...upon it (Chase, Jacobs, & Aquilano, 2006, p. 725). A bottleneck is a constraint within the system that limits throughput. The subject in this paper is the process of driving the children to school. In this paper the subject will write the paper based on data collected on the process. The subject will also identify and discuss the main bottleneck in this process while applying Goldratt’s theory of constraints to identify and overcome process bottlenecks. The Process The process of driving the children to school is very tedious. Many factors make the process very hard to complete daily. Some factors are the traffic, weather, accidents, and timing. Many of these factors can cause a hindrance to the process. The weather is a factor could be rainy or snow, which would cause the worst problem. The weather can lead to many things such as accidents, timing, driving speed, and traffic. In this case the weather and speed is the most important factors that would affect the others such as accidents, traffic, and timing. Goldratt’s Theory of Constraints One of the main process bottlenecks in driving the children to school is speed. Speed is a bottleneck because of its high priority level. Speed determines how the car is moving and how rapid the children make it to school. Depending on how the car is moving also determines if there is a need for adjustments to the speed. Using Goldratt’s theory of constraint helps to overcome and in some cases eliminate speed as a process bottleneck...
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...Bottlenecks in a Process University of Phoenix OPS/571 Operations Management November 12, 2012 Bottlenecks in a Process High process performance is often the main focus for any organization. Therefore, individuals continually search for ways to improve their processes and increase their efficiency. Those wishing to improve the efficiencies of these processes must identify and eliminate the activities that prevent the process from moving at a steady pace. The purpose of this paper is to briefly discuss the process of maintaining a timely bedtime. This paper will identify and discuss the main bottlenecks within the process. This paper will also apply Goldratt’s theory of constraints to help identify and overcome the process’ bottlenecks. The Process As identified in week one, the author wanted to find a way to achieve and maintain a timely bedtime on weekdays. The author created a flowchart to identify the activities within the process and collected data indicating the time spent performing those activities. Traveling home from work, preparing dinner, helping her daughter with homework, and cleaning the kitchen are among those activities. Other activities were participating in social networking and preparing for the next work day. Several factors affected these activities such as the travel method, the time spent on social network, and the need to defrost meat products for dinner. These factors...
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...where delivery of goods and services take place in there minimum through put time. One of the important approaches to achieve this goal is theory of constraints. Theory of constraint (TOC) advocates that existence of constraints in any systems gives opportunities for the management for improvement .Contrary to conventional thinking, theory of constraint view suggest constraint as a factor determining the performances that are positive to the system. Theory of constraint (TOC) seems to be feasible as it does not demand costly systems change. It depends on scheduling leased on constraint exit in the system. This paper gives the overview of the scheduling of theory of constraint (TOC) which...
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...ATLANTIC INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY A Model Theory for Generic Schema Management Models Kinan M Al Haffar UM4699SIT10550D 07/08/2007 Abstract The core of a model theory for generic schema management is developed. This theory has two distinctive features: it applies to a variety of categories of schemas, and it applies to transformations of both the schema structure and its integrity constraints. A subtle problem of schema integration is considered in its general form, not bound to any particular category of schemas. The proposed solution, as well as the overall theory, is based entirely on schema morphisms that carry both structural and semantic properties. Duality results that apply to the two levels (i.e., the schema and the data levels) are established. These results lead to the main contribution of this paper: a formal schema and data management framework for generic schema management. Implications of this theory are established that apply to integrity problems in schema integration. The theory is illustrated by a particular category of schemas with object-oriented features along with typical database integrity constraints. 1 Introduction This paper presents the core results of a model theory for generic schema management, by which we mean schema and database transformation capabilities that are independent of a particular data model. Such transformations require major database programming tasks, such as integrating source schemas when building a data warehouse...
