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Thermodynamics Chapter 1

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8/22/2012

Chapter 1 Fundamental Concepts

Shensheng Tang, Ph.D. Department of Engineering Technology Missouri Western State University St. Joseph, MO 64507 Email: stang@missouriwestern.edu

1.1 Introduction
• Thermodynamics: – the study of energy, heat, work, the properties of media employed, and the processes involved. – the study of the conversion of one form of energy to another.
  Solar S l energy → electricity l i i Use of solar energy for the heating of water

Dr. Tang @ MWSU

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8/22/2012

1.2 Properties of a System
• System: – A grouping of matter taken in any convenient or arbitrary manner. – For a design of diesel engine, it is possible to consider the entire engine as a system or a portion of the engine as a system. Property: – A property is an observable characteristic that is determined by the state of a system and, in turn, aids in determining the state of a system. – The condition of a system, described by its position, energy, and so on, is called the state of the system.
  The system’s properties determine its state. A given state of a system is reproduced when all its properties are the same.



– –

Extensive E t i property: the properties that depend on th size and total mass of a t th ti th t d d the i dt t l f system. Intensive property: independent of the size of a system.
  Examples: pressure, temperature. Specific properties: they are given per unit mass or per defined mass in the system.

Dr. Tang @ MWSU

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1.3 Temperature (1)
• The temperature of a system: a measure of the random motion of the molecules in the system. – The Celsius, Fahrenheit, Kelvin, and Rankine temperature scales represent the conventional and absolute temperature scales, respectively. – Celsius and Kelvin are SI units; Fahrenheit and Rankine are English units. units – Celsius (centigrade) and Fahrenheit temperatures are

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