...Philosophical Approaches to Ethical Decision Making Get Tutorial by Clicking on the link below or Copy Paste Link in Your Browser https://hwguiders.com/downloads/acc-260-week-4-critiquing-philosophical-approaches-to-ethical-decision-making/ For More Courses and Exams use this form ( http://hwguiders.com/contact-us/ ) Feel Free to Search your Class through Our Product Categories or From Our Search Bar (http://hwguiders.com/ ) As a student we are required to evaluate the philosophical approaches for each scenario from Appendix B. Evaluating whether or not the reasoning for the course of action listed makes sense. While working on the evaluation of the philosophical approaches we will discuss if the course of action is the most ethical, the best reasons for making the choices, and the reasons for believing this alternative is ethical. Consequentialism is the intent to maximize the usefulness of a decision. For this the relevance of this act depends on its consequences. For this approach it is essential to have a good ethical decisions and perception of it. With this it is important for students to analyze a decision in how the harmful and/or the benefits. This many philosophers’ debate ht consequences should count Deontology is different because it focuses on the obligation or duty in motivating the decision or the actions of the consequences. This depends on the respect, rights, and fairness. This approach brings up issues related to duty, rights, moral standards, and the...
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...me to take actions regarding such dilemma. In emotional empiricism if I don’t take action it will always disturb my gut feelings, not to take action when there is great problem relevant to ethics. The deontological framework of ethics also gives me permission that I should take action so that I could fulfill oath requirements (Donaldson's & Dunfee's, 1994). The duty includes such type of actions which lay under my job domain. It is also suggested that I am responsible for taking the actions which are ethical from all aspects. It is also notable here that I am responsible for all acts that are vague and nothing remains doubted. Many aspects and reasons lay under this action taking. Many ethical theories are evaluated before going to take an action. Ethical frameworks are used so that nothing is done unethically. The reasons behind the solutions are that these...
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...Most people understand conscience as something which tells us right from wrong, it is generally seen as a moral faculty, sense or feeling which compels individuals to believe that particular activities are morally right or wrong. Many ethical debates have been addressed on whether conscience is innate or developed. When conscience is described as innate, it means that it is inborn within you. From a religious viewpoint, an innate conscience is one which is God given or the voice of reason as a moral guide to what is right and wrong, whereas if it is argued that the conscience is not innate then it is described as being learned or developed according to psychologists. If conscience is innate and God given then does that mean God has told people to act immorally? However if Conscience is not innate then the blame for people acting immorally is shifted to society. St Thomas Aquinas, Joseph Butler and Cardinal John Newman are key scholars who believe that conscience is innate and inborn within a person. Key scholars and psychologists who believe that conscience is not innate are Sigmund Freud, Jean Piaget, Erich Fromm and Humanist. St. Thomas Aquinas (1225-1274) did not think of conscience as being the voice of God but as the natural ability of people to understand the difference between right and wrong. He believed that all people aim for what is good and try to avoid evil he called this the synderesis rule. Aquinas said that it was innate to seek good because sin is falling short...
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...this links to Corporate Social Responsibility. “Right” and “wrong” behaviour in business context Business ethics can be defined in many ways but generally it is about right and wrong. The way organisations behave and make decisions is very important as it has an impact on their sales/services. This is because there is so much competition nowadays, that if organisations do not behave ethically the customers are likely to go somewhere else to get the similar products. For that reason companies are forced to behave ethically and not only because of competition but also because the law requires them to. Furthermore they are other reasons why businesses need to act ethical such as; litigation avoidance, regulatory freedom, public acceptance, investor confidence, supplier trust, customer loyalty, employee performance and finally personal pride. All these reasons can help organisations to make profit and expand as they will be appealing to consumers. For example gaining customers’ loyalty will increase their sales as they will have repeat customers that will spread good word of mouth, which will attract new consumers. Moreover they will also be able to attract investors and employees to want to work with them. This is crucial for organisations as it will help them to save money because they will not need to spend on recruiting and training new staff since they will already have loyal employees. Comparing from “right” and “wrong” in a business perspective, it is difficult for...