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...Theory of Constraints Term Paper BUSN 6070, Summer 2014 In the day and time in which we live, “quality” has come to encompass much more than just product or process conformance. Quality is a requirement for today’s customer regardless of type of product or the price the consumer has paid. But, when producing a quality product there are some constraints. In management, especially quality management there is something called the Theory of Constraints. The Theory of Constraints is defined as: A management paradigm that views any manageable system as being limited in achieving more of its goals by a very small number of constraints. There is always at least one constraint, and TOC uses a focusing process to identify the constraint and restructure the rest of the organization around it. TOC adopts the common idiom "a chain is no stronger than its weakest link." This means that processes, organizations, etc., are vulnerable because the weakest person or part can always damage or break them or at least adversely affect the outcome. (Garrison, Managerial accounting 14th ed.) Have you ever heard the saying, “You can’t put ten pounds of sand in a five-pound bag?” How about, “I’m trying to juggle too many priorities at once.” If you’ve heard (or said) either of these things, you have some sense of the stress that constraints impose on everyone. In many cases, the challenge appears to be not enough time. But, the characteristics of time are inflexible...
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...weeks, a bottleneck was identified. This paper will focus on the bottleneck process and how the Goldratt’s theory of constraints may be applied to alleviate process bottlenecks. Process Bottleneck The ability to identify the bottleneck is important in the analysis to increase capacity as well as to determine the process capacity. Based on the analysis of the flowchart and metric system, the main bottleneck detected was 120 days invoices remained within the facility with no further updates. Since inpatient admissions originate through the emergency room, patients often times provide incorrect contact information or incoherent at time of admission. Once the task of contacting patients was completed, the next task is easier. Patients with accurate contact information, their cases were settled within 60 days, resulting in revenue for the hospital. Goldratt’s Theory The underlying premise of theory of constraints is that organizations can be measured and controlled by variations on three measures: throughput, operational expense, and inventory (Wikipedia). The Goldratt’s Theory uses a process to eliminate the constraints though five steps which are identifying the constraints, decide the method to exploit the constraint, subordinate all other processes to the above decision, elevate the constraint, and lastly of, as a result of theses steps, the constraints has moved, return to the primary step. Based on this theory to eliminate the constraint, of holding cases for 120 days within...
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...“To meet her need for belongingness/affiliation, Felicia should be appointed to the Warehouse Quality Improvement Team. Team members include X, Y, and Z. Benefits of relationships with these contacts include…Team leader will be asked to mentor Felicia for possible succession to the role of facilitator. Per Theory A, these actions will contribute to Felicia’s sense of belongingness by…” Notice how in the above example, the writing has eliminated first person pronouns by rephrasing. - Sources – Use APA to cite/reference and other sources. Use the skills learned in weeks 4 and 5. Go to your online library. Find academic scholarly peer reviewed articles to support and justify all opinions. Back-up opinions and observations with the experts. Paraphrase all. No quotes are allowed. HEADINGS AND TOPIC SENTENCES: To ensure full credit, do not include the boldface headings that appear in the outlines for your papers. Be sure, however, that you do outline as you plan your paper. Planning is a key to success. Also remember that all papers in your 571 class must be submitted to GROWS before submitting for grading. Manage your time accordingly. Papers that do not include APA formatted headings may be returned for correction. Late penalties may apply. Submission of Assignment and Evaluation Please submit this final as a Word attachment in the digital Dropbox by 11:59 on the indicated Sunday. - You will receive a grade and feedback within 72 hours...
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...Marts, 2011 Line-item budgeting and film production – Exploring some benefits of constraints on creativity and aesthetic value creation Thomas Frandsen, Ivar Friis, and Allan Hansen*) Solbjerg Plads 3 2000 Frederiksberg Copenhagen Business School Denmark *) Corresponding author: ah.om@cbs.dk Early work – Please do not quote without the permission from the authors Paper to be presented at the workshop on Creativity and Control Sponsored by Accounting Organizations and Society 4–5 April 2011, Barcelona, Spain Abstract: This paper explores the role of budgeting in the Danish film industry and seeks to illustrate the positive effects a line-budget might have on the creativity and innovativeness in film production. In our analysis we provide illustrative examples of the enabling and facilitating role of budget constraints on film production from the Danish film industry in general as well as from a case study of the process of making the Danish film “The Island of Lost Souls” in particular. We draw on Elster (2000)’s constraint theory and suggest that the constraints imposed on agents by line-item budgeting under some circumstances lead to situations where ‘less is more’ as line-item budgeting might be used to focus creative behavior as well as pre-commit the agent against passion and time inconsistency. 1 I. Introduction The dysfunctional consequences of constraints imposed by budgets on agents dealing with uncertain, complex or dynamic organizational...
