...Thermal Steam-turbine Power Plants Large steam-turbine plants have two forms: condensing plants, electric power plants. The great masses of hot steam, having accomplished the mechanics work in the turbines of condensing steam-turbine plants, are condensed - i.e. are cooled down and turned back into distilled water, and returned to the boiler for production of steam to activate the turbine. Condensation of steam takes place in condensers where the hot steam is cooled when it comes in contact with tubes through which cooling water, supplied from a water reservoir (river or lake), is circulated. This cooling water, after it takes the heat from the spent steam, is returned to the water source carrying along with it the unutilized heat energy. This water is called the circulating water. The importance of the distilled water for feeding steam boilers is extremely great since chemical clean water decreases the formation of scale in the boiler tubes, and thus, makes their service life longer. Condensing plants of large generating capacity are built close in sources of fuel, in order not to transport large quantities of fuel over considerable distances. The electric power generated in such plants is transmitted over long distances for the supply of large industrial regions. So these plants are called regional thermal power plants. Heat and electric power plants, in addition to electric power generation, also supply heat to closely located...
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...CONFERENCE ON ENGINEERING, NUiCONE-2012, 06-08DECEMBER, 2012 1 Thermal Power Plant Analysis Using Artificial Neural Network Purva Deshpande1, Nilima Warke2, Prakash Khandare3, Vijay Deshpande4 VESIT, Chembur, purva.deshpande@yahoo.co.in, nilimavwarke@gmail.com 3,4 Mahagenco, Mumbai. khandarepk@gmail.com, vijay.deshpande.gmit@gmail.com 1,2 Abstract--Coal-based thermal power stations are the leaders in electricity generation in India and are highly complex nonlinear systems. The thermal performance data obtained from MAHAGENCO KORADI UNIT 5 thermal power plant shows that heat rate and boiler efficiency is changing constantly and the plant is probably losing some Megawatts of electric power, and more fuel usage thus resulting in much higher carbon footprints. It is very difficult to analyse the raw data recorded weekly during the full power operation of the plant because a thermal power plant is a very complex system with thousands of parameters. Thus there is a need for nonlinear modeling for the power plant performance analysis in order to meet the growing demands of economic and operational requirements. The intention of this paper is to give an overview of using artificial neural network (ANN) techniques in power systems. Here Back Propagation Neural Network (BPNN) and Radial Basis Neural Network (RBNN) are used for comparative purposes to model the thermodynamic process of a coal-fired power plant, based on actual plant data and this works as the internal...
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...Introduction Steam boiler or simply a boiler is basically a closed vessel into which water is heated until the water is converted into steam at required pressure. This is most basic definition of boiler. The basic working principle of boiler is very simple and easy to understand. The boiler is essentially a closed vessel inside which water is stored. Fuel (generally coal) is bunt in a furnace and hot gasses are produced. These hot gasses come in contact with water vessel where the heat of these hot gases transfer to the water and consequently steam is produced in the boiler. Then this steam is piped to the turbine of thermal power plant. There are many different types of boiler utilized for different purposes like running a production unit, sanitizing some area, sterilizing equipment, to warm up the surroundings etc. There are mainly two types of boiler that are water tube boiler and fire tube boiler. In fire tube boiler, there are numbers of tubes through which hot gases are passed and water surrounds these tubes. Water tube boiler is reverse of the fire tube boiler. in water tube boiler the water is heated inside tubes and hot gasses surround these tubes. These are the main two types of boiler but each of the types can be sub divided into many which we will discuss later. Fire tube boiler As is indicated from the name, the fire tube boiler consists of numbers of tubes through which hot gasses are passed. these hot gas tubes are immersed into water, in a closed vessel...
