1) Accounting Conceptual framework provides accountants with a constitution regarding the recording and reporting of financial information. Conceptual framework comprises the theoretical structures, including various assumptions, principles or rules, companies follow when conducting operations. A common use of conceptual framework is in the corporation’s corporate governance. The Financial Accounting Standards Board defined its conceptual framework as 'a coherent system of interrelated objectives and fundamentals that is expected to lead to consistent standards'. That is not the rules but guidelines.
2) Accounting theory is an assumptions, methodologies and frameworks used in the study and application of financial principles. The study of accounting theory involves a review of both the historical foundations of accounting practices, as well as the way in which accounting practices are verified and added to the regulatory framework that governs financial statements and financial reporting.
3) The historical side of accounting practices: Historically, the first form of accounting practices was bookkeeping. Bookkeeping resulted from a need of ancient traders in Chaldean, Babylonian, Akkadian, and Assyrian civilizations. Those ancient traders developed advanced trading practices to track their costs and incomes. This of course, led to record keeping as the best. Belkaoui states that the earliest known form of record keeping dates back to 3000 B.C. which was found in Old Irak (Belkaoui, 1992). In the Roman civilisation, taxes and social classes were dependent on declared properties. As a result, taxpayers were supposed to submit clear financial statements. Of course, these factors enforced the existence of bookkeeping in the ancient world. During the sixteenth, seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, a huge transition in accounting took place. Luca Pacioli