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...Whole’ in Institutional Theory Michael Jakobsen ©Copyright is held by the author or authors of each Discussion Paper. Copenhagen Discussion Papers cannot be republished, reprinted, or reproduced in any format without the permission of the paper's author or authors. Note: The views expressed in each paper are those of the author or authors of the paper. They do not represent the views of the Asia Research Centre or Copenhagen Business School. Editor of the Copenhagen Discussion Papers: Associate Professor Michael Jacobsen Asia Research Centre Copenhagen Business School Porcelænshaven 24 DK-2000 Frederiksberg Denmark Tel.: (+45) 3815 3396 Email: mj.int@cbs.dk www.cbs.dk/arc International Business Studies and the Imperative of Context. Exploring the ‘Black Whole’ in Institutional Theory Michael Jakobsen Associate Professor Asia Research Centre Copenhagen Business School mj.int@cbs.dk Abstract The aim of this article is to take a critical look at how to perceive informal institutions within institutional theory. Douglas North in his early works on institutional theory divided the national institutional framework into two main categories, formal and informal institution or constraints as he called them. The formal constraints consisted of political rules, judicial decisions and economic contracts, whereas informal constraints consisted of socially sanctioned norms of behaviour, which are embedded in culture and value systems. As formal constraints are straight forward...
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...ac.ae Abstract - In this paper, a novel formulation for the capacitated warehouse inventory-location model with risk pooling for multiple products is proposed. A single plant ships different types of products to retailers via a network of warehouses. The locations and inventory policies of the warehouses are chosen so as to minimize the sum of fixed facility location, transportation, and inventory carrying costs. The warehouses retain safety stock so as to maintain appropriate service levels in the face of uncertain demand at the retailers for multiple products. Keywords - integer programming, location-inventory, multiple products, supply chain optimization I. INTRODUCTION Supply Chain Management spans all movement and storage of raw materials, work-in-process inventory, and finished goods from point of origin to point of consumption [1]. It involves decisions on facility location, technology selection, inventory management, and distribution. These decisions can be categorized into three different levels: strategic, tactical, and operational. Particularly in today’s competitive business environment, the importance of integrating these decisions so as to minimize costs and maximize customer satisfaction cannot be underestimated. Much of the research literature treats the different decision levels separately; few papers deal with optimizing jointly over both the tactical and operational levels, and even fewer involve multiple products. In this paper, we study a multi-product...
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...MGT 333 CONSTRAINTS MANAGEMENT PROJECT – BANKING INDUSTRY Detailed description The banking industry in the United States has undergone significant changes, both in processes and services provided, in recent years. The main goal of these for-profit institutions and the changes they have endured is simple – to increase revenue. The backbones of these institutions are the customers. In order for different banks to compete for customers, they must take into considerations the various factors of their business. To insure they provide the best customer service, they most account for cost, flexibility, time, and quality in their services rendered. One service, the focal point of this paper, is the process of mortgage loans. Buying a home can be one of the most exciting experiences in the lives of adults, or it can be one of the most difficult. To ensure that customers are well equipped with the skills and means to take on such a task, banks go through a rigorous mortgage loan application process. This paper will focus on the process used by a bank located in the Midwestern region of the United States. Furthermore, it will provide an analysis of how by implementing the principles of the Theory of Constraints successfully improved the service rendered by the bank, thus providing a greater service to the customer. The mortgage loan process begins with a simple application. Each lender’s application requirements may differ. Generally, the formal application requires details about yourself...