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...Mardy Fish handed first-round loss South Africa’s Eskom considers power imports from Mozambique What Zim-Asset has achieved so far July 30, 2015 Business Business Editor WITH the Zimbabwe Agenda for Sustainable Socio-Economic Transformation (Zim-Asset) now due for mid-term review, keen interest surrounds its implementation and possible outcomes. Anchored on four strategic clusters — value addition and beneficiation, infrastructure and utilities, food security and nutrition, social services and poverty eradication — the five-year development policy is premised on leveraging the country’s natural resources to achieve economic growth through empowerment of ordinary Zimbabweans. An average of 7,3 percent growth target and creation of about two million jobs is to be achieved within the period. Zimbabweans are pinning their hopes on the anticipated turn around, seeking answers on progress made so far. Finance and Economic Development Minister Patrick Chinamasa shares some of the achievements made towards meeting the ideals of the national blue-print. While insisting the economy is on the right path towards recovery, he also captures highlights on progress from mega deals signed between Zimbabwe, China and Russia recently. “As you may all be aware, the Zim-Asset framework covers a number of issues across well defined clusters. We need reliable infrastructure and a strong production base in order to achieve sustainable development,” he told Parliament last week. ...
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...(HVAC) system of the laboratories must be designed for providing good indoor air quality (IAQ) to the workers in the laboratory and keeping the expensive equipment in good condition. For the investigations, a number of measurement equipments were used to obtain the IAQ data of the laboratories (i.e. dry bulb temperature, air humidity, air flow velocity, carbon dioxide (CO2) concentration, etc.). Some random subjective assessments on the workers in the laboratories were made to acquire information on the workers such as their thermal comfort rating, activity level and their clothing con-ditions. In this study, air temperature for Laboratories 1, 3 and 4, are 22.38, 20.53 and 19.50 LC, respectively, slightly below the ASH-RAE recommended air temperature. Besides, the total volatile organic compound (TVOC) for Laboratories 2 and 3 shows high TVOC concentration in the wash room and chemical room, which are 22.8 and 6.5 ppm, respectively. The study in terms of thermal satisfaction indicates an average performance of the air-conditioning system exists in the Pharmaceutical Laboratories. 2012 The Gulf Organisation for Research and Development. Production and hosting by...
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...shortly after startup: * This symptom is possibly a cooling/heating problem. Check for this problem by shutting down, letting the system cool off, and restarting the computer to verify whether the problem repeats itself. Check the following if overheating seems to be the problem: * Check the heatsink and fan for placement and condition. * Verify that thermal paste or a thermal pad has been used between the processor and the heat sink. * Verify that the heatsink is firmly attached to the CPU. * Verify that the CPU is properly seated in its socket. * Verify that system case fans are working and that the case and expansion slots are in place. * If the CPU is an older Pentium without a heat sink or fan, add one. * If the computer is not overheating, but has this symptom, the problem could be the clock jumpers on the motherboard or system timers (in BIOS) are set incorrectly for the processor. * PC sounds a POST beep code indicating a CPU fault upon boot-up: * Verify that the CPU is receiving sufficient power by checking the power outputs. * If these are good, replace the CPU. * If the fault remains, the problem is with the motherboard. * PC crashes on startup or when running a software application or certain group of applications: * Run repetitive test using diagnostic software. * After replacing a seemingly faulty CPU and the symptom remains, run similar tests on the...
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...Efficient use and installation of Thermal Mass to utilize solar thermal energy Submitted to: Dr. M.S. Soni Submitted by: Prateek Jain(2011B1A4696P) Chintan Singhvi(2011B2A4811P) Contents ABSTRACT...................................................................................................................................................... 3 KEY WORDS ................................................................................................................................................... 3 BASIC OPERATING PRINCIPLE ....................................................................................................................... 3 INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................................................. 4 THEORY ......................................................................................................................................................... 6 METHODOLOGY .......................................................................................................................................... 10 Data Collected: ............................................................................................................................................ 11 Analysis of material thermal properties and performance: ................................................................... 11 Measurements of the hostel rooms: ...........................
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...metal-oxides used as Nanoparticles and they greatly enhance the thermal conductivity of the Nano fluids. Nano fluids have been considered for so many industrial applications for advanced heat transfer fluids for two decades. However, due to complexity of the Nano fluid systems, there is no agreement has been achieved in heat transfer processes. Nano fluids have the following advantages: • Nano fluids have broad surface area and more heat transfer rate occurs between particles and base fluids. • High dispersal...