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...study of morality. Ethics allows us to identify principles of “right” and “wrong” that: Morality - The standards that an individual, group, or society has about what’s right and wrong. Morals guide our behavior, and help us to “do the right thing”. Two Types of Ethical Issues: * Ethical problem: a situation with ethical content requiring a choice between right and wrong. * Ethical conflict: a situation where a person must choose between competing principles of right (or competing principles of wrong) (more common) Code of ethics 93% Ethics committees 25% Training 52% Changes in structure 13% Other 11% If one really believed that ethics is subjective, logically he/she should never: * Criticize or commend any person, group, organization, nation, etc. on moral or ethical grounds.e.g., “That is wrong/bad/evil” or question anybody else’s behavior (for ethical reasons). Prescriptive ethics discusses what we “should” do (it “prescribes” certain behaviours). * Prescriptive ethics is about how the world should be, regardless of how it actually is. * Theories of prescriptive ethics provide us with tools to use in figuring out what to do when faced with an ethical issue. * We can use these tools to make ethically informed (and more ethically justifiable) decisions. You should always use more than one approach to prescriptive ethics when making decisions, since all have their shortcomings Approaches: Utilitarianism...
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...ethical decision making’ The term deontological is an approach to Ethics that focuses on the rightness or wrongness of actions themselves, as opposed to the rightness or wrongness of the consequences of those or to the character and habits of the person, whilst on the other hand, teleological Teleology is a reason or explanation for something in function of its end, purpose, or goal. For example, a teleological explanation is where is does not focus on the action but it only focuses on the outcome or consequences. Ethical decision making helps people make difficult choices when faced with an ethical dilemma, a situation in which there is no clear right or wrong answer, Refers to the process of evaluating and choosing among alternatives in a manner consistent with ethical principles. In making ethical decisions, it is necessary to perceive and eliminate unethical options and select the best ethical. If an ethical approach if deontological, it means the morality of an action is intrinsic, which means that the act is completely wrong or completely right. Also the right or wrong of the act cannot change, it stays the same. For example - murder is wrong because it is wrong, it will always be wrong. Therefore this is a Deontological approach towards murder. On the other hand, if an ethical approach is Teleological, it means that it only focuses on the outcome that is caused by the action, also it is the result of an action that decides whether an action in itself is right or wrong...
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...difference between wrong decisions and bad decisions? Yes there is a difference between a wrong decision and a bad decision; a wrong decision can be surmised as an uneducated guess when you are not privy to the facts of a situation. For instance, guessing what’s behind a closed door. A bad decision is when a person makes a decision with total disregard for all the facts that would guide their choice toward the right outcome. 2. Why do good managers sometimes make wrong decisions? Bad decisions? Good managers will make wrong decisions when they do not have all the facts. Not all managers will have all the information necessary to make the correct decisions especially if the information flow is ineffective in that organization. Communication is a vital part of making the right decisions. Take for example a captain leading his troops in battle; if he is unable to communicate with them; he will be ineffective in giving orders to his men who are scattered across the battle field. Complacency is also another reason for making a wrong decision by not assessing all the options. As most situations are not unique, managers should take reasonable precaution and choose the option that provides the best outcome. If a wrong decision is made, managers should not hesitate to reverse a wrong decision and correct it before it proves more costly. Good managers sometimes make bad decision if they assume that past experiences will suite all current and or future situations. Bad decisions are also born...
