country, and one of them was Chevron with a five-year license to explore in search for oil and natural gas. The company arrived on a wave of optimism that they would make big finds in Libya, which is home to Africa's largest proven oil reserves but was relatively under-explored. However, the reality did not meet their expectations. Discoveries were modest while the energy company also had to deal with a political and regulatory environment which could be unpredictable. Chevron was awarded interests in nine exploration blocks in the 2005 licensing round, but did not report...
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...Canada is one of the world's five largest energy producers and is also the world's fifth-largest producer of dry natural gas. It stands out as the largest foreign supplier of energy to the United States. However, economic and political considerations are leading Canada to consider ways to diversify its trading partners, especially by expanding ties with emerging markets in Asia. Canada is endowed with an exceptionally rich and varied set of natural resources, ranking among the five largest energy producers in the world, behind China, the United States, Russia, and Saudi Arabia. Canada produced an estimated 19 quadrillion British thermal units (Btu) of primary energy in 2012. Canada was the world's seventh largest energy consumer after China, the United States, Russia, India, Japan, and Germany. Canada has a population of more than 35 million (37th largest in the world) with a gross domestic product (GDP) on a purchasing power parity basis of $1,526 billion (13th largest in the world) in 2013. Canada's economy is relatively energy intensive compared to other industrialised countries, and is largely fueled by petroleum, natural gas, and hydroelectricity. Oil Canada is the world's fifth-largest oil producer, and virtually all of its crude oil exports are directed to U.S. refineries. Canada is a major onshore and offshore producer of crude oil, and the recent growth in its liquid fuels production has been driven by upgraded crude oil produced from the oil sands of Alberta. Most...
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...The Saudi Arabian Oil Company (Saudi Aramco) is the world's leading oil producing and exporting company. It is a fully-integrated, global petroleum enterprise that manages the world's largest oil reserves – about 260 billion barrels – and also manages the world's fourth largest natural gas reserves. Saudi Aramco is a fully integrated global petroleum enterprise headquartered in Dhahran, Saudi Arabia, participating in exploration & producing, refining, distribution, shipping, and marketing. With around 54,000 employees globally, representing 56 nationalities, the company is 100% owned by Saudi Arabian Government. Saudi Aramco has affiliates, joint ventures and subsidiary offices in China, Egypt, Greece, Japan, Netherlands, Philippines, Republic of Korea, Singapore, United Arab Emirates and the United States.Saudi Petroleum Overseas, Ltd is based in London and provides marketing and ocean transport support services. A subsidiary of Saudi Aramco owns a fleet of oil tankers to transport crude oil to key customers. Saudi Aramco, through subsidiaries, also invests in refineries and distribution networks around the globe. In addition to its headquarters in Saudi Arabia's Eastern Province city of Dhahran, Saudi Aramco has affiliates, joint ventures and subsidiary offices in China, Egypt, Japan, the Netherlands, Philippines, Republic of Korea, Singapore, United Arab Emirates, United Kingdom and the United States. In 2008, Saudi Aramco is celebrating its 75th anniversary...
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...INDEPTH: OIL The price of oil - in context CBC News Online | April 18, 2006 Oil is sold in barrels - it's the same unit of measure used to sell whisky. A barrel of oil - or whisky - contains 159 litres. The price of a barrel of oil has been testing new highs since it pushed through $50 a barrel in September 2004 - and pushed gasoline prices well beyond $1 a litre in the summer of 2005. But how high are prices like that, historically speaking? Turns out these records may not be records, after all. Oil prices were stable for most of the 100 years before 1973 at well under $5 a barrel. Expressed in today's dollars (all figures in U.S. dollars), the price was closer to $10 a barrel, hitting highs of about $15 and lows close to $8. Even as the world economy boomed in the decades following the Second World War, prices remained fairly stable. That's mainly because the United States held most of the clout in the oil industry - and the U.S. government regulated the price of oil. From 1958 to 1970, prices were stable at about $3 per barrel, but in real terms the price of crude oil declined from above $15 to below $12 per barrel. The decline in the price of crude when adjusted for inflation was further exacerbated in 1971 and 1972 by the weakness of the U.S. dollar. But by the early 1970s, that changed. The Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries had become a force and in 1973, the first major oil shock hit the world as Arab nations refused to sell to countries that...
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