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...Accepted Manuscript Title: Effect of layer thickness on thermal properties of multilayer thin films produced by PVD Authors: B. Tlili, C. Nouveau, M.J. Walock, M. Nasri, T. Gharib PII: DOI: Reference: To appear in: S0042-207X(11)00353-8 10.1016/j.vacuum.2011.09.008 VAC 5485 Vacuum Received Date: 20 February 2011 Revised Date: 5 September 2011 Accepted Date: 18 September 2011 Please cite this article as: Tlili B, Nouveau C, Walock MJ, Nasri M, Gharib T. Effect of layer thickness on thermal properties of multilayer thin films produced by PVD, Vacuum (2011), doi: 10.1016/ j.vacuum.2011.09.008 This is a PDF file of an unedited manuscript that has been accepted for publication. As a service to our customers we are providing this early version of the manuscript. The manuscript will undergo copyediting, typesetting, and review of the resulting proof before it is published in its final form. Please note that during the production process errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain. ACCEPTED MANUSCRIPT Effect of layer thickness on thermal properties of multilayer thin films produced by PVD B. Tlilia,b, C. Nouveaub, M J Walockc,a, M. Nasria, dT.Gharib. UR. Mécanique Appliquée, Ingénierie et Industrialisation (M.A.2I), ENIT, BP 37, Le Belvédère, 1002 Tunis, Tunisie b Laboratoire Bourguignon des Matériaux et Procédés (LaBoMaP), Centre Arts et Métiers ParisTech de Cluny, Rue Porte de Paris, F-71250 Cluny...
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...Heat Transfer Course Paper Name Institution Date Introduction To explore and work in space, the astronauts must carry their environment because there is no oxygen and atmospheric pressure to sustain life. The spacesuit is more than clothes an astronaut puts on in space. It’s really a small spacecraft. Its main work is to protect the astronaut when in space. Astronauts needs to put on spacesuits at any time they leave a spacecraft and are exposed to the surrounding space. In space, air to breath and air pressure is not available. Space has dangerous radiation and is extremely cold so without protection, an astronaut would rapidly die in space. The design of spacesuits is such that it protect astronauts from the radiation, cold and low pressure in space and furthermore provide air to breathe. Wearing a spacesuit permits an astronaut to be able survive and work in space. They also keep the astronaut from getting hurt by the space dust. The space dust always travel at a very high speed and may cause hurt to the astronaut. Moreover the suits holds drinking water for the astronaut. The spacesuit is made up of many parts that perform different roles. One of the parts protect the chest, another part covers the arms and connects to gloves and the helmet protects the head. The last part of this suit covers the astronaut’s feet and legs. Other parts of this suits are made up of many layers of material. The layers each performs different roles; some protect the astronaut from space...
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...HEALTH AND SAFETY CONCERNS IN POWER SECTOR The power sector is prone to many accidents and mishaps due to the nature of the working conditions of the power generation plant. The following are the major health and safety concerns in the power sector: * Exposure of workers and public to radioactive material * Uncontrolled release of radioactive material leading to contamination and exposure off site. * Conventional construction hazards and working near live equipment. * Health problems such as respiratory disorders, skin disorders from emitted hazardous substances like lead, asbestos, coal dust, fly ash, silica and toxic gases However negligence towards these safety concerns leads to occurrence of accidents and some of these accidents can be on a large scale causing great loss to life and endangering the safety of employees as well as the general public. The following stated are the major accidents that have occurred in the recent past in the power sector: Accidents in Nuclear Power Generation Plants: * April 2011 Fire in the control room of the Kaiga Generating Station in Karnataka * November 2009 Fifty-five employees consume radioactive material after tritiated water finds its way into the drinking water cooler in Kaiga Generating Station. * January 2003 Failure of a valve in the Kalpakkam Atomic Reprocessing Plant in Tamil Nadu results in the release of high-level waste, exposing six workers to high doses of radiation. The leaking area of...