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...sides as to what is the right thing to do. Some people think that abortion is completely and utterly wrong. Some people think that abortion is right when and only when the mother’s life is at risk. And others think that there is a range of different circumstances that make abortion morally acceptable. In this paper I will present the issue of abortion, explain the three classical theories of utilitarianism, deontology and virtue ethics on how to solve the issue and contrast this response with the perspective brought to the issue of abortion by ethical egoism. I will also present you with my personal opinion as to why I believe abortion should be in fact morally accepted by society. The issues that arise when debating about whether abortion is ethically wrong or right are many. There are two sides to this debate and they call themselves, “pro-life” or “pro-choice”. Pro-lifers say that it is morally wrong to end pregnancy because you are in fact killing an innocent human being, and the pro-choicer believes that the choice should be made by and for the impregnated woman and that under certain circumstances, abortion is in fact acceptable. Many questions are being asked to form an ethical decision on whether abortion is wrong or not. Questions such as, what gives a being the right to life? Is a fetus even a human being? Is a fetus the kind of being that has a right to live? If the fetus has a right to life, does that right take priority over the mother’s right to control her own body...
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...Gorges Moral Decision I think that Gouge didn't make the right decision because gouge dons know better, He didn't mean to. You should never take someone's life even if they took someone else's life. it should never be ok to kill someone under any circumstance. What he did is never right. He has some mental disability so I personally think they should have just run like the time before that. The first reason why i think it was wrong to kill leonine because he doesn't know better. He has the mindset of a little boy so her dons know any better. I did think its okay for him to kill him. He has special needs problems and i think there is many other better ways to handle the situation. They should have just run like every time before. Not kill him. The second reason why think it was wrong for gouge to kill Leone because no one deserves to die like that or get killed. You should never take someone's life even if they take someone else's life. It is never okay. It is never okay to kill somebody I don’t care what the circumstances are you never should kill someone. The third and final reason why i think it was wrong for gorge to kill line because He didn't mean to. He just likes to fill soft things. When she started to scream it just scared him and the first thing that came to his mind to do is to make her stop screaming. That's what he did he made her stop screaming and he didn't mean to kill her. He likes to fill soft things and and when she started...
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...because whichever direction a person chose to go in there she knew there was going to be a bad end result. Claudette added that no one wants to lose a loved one and although the other people involved were not of any relation to the person making the decision of who to help, they were still family to someone else who would suffer from their loss. Claudette found the discussion on what makes an action morally right or wrong interesting as well she believes that what makes a moral action right or wrong is the intent behind the action, she found Kant's theory to be sometimes a little confusing, but she believes that the end result of Kant's theory is to treat each person with equality and fairness and that people should not be viewed as a means to an end. Overall each discussion topic made Claudette reevaluate her viewpoints on moral behavior and helped her gain a better understanding of why each person may have different moral beliefs. Evette Guzman provided the following insight for week four she enjoyed the discussion on morality. She was a bit confused as to who decided what is morally right or wrong. The discussion posts from her classmates, and her reflecting answered her question. Each of us decides what is morally wrong or right according to our own beliefs. It may not look morally correct to someone else but to...
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...E. Brock Week 4 Assignment: Critiquing Philosophical Approaches to Ethical Decision Making With this assignment everyone is required to evaluate the philosophical approaches for each of the scenarios from Appendix B. Your required to evaluate whether or not the reasoning for the course of action which is listed that makes sense. When evaluating the approaches we are informed to take a course of action that is most ethical, the best reasons for the choice making and the reasons for believing this alternative is ethical. Consequentialism is the intent to maximize the usefulness of a decision. The relevance of this act is depended on its consequences. Now for this approach it’s necessary to have good ethical decisions and perception of it. Even this is important for the students to analyze a decision in and how harmful and beneficial it is. Many of the philosophers are debated on the consequences that should be counted. Deontology is a bit different just because it focuses on the obligation or the duty in motivating the decisions or the actions of the consequences. All of this depends on the respect, fairness, and the rights. This approach is up to the related issues of duty, moral standards, the principles and rights. The next is approach is the Virtue ethics and it focuses on the integrity of the individuals and the morals of the community. To identify the issues of the ethical actions but instead of agent centered. This professional community helps to identify the ethical...
