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The in and Out

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Submitted By duamalvika
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Considerable research has already been done on the cross cultural differences in the workplace (eg. Hofstede 1980, Pudelko and Harzing, 2008). However organizations only began to take initiative to bridge this difference in the form of pre-departure training a few of decades ago. Naturally researchers began to study the actual effectiveness of pre-departure and cross cultural training from various perspectives, some of which will be discussed below.
Tung (1987) was perhaps one of the earliest researchers to study the importance of pre-departure training. The paper begins by describing a typical situation of Mr. X who migrates to Japan from the US but is unable to perform due to cultural issues faced by his family. Although hypothetical, this example could be true for any individual who moves to another nation along with his family and has not been provided with adequate training. Tung conducted a survey among 80 US multinational firms and found that the top most reason for expatriate failure was “inability of the manager’s spouse to adjust to a different physical or cultural environment” (Tung, 1987). This alarming result clearly indicates that pre departure training is essential not only for the employee, but for his family as well.
Lau (2007) wrote her thesis that focused specifically on the impact of pre-departure training for employees migrating to China. The main factors to consider during training for China are culture, guanxi and language (Lau, 2007). The author also acknowledged the fact that only handful of US organizations and a little more of European organizations provide useful cross cultural training to employees moving to China. Therefore the paper concludes by stating that a common practice adopted by firms is to outsource cross cultural training to professional consultancies that offer both common and customized training packages.
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