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...Bottlenecks in My Moring OPS/571 Professor September 26, 2011 The purpose of this paper is to describe how to identify, describe and discuss the bottlenecks in my morning routine. In order to do this I had to use the Goldratt’s theory of constraints to help me identify and overcome the process bottlenecks. In order for me to overcome and improve my daily routine, I had to identify the slowest process of my morning routine. After applying the Goldratt’s theory of constraints to my morning routine I was able to identify two major constraints the slowed down the process of my morning routine. The first constraint that I was able to identify depended on the route I chose to take each morning which determined rather or not I would arrive to work or not. The second constraint in my morning routine was the amount of time I would spend sitting in traffic once I would exit the turnpike. The first constraint could be identified by the route that I would take in the morning which determined weither or not I made it to work on time. After evaluating the two routes I was able to identify that Route 1 offered the slowest process in my morning routine which caused me to be late for work both morning that I took this route. Route 2 was identified as the route that was most effective in my morning route. Route 2 allowed me the opportunity to speed up the process of my morning routine. The bottle neck that was identified as the amount of traffic that I would have to drive...
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...(Chase, Jacobs, Aquialino, 2006, p. 725. This paper addresses how a bottleneck can hinder driving time and Goldratt’s theory of contracts to identify and overcome process bottlenecks. In week one the process I choose was spending less time driving to work. It takes approximately 43 minutes to drive 33.95 miles one way with no traffic. In order to get to work on time every day I have to get up at 7:15 a.m. to get to work by 9:00 a.m. It is imperative that I leave at least one hour earlier because of the various traffic conditions. The bottlenecks that could daily are accidents, stalled vehicles in or at the tunnel, road work, weather conditions, or large volumes of traffic that simply cause traffic to move at a much slower pace. Goldratt’s theory of constraints has a five focusing step approach to a process. 1. “Identify the system constraints - (distance and time) 2. Decide how to exploit the system constraints - (distance means moving closer to home which in turn will cut down on the time it takes to drive to work) 3. Subordinate everything else to that decision - (this means additional time is spent waiting for traffic jams, weather conditions, and road work) 4. Elevate the system constraints - (in this case the only way to elevate the constraints is to move closer to home) 5. If, in the previous steps, the constraints have been broken, go back to Step 1, but do not let inertia become the system constraint” (Chase, Jacobs, & Aquilano, 2006, p.771)...
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...Abstract Theory of constraints (TOC) is about thinking in logical, systematic, or structured processes similar to the PDCA learning loop and also about analyzing cause and effect, verifying basic assumptions, exploring alternatives and process improvement. The goal of TOC is to maximize the efficiency of a process selectively at the most critical points (constraints) and thereby maximize profitability. The purpose of this paper is to provide a comprehensive descriptive study on applying “Theory of Constraint” principles in improving the effectiveness of the service process that was limiting the entire service system. We have studied based on Schmenner’s classification of service organizations into four quadrants of service process matrix. Clear explanations supplemented by examples for each quadrant define how the theory works, why it works and what issues are resolved and what benefits are accrued. Introduction Operations management of services talks about how to plan, execute and improve service delivery so that more services are delivered faster and reliably with same/similar resources without compromising on quality. Services, in general, can be any of – Public Services, Professional Services, IT Services, Healthcare services, Banking/Insurance etc. Theory of Constraints, as proposed by Eli Goldratt, works well in a Manufacturing setup, but to replicate in a Service model requires adaption more than adoption. It should be accepted that trying to force a service organization...
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...Introduction This paper analyzes and examines the study approached by Deaton and Paxson (1998), their thesis was based on the test of Barten model, which explains positive relationships between the standard of livings and household size. The assumption of their phenomena was that larger households with constant per capita income save on the public goods, e.g. housing, that is they share the cost of it equally and it is free of charge and can afford to increase consumption of private goods, e.g. food or clothing. In order to reveal and explore the concept of this empirical study, this assignment is divided into four main parts. The first section is dedicated to the utility maximization problem and demand function analysis. Further, the Engel curve regression analysis will be interpreted based on household’s consumption and demographic data. In its turn, third section will provide valid criticism and divulging drawbacks of Deaton and Paxson’ work based on the written documents of the scientists Horowitz (2002) and Vernon and Gan (2003). And the final chapter discusses the implication of the theoretical models and techniques for the government poverty measure and welfare issues. Section 1. Derivation of individual food demand For this task, it is given: [pic] = Utility function [pic] = Budget Constraint Where: x - privately consumed good y – publicly consumed good m- income per capita Thus the method of utility-maximization problem is...
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