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...Encarta 98). In 1973, the U.S. Supreme Court decision, Roe v. Wade, dramatically changed the legal landscape of American abortion law. The result of the ruling required abortion to be legal for any woman; regardless of her age and for any reason during the first seven months of pregnancy, and for almost any reason after that. ("Status of Abortion in America"). In the Roe v. Wade case, Roe (Norma McCorvey), had claimed she was gang raped and attempted to have an abortion in Texas. ("Roe and Doe"). After hearing the case, the Supreme Court ruled that an American’s right to privacy included the right of a woman whether or not to have children, and the right of a woman and her doctor to make that decision without state interference, at least in the first trimester of pregnancy. ("Celebrating 25 Years of Reproductive Choice"). The moral issue of abortion—whether or not it is murder—has been debated since it was legalized in 1973. Roe v. Wade has been one of the most controversial Supreme Court decisions of the 20th century. ("Roe No More"). More than two decades since the Supreme Court first upheld a woman’s right to abortion, the debate over the morality and legality of induced abortion continues in the United States. ("Abortion," Encarta 98). Abortion is one of the most divisive and emotional issues facing United States policy makers today. ("Economics of Abortion"). The people who are in favor of the Roe v. Wade decision and the right to have an abortion are called "pro-choice...
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...still be performed, unfortunately by an uneducated staffs. Over 70 thousand maternal deaths occur every year because of unsafe abortions1. These women die, so the idea of supporting pro-life is contradictory, this is why the nation should be pro-choice. Pro-choice believers support the right to privacy and the idea women should have the choice to do what she pleases with her own body. As an example; a woman is raped by a man and becomes pregnant with his child. She decides she doesn’t want to keep the baby; she has an abortion because the idea of raising a child of her rapist is too painful for her to cope with. Pro-choice defenders take sympathies to this woman while she then gets called a murderer by pro-life supporters. Abortions sometimes results in the woman being harassed because of the choice she has made about her own body. That’s what pro-life supports. Often time’s situations like this turns into harassment which can be considered to be part of anti-abortion violence1. These pro-life supporters stalk, threaten, and even sometimes kill women who have chosen to have an abortion and even the doctors that provide the procedures. Pro-life also supports the idea that every child has a right to live, even if the mother is not financially able to support the child and the child would struggle everyday along with their mother. These children would be underprivileged...
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...God’s laws and values. Newman used conscience as proof for the existence of God. He said that the fact that we feel guilty, even when it is impossible for anyone to know what we have done, for example, having bad thoughts about someone, proves that ‘there is one to whom we are responsible to’. This feeling we have of being accountable was how Newman saw our conscience. He believed that there must be a God that we are accountable to and the reason we feel guilty for wrong thoughts or actions was because we all knew that someone, who Newman believed was God, was looking down on us and we had to impress him in a sense. However there was a flaw to his theory as he didn’t consider people that perhaps don’t ever feel guilty. Also those who don’t believe in God – do they not have a conscience? If they hear no voice telling them what to do, how can you prove God exists? Thomas Aquinas , a religious philosopher, also believed that conscience is the voice of God. He believed that conscience was the voice of reason but that our basic sense of right or wrong, synderesis as he called it, was put in place by God. In a way, synderesis was seen as a rule book as it was values and...
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...years, psychologists have marvelled at the mind’s ability to process external action, discriminate it, identify it, and to make moral, conscious decisions. The development of psychology and the understanding of the human mind has been a crucial step forward in the development of civilisation, as psychological insights have proved to be beneficial in improving everyday life, helping us in avoiding things that cause stress, to be more efficient in our thinking, and to make better decisions to a certain degree. There is significant importance behind the understanding of the behaviours of the mind and cognitive processes of which it will experience, though it is the conscience that has been questioned whether it alone can be considered as a satisfactory moral authority for making ethical decisions. The answer to this lies within one’s own interpretation of what conscience actually is, though through consideration of various theories, conscience can be classed as a viable moral authority. There are various sources which define conscience in different manners; therefore this essay will review a selection of theories produced by Sigmund Freud, and Thomas Aquinas, whilst providing alternate viewpoints inclusive of those of the Islamic religion derived from scripture and also making reference to law and the effect it has on making moral decisions. Conscience can be defined as “the complex of ethical and moral principles that controls or inhibits the actions or thoughts of an individual”...
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