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...regenerative oxidizers. 3. Breathe Easier Outside Momtaz, Sameh W.; Truppi, Thomas J.; Seiwert, Jr., Joseph J. // Body Bulletin; Sep99, p3 Presents tips on protecting against air pollution when exercising outdoors. Effects of inhaling bad air; Protection of lungs by antioxidants; Avoidance of vigorous exercise when the air is thick and still; Peak of ozone levels at noon; Avoidance of traffic jams. 4. Improve RTO Performance Meuier, Dennis; Guerra, Paul; Eldridge, James; Russell, James // Pollution Engineering; Jun2003, Vol. 35 Issue 6, p38 Focuses on the improvement of the process of regenerative thermal oxidizer (RTO) for air pollution control in the U.S. Benefits of incineration; Design of RTO; Presence of heat recovery media in canisters 5. Clean Coal Conferees Tell of Fights Against Air Pollution Goselin, Steven // Electric Light & Power; Jan1993, Vol. 71 Issue 1, p16 Addresses the questions on the capability of Clean Coal Technology (CCT) to help utilities keep down the costs of Clean Air Act compliance for both industries and consumers Addresses the questions on the capability of Clean Coal Technology (CCT) to help utilities keep down the costs of Clean Air Act compliance for both industries and consumers. 6....
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...A PROJECT REPORT ON PROJECT FINANCIANG OF THE PROPOSED 1 x 10 MW CAPTIVE POWER PLANT OF J U D CEMENTS LIMITED AT Vill. Wahiajer, Near Lumshnong Dist. Jaintia Hills, Meghalaya PREPARED BY xxxxxxxxxxxx MBA – xx SEMESTER REGD NO. xxxxxxx Note: This Report is submitted for the partial fulfillment of the requirement for the Degree of Master of Business Administration of xxxxxxxx University. I, hereby declare that the project entitled as Project Report on Project Financing of the proposed 1 x 10 MW Captive Power Plant of J U D Cements Ltd at Vill. Wahiajer, Near Lumshnong, Dist. Jaintia Hills, Meghalaya, submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the degree of Master of Business Administration to the xxxxxxxxxx University, India, is my original work and the same is not submitted for the award of any other degree, diploma or any other prizes. xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx Reg No. xxxxxxxxxx Place: Guwahati Dated: Dear Sir / Madam This is to certify that Mr. xxxxxxxxxxx has worked under our supervision and guidance for the project report termed as the project report for project financing of our 1X10 MW Captive Power Plant and that this Report has been allowed to be prepared for his partial fulfillment of the requirement for obtaining the Degree of MBA (Finance) from xxxxxxxxxx University and that no part of this report has been submitted for the award of any other degree, Diploma, Fellowship or other similar titles or prizes and that the...
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...TASK 1 – PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF SOME ELEMENTS AND COMPOUNDS | |Test for | | | | |Substances | | | |Electro |Thermal conductivity|Solubility – is it |Melting point? |Boiling point | | |conductivity: does | |soluble in water? | | | | |it conduct | | | | | | |electricity? | | | | | | | | | | | | | |As solids |In solutions | | | | | |Potassium chloride | |Slightly conductive | |__ |7700C |15000C | |Sodium chloride | |Quite | |Soluble |14650C |8010C | | | |Conductive | | |266900F |1473.40F | |HCL | |Slightly conductive | ...
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...CHAPTER - XIII POWER SECTOR REFORM IN ORISSA: A CASE STUDY IN RESTRUCTURING As per our Constitution, power industry is the combined responsibility of the Central Government and the State Governments. The ESA (Electricity Supply Act) envisaged three kinds of entities in the power-sector: State Electricity Boards (SEBs), generating companies, and licensees. SEBs are allowed to generate, transmit, and distribute electricity within a state; they enjoy all the powers of a licensee. They account for 65 per cent of the power generated in the country. Generating companies are responsible for supplying power to the grid without the specific responsibility of retail distribution. Major players in this category are NTPC (National Thermal Power Corporation), NHPC (the Hydro-electric analogue of NTPC), and NPCIL (Nuclear Power Corporation of India Limited). Though ESA allowed only the governments to set up generating companies till 1991, thereafter it was de-reserved. Independent Power Producers (IPPs) now fall under this category. Existing licensees are private-sector utilities licensed by a State Government for power generation, distribution, or both within a specified area. For example, Gujarat Industrial Power Corporation is only into generation and Central Electricity Supply Corporation (in Orissa) is confined to distribution, whereas Bombay Suburban Electric Supply Limited (BSES) and Tata Electric Company (TEC) are involved both in generation and distribution